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1.
多效唑对高羊茅叶片糖酶活性的影响 总被引：20，自引：4，他引：16
高羊茅草坪草施用多效唑后，叶片的垂直生长受抑，叶片光合同化物向根系运输增强，叶片和根系中淀粉及可溶性糖含量升高。数据表明：叶片中淀粉含量与淀粉酶活性呈正相关（r=0.88)。，另外，叶片中酸性转化酶活性增加，但中性转化酶活性降低，且叶片中可溶性碳水化合物含量一直维持在较高水平，说明酸性转化酶在多效唑对草坪草叶片垂直生长的调节中起重要作用。草坪草生长动态的变化与多效唑改变碳水化合物代谢酶活性有关。可溶性糖的积累有利于增强草坪草抗逆性，促进新器官的发生。 相似文献
2.
采用高羊茅的2个品种科伦那多和斗牛士，叶面喷施植物生长抑制剂脱落酸(ABA)及生长促进剂细胞激动素(KT)，研究它们对草坪草株高、分蘖、抗高温特性的影响，结果表明：①ABA、KT对草坪草降低株高，提高抗热性方面都有积极作用；②对分蘖来说，ABA对分蘖力较强的品种(斗牛士)促进作用明显，而对分蘖力弱的品种(科伦那多)却有降低分蘖作用；③ABA和KT都显著降低株高，其中对科伦那多这类株高本身较高的品种效果更好；④ABA和KT均可增加草坪草的抗热性，其中以ABA的效果较好。喷施ABA和KT能提高草坪草抗热性，是安全越夏的有效措施。 相似文献
3.
干旱胁迫对冷地型草坪草生理特性影响的研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
研究了Fylking草地早熟禾(Poapratensis)、Target多年生黑麦草(Loliumperenne)、Cindy紫羊茅(Festucarubra)的幼茎和幼根在不同的干旱条件下超氧化物酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)的酶活性生理指标变化。试验结果发现,随着干旱程度的加剧,草坪草体内可溶性蛋白质含量呈现逐步增多的趋势;在同等干旱条件下,根系中的可溶性蛋白质增加量大于茎叶中可溶性蛋白质的增加量;可溶性蛋白质含量及SOD、POD在草坪草受干旱胁迫时,能清除体内过量的活性氧,维持代谢平衡从而使草坪草在一定程度上忍受、减缓或抵抗不良环境的胁迫;草坪草幼苗的不同器官对干旱胁迫的反应不同,幼茎的耐脱水能力大于幼根;通过试验发现,SOD和POD酶活性可作为鉴定草坪草品种抗旱性大小的重要生理指标之一。 相似文献
4.
植物生长调节剂对提高冷季型草坪草抗热性的研究 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
采用高羊茅的2个品种科伦那多和斗牛士，叶面喷施植物生长抑制剂脱落酸（ABA）及生长促进剂细胞激动素(KT)，研究它们对草坪草株高、分蘖、抗高温特性的影响，结果表明：①ABA、KT对草坪草降低株高，提高抗热性方面都有积极作用；②对分蘖来说，ABA对分蘖力较强的品种（斗牛士）促进作用明显，而对分蘖力弱的品种（科伦那多）却有降低分蘖作用；③ABA和KT都显著降低株高，其中对科伦那多这类株高本身较高的品种效果更好；④ABA和KT均可增加草坪草的抗热性，其中以ABA的效果较好。喷施ABA和KT能提高草坪草抗热性，是安全越夏的有效措施。 相似文献
5.
为探讨白三叶(Trifolium repens)、匍匐剪股颖(Agrostis stolonifera)和沿阶草(Ophiopogon bodinieri)在香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)林下栽植的适宜性,采用培养皿萌发试验和盆栽试验,通过测定3种草坪草生长和抗性生理相关指标,综合评价3种草坪草对香樟化感的耐受性。结果表明,香樟凋落叶浸提液对3种草坪草的发芽有一定的抑制作用,其中沿阶草受香樟抑制作用最弱。随着土壤中凋落叶量的增加,3种草坪草株高、叶面积、生物量和叶片叶绿素含量均不断下降;白三叶和匍匐剪股颖的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),过氧化氢酶活性升高,沿阶草则变化不明显;匍匐剪股颖的丙二醛含量显著升高(P<0.05),其他两种草坪草不受影响。因此,相对于白三叶和匍匐剪股颖,沿阶草对香樟凋落叶分解产生的化感胁迫效应具有更强的耐受性,可能更适宜在香樟林下种植。 相似文献
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DREB/CBF类转录因子研究进展及其在草坪草和牧草抗逆基因工程中的应用 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4
草坪草和牧草是可持续农业的重要组成部分,但它们的生存力、生物量及产量的增长往往受限于各种逆境胁迫因素。作为受多基因控制的数量性状,抗逆性分子基础的研究显得尤为重要。转录因子调控着与逆境相关的多个下游靶基因的表达。其中,DREB/CBF类转录因子能与脱水应答顺式作用元件结合,由DREB1/CBF和DREB2两个亚家族成员组成。前者受低温诱导,后者受干旱诱导。近年来草坪草和牧草的遗传转化技术突飞猛进,通过转化DREB/CBF类转录因子来改良草种的抗逆性是今后草业育种工作的一个重要发展方向。本研究综述了该类转录因子的结构特征及其在植物逆境信号转导中的作用,并对它们在草坪草和牧草抗逆基因工程中的应用作了相关介绍。 相似文献
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9.
多效唑对2种冷季型草坪草生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用室内盆栽试验,研究不同浓度（100、 200、 300、 400、 500 mg/L）的多效唑对2种冷季型草坪草：草地早熟禾Poa pratensis--巴林和高羊茅Festuca arundinacea--法恩的株高、倒2叶长度、叶片内叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量和过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果表明:不同浓度的多效唑在降低2种冷季型草坪草的株高和缩短叶片长度的同时,能显著增加2种草坪草的叶绿素含量,并使其组织中丙二醛含量降低和过氧化氢酶活性增强,且这种作用随浓度的升高而呈增加的趋势,说明多效唑可以提高草坪草的抗逆性。 相似文献
10.
以大穗结缕草、沟叶结缕草和日本结缕草为试材,研究了不同浓度NaCl(0.20%,0.40%,0.60%,0.80%)处理40 d后对3种草坪草叶片中保护酶(POD,SOD,CAT)活性、丙二醛、脯氨酸、叶绿素及可溶性蛋白含量的影响,以确定各自的耐盐性强弱。结果表明,随盐浓度增加,3种草坪草叶片中的保护酶活性、丙二醛、脯氨酸含量呈上升趋势。在0.80%盐浓度下,大穗结缕草叶片中的保护酶活性较高而丙二醛、脯氨酸含量较低;低盐浓度下(<0.40%),3种草坪草叶片的叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量随盐浓度升高而升高,高盐浓度下(>0.60%),随盐浓度升高而下降。在0.80%盐浓度下,大穗结缕草叶片的叶绿素及可溶性蛋白含量较高且下降值较小。表明大穗结缕草具有较高的耐盐性。 相似文献
11.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
12.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
13.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
14.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
17.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
18.
A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
20.
Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664