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1.
日粮蛋白质水平对生长期闽南黄牛氮代谢的影响   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
选用9头14月龄闽南黄牛公牛,按重复3×3拉丁方设计,进行了氮平衡试验。研究了日粮蛋白质水平对氮消化与沉积规律及血液某些相关指标的影响。结果表明:随着蛋白质水平的提高,氮的进食量显著增加;氮的表观消化率、氮沉积量也显著增加(P<0.01)。氮的表观消化率(％)=43.26+0.58X,(r=0.9412,n=9);沉积氮(g/d)=1.86+0.37X,(r=0.9216,n=9)。  相似文献   

2.
采用15N稳定性同位素示踪技术,将4只(30±3)kg、装有颈静脉血管插管的山羊,按4×4拉丁方设计进行试验,研究了由牧草和精料组成的4种不同蛋白质水平日粮[8.5%(A)、11.0%(B)、13.5%(C)和16.0%(D)]对山羊内源尿素氮代谢的影响.结果表明,日粮蛋白质水平时氮的表观消化率影响较小,各组间差异不显著,但呈现出随氮食入量的增加而升高的趋势;对山羊体内氮的沉积量有显著或极显著的影响,当日粮蛋白质水平为11.0%时,可获得最大氮沉积量0.36 g/(d·W0.75).粪中15N丰度和富集量都呈现出随日粮蛋白质水平的升高先上升而后下降的趋势,尿中15N丰度和富集量都呈现出随日粮蛋白质水平升高而升高的趋势,日粮蛋白质水平对粪和尿中15N峰值出现的时间均影响不大.  相似文献   

3.
试验研究不同水平HMBi对生绒期辽宁绒山羊氮、硫代谢的影响。采用4×4拉丁方设计,选择4只辽宁绒山羊羯羊为试验动物,配制HMBi水平为0%(对照日粮)、0.85%(试验日粮A)、1.27%(试验日粮B)、1.70%(试验日粮C)的4种日粮,试验分4个时期进行。试验期每日收集粪、尿,测定其中的氮、硫。试验结果显示,生绒期辽宁绒山羊日粮中添加HMBi能显著减少粪氮和尿氮,增加沉积氮和可消化氮(P<0.05);添加HMBi粪硫和尿硫显著增加,但可消化硫、沉积硫亦显著增加(P<0.05);添加HMBi能显著提高氮、硫的表观消化率、总利用率及生物学价值(P<0.05)。综合分析认为,生绒期辽宁绒山羊日粮中HMBi的适宜添加量为1.27%。  相似文献   

4.
试验研究了日粮不同蛋白质水平对断奶仔猪氮代谢的影响。试验采用完全随机设计,将72头35日龄断奶的仔猪分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头。4个组分别饲喂24%、22%、20%、18%蛋白水平的日粮。结果表明:粪氮排泄随日粮蛋白水平的升高而增加,24%蛋白组粪氮排泄量显著高于其它3组(P<0.05),尿氮变化不显著;22%、20%、18%蛋白组氮表观消化率无显著差异,24%蛋白组氮表观消化率显著低于其它3组(P<0.05);氮代谢率随蛋白水平上升而下降;血清总蛋白浓度与日粮蛋白水平无显著的相关性;血清尿素氮浓度随日粮蛋白水平的降低而降低。总之,考虑到仔猪生长和氮排出,仔猪日粮蛋白水平应以20%~22%为好,18%的日粮蛋白水平影响仔猪日沉积氮量。  相似文献   

5.
雌性水貂准备配种期日粮适宜脂肪水平的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为探讨水貂准备配种期日粮脂肪水平对日粮中营养物质消化率和水貂氮代谢的影响,确定水貂准备配种期日粮适宜脂肪水平。试验选取体重相近的健康母貂120只,随机分成4组,每组30只,分别饲喂以黄花鱼、膨化玉米和动物下脚料等配制的鲜全价饲料。饲粮蛋白质水平相同,为34%,脂肪水平分别为日粮干物质的8%、12%、16%和20%,试验从12月初至配种前,试验中期进行水貂消化代谢试验。结果表明:日粮脂肪水平对水貂干物质消化率和蛋白质消化率影响差异不显著(P>0.05),日粮脂肪水平对日粮中脂肪的消化率有极显著的影响(P<0.01),随着脂肪水平的增加,脂肪消化率有增加的趋势。准备配种期当日粮脂肪水平达到12%以上时,水貂的日采食量,日氮食入量和氮沉积极显著降低(P<0.01),当日粮脂肪水平为8%时,水貂的采食量与日粮脂肪水平为12%组差异不显著(P>0.05),蛋白质消化率、氮食入量、氮沉积都显著高于其他脂肪水平日粮组(P<0.01),同时粪氮和尿氮排出量与其他脂肪组差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合以上指标,考虑节能环保,并能有效提高水貂饲料利用率,减少饲料成本,得出准备配种期水貂日粮脂肪水平为8%即可满足水貂的生产需要。  相似文献   

6.
本试验旨在研究在低蛋白质饲粮中添加不同水平亮氨酸对育肥猪氮平衡的影响,以确定低蛋白质饲粮中亮氨酸的适宜添加水平。试验选取10头初始体重为(70.7±3.1)kg的健康杜×长×大杂交去势公猪,采用5×5拉丁方设计,饲喂5种试验饲粮,包括1个正常蛋白质饲粮(粗蛋白质含量为14.5%)和4个添加不同水平(0、0.4%、0.8%和1.2%)亮氨酸的低蛋白质饲粮(粗蛋白质含量为10.0%)。整个试验期为50d,共分为5期,每期10d,前5天为预试期,后5天为收集期。采用全收集粪尿法测定育肥猪的氮平衡指标。结果显示:饲粮蛋白质水平的降低导致育肥猪的氮摄入量显著降低(P<0.05),继而氮排出量和氮沉积量也显著降低(P<0.05),但4个低蛋白质饲粮组的氮沉积率均显著高于正常蛋白质饲粮组(P<0.05);低蛋白质饲粮中添加0.4%的亮氨酸时,氮排出量最低,氮沉积量最高;而当亮氨酸添加水平高于0.4%时,氮沉积量显著下降(P<0.05),同时,随着亮氨酸添加水平的升高,异亮氨酸和缬氨酸的全肠道表观消化率有下降的趋势。综合以上结果得出,育肥猪低蛋白质饲粮(粗蛋白质含量为10.0%)中亮氨酸的适宜添加水平为0.4%。  相似文献   

7.
文章旨在研究日粮不同可消化纤维与蛋白质比例对肉兔生长性能、能量和氮平衡及盲肠内容物组分的影响。试验选择32 d断奶的肉兔120只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复5只。试验日粮分为4种,日粮可消化纤维与蛋白质比例分别为1.0(处理1组)、1.15(处理2组)、1.35(处理3组)和1.55(处理4组),试验共进行6周。结果 :处理3、4组较处理1、2组显著提高中性洗涤的表观消化系数(P <0.05),较处理1组显著提高了酸性洗涤纤维和粗纤维表观消化系数(P <0.05)。处理1组半纤维素表观消化系数最低(P <0.05),但可消化蛋白质和蛋能比最高(P <0.05)。处理1组较其他三组显著提高了氮的摄入量(P <0.05),处理3、4组较处理1组显著提高了能量沉积系数(P <0.05),日龄和日粮对尿氮排泄量和氮沉积量的影响具有显著交互效应(P <0.05)。处理1组较处理4组显著提高了盲肠内容物干物质含量(P <0.05)。结论 :日粮采用高比例可消化纤维替代蛋白质可以降低肉兔生长后期粪氨气和尿氮排泄量,提高氮沉积量。  相似文献   

8.
试验旨在研究日粮中粗蛋白质和粗脂肪水平对生长貉营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响,为生长貉的精准饲养提供科学依据。采用3×3完全随机设计,3个日粮粗蛋白质水平为22%、24%和26%,3个粗脂肪水平为7.5%、9.5%和11.5%。所有日粮中赖氨酸、含硫氨基酸和苏氨酸含量相等。将体重相近的11周龄健康公貉63只,随机分为9组,每组7只,单笼饲养,试验期共56 d。结果表明：日粮粗蛋白质和粗脂肪水平互作对生长貉能量和营养物质消化率、氮代谢指标均无显著影响（P>0.05）;日粮粗蛋白质水平影响干物质消化率（P<0.05）,其中日粮粗蛋白质水平为22%时干物质消化率显著高于粗蛋白质水平24%和26%组（P<0.05）;粗脂肪消化率随日粮粗脂肪水平增加而提高（P<0.05）,也有随日粮粗蛋白质水平增加而提高的趋势（0.05 < P < 0.10）。日粮粗蛋白质水平对氮沉积量无显著影响（P>0.05）,但显著影响日食入氮、日粪排出氮、日尿排出氮、蛋白质生物学价值和利用率（P<0.05）,日粮粗蛋白质水平为22%和24%时蛋白质生物学价值显著高于粗蛋白质水平26%组（P<0.05）;日粮粗脂肪水平显著影响日尿排出氮、沉积氮、蛋白质生物学价值和利用率（P<0.05）,其中日粮粗脂肪为9.5%和11.5%时沉积氮、蛋白质的生物学价值和利用率显著高于粗脂肪水平7.5%组（P<0.05）。以上结果表明,适当提高日粮粗脂肪水平、降低粗蛋白质水平,可降低尿氮排放,提高蛋白质的生物学价值和利用率。  相似文献   

9.
试验旨在研究日粮中粗蛋白质和粗脂肪水平对生长貉营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响,为生长貉的精准饲养提供科学依据。采用3×3完全随机设计,3个日粮粗蛋白质水平为22%、24%和26%,3个粗脂肪水平为7.5%、9.5%和11.5%。所有日粮中赖氨酸、含硫氨基酸和苏氨酸含量相等。将体重相近的11周龄健康公貉63只,随机分为9组,每组7只,单笼饲养,试验期共56 d。结果表明:日粮粗蛋白质和粗脂肪水平互作对生长貉能量和营养物质消化率、氮代谢指标均无显著影响(P0.05);日粮粗蛋白质水平影响干物质消化率(P0.05),其中日粮粗蛋白质水平为22%时干物质消化率显著高于粗蛋白质水平24%和26%组(P0.05);粗脂肪消化率随日粮粗脂肪水平增加而提高(P0.05),也有随日粮粗蛋白质水平增加而提高的趋势(0.05P0.10)。日粮粗蛋白质水平对氮沉积量无显著影响(P0.05),但显著影响日食入氮、日粪排出氮、日尿排出氮、蛋白质生物学价值和利用率(P0.05),日粮粗蛋白质水平为22%和24%时蛋白质生物学价值显著高于粗蛋白质水平26%组(P0.05);日粮粗脂肪水平显著影响日尿排出氮、沉积氮、蛋白质生物学价值和利用率(P0.05),其中日粮粗脂肪为9.5%和11.5%时沉积氮、蛋白质的生物学价值和利用率显著高于粗脂肪水平7.5%组(P0.05)。以上结果表明,适当提高日粮粗脂肪水平、降低粗蛋白质水平,可降低尿氮排放,提高蛋白质的生物学价值和利用率。  相似文献   

10.
为了研究不同蛋白质水平日粮补充过瘤胃叶酸(RPFA)对肉牛生长性能和消化代谢的影响。选用64头、9月龄、体重(224±1.5)kg的金色阿奎丹×西门塔尔杂交公牛,随机分成4组,分别在低蛋白日粮(10.91%CP)或高蛋白日粮(13.07%CP)中添加0 mg或75 mg RPFA。试验牛饲喂全混合日粮,日粮精粗比为5050。试验期80 d,其中包括10 d预饲期、60 d饲养试验和10 d消化代谢试验。结果表明,日粮蛋白质水平和RPFA之间无互作效应。提高日粮蛋白质水平或添加RPFA对采食量无显著影响,但提高了日增重(P0.05),降低了料重比(P0.05),提高了肉牛日粮干物质、有机物质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率(P0.05),增加了消化氮、沉积氮、沉积氮/采食氮以及蛋白生物学价值(P0.05)。结果提示,日粮蛋白质水平为13.07%或添加75 mg RPFA,日粮养分消化率、氮利用率以及生长轴激素的分泌增加,肉牛生长性能提高。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

16.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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17.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

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