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1.
《分子植物育种》2021,19(8):2740-2746
为探讨外源2,4-表油菜素内酯(EBR)对盐胁迫下水稻幼苗生理特性的影响。以水稻品种‘湘早籼45号’为试验材料,在盐胁迫下喷施不同浓度外源EBR,研究其对水稻幼苗光合色素及抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明:盐胁迫能显著抑制水稻幼苗光合色素的合成,并对抗氧化系统造成损伤。1μmol/L EBR溶液能有效缓解盐胁迫下水稻幼苗光合色素含量的降低,在盐胁迫24 h时最为明显,其叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素和总叶绿素含量相比对照分别提高51.77%、52.35%、57.62%。同时,1μmol/L EBR溶液喷施能显著提高盐胁迫24 h时的叶片SOD、CAT活性和根系CAT活性,以及盐胁迫恢复后(72 h)的根系SOD活性和叶片POD活性,相比CK2增加了2.91%～24.86%,并且能有效降低MDA含量的积累。因此,在生产上,喷施1μmol/L EBR溶液能有效缓解盐胁迫下水稻幼苗受到的损伤。本研究为盐胁迫下EBR调控水稻幼苗耐盐生理调控机制提供了理论基础。 相似文献
2.
探讨水果黄瓜幼苗对铅胁迫的响应机制,为揭示水果黄瓜抗铅性提供理论依据。在200 mg/L硝酸铅胁迫下,研究了不同浓度的(50,100,300,500μmol/L)外源一氧化氮(Nitric oxide,NO)对水果黄瓜种子萌发以及幼苗可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及叶绿素相对含量的影响。结果表明,200 mg/L的硝酸铅对水果黄瓜种子的萌发起到显著的抑制作用,并使可溶性蛋白与丙二醛的含量升高,POD、CAT活性以及叶绿素相对含量显著降低;加入硝普钠(SNP,NO供体)对水果黄瓜种子的发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数有明显的促进作用,同时降低了丙二醛的含量,增加POD、CAT、SOD活性以及叶绿素相对含量和可溶性蛋白质含量。外源NO能显著促进Pb2+胁迫下水果黄瓜种子萌发,增强细胞的渗透调节能力,提高保护酶活性,明显缓解幼苗叶片受到的氧化损伤,其中以100μmol/L SNP处理的效果最好。 相似文献
3.
水杨酸通过提高抗氧化酶活性及基因表达缓解番茄低钾胁迫 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨水杨酸(SA)对低钾胁迫下番茄幼苗生理指标及基因表达的影响,为研究SA和低钾胁迫之间的关系奠定重要的理论基础。研究喷施不同浓度(0.10,0.25,0.50,1.00 mmol/L)的SA对低钾胁迫下番茄幼苗氧化酶活性及基因表达的影响。结果表明,在低钾处理下喷施0.25 mmol/L的SA,番茄幼苗中Chl、Pro的含量、CAT、APX、POD、SOD的活性与对照组相比明显增加,MDA含量则明显降低。同时采用荧光定量PCR对幼苗叶片中的APX、CAT、POD与SOD基因表达模式进行分析,发现这4个基因的表达量在处理48,96 h后明显增加。推测在低钾胁迫下喷施0.25mmol/L SA能促进APX、CAT、POD与SOD基因的表达,进而降低活性氧ROS的积累,增强番茄幼苗对低钾胁迫的抗性。 相似文献
4.
为探明水杨酸和盐对香稻和非香稻幼苗生理特性的影响,以香稻品种农香18和非香稻品种华航丝苗为材料,设置水杨酸（SA）0,1 mmol/L和盐（NaCl）0,50 mmol/L浸种处理,测定了幼苗叶片和茎鞘超氧化物超化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化物酶（ POD）活性、丙二醛（ MDA）含量、可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量及香稻香气2-AP含量。 SA、盐以及两者的混合溶液浸后,香稻2-AP含量均显著增加。1 mmol/L水杨酸与50 mmol/L盐混合溶液处理显著提高香稻幼苗脯氨酸含量而对非香稻品种无显著影响;50 mmol/L盐溶液处理可显著提高香稻和非香稻幼苗茎鞘POD活性及香稻幼苗茎鞘SOD活性;1 mmol/L水杨酸处理显著提高香稻和非香稻幼苗叶片脯氨酸含量及香稻幼苗POD活性。SOD、脯氨酸和POD是水稻幼苗响应水杨酸和盐浸种处理的主要生理特性指标。盐胁迫下香稻2-AP含量增加, SA可缓解盐胁迫,同时可提高香稻2-AP含量。 相似文献
5.
水杨酸对缓解葡萄苗铝毒害的生理机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探明水杨酸对缓解葡萄苗铝毒害的生理机制,解决葡萄在酸性土壤中发生铝毒害的问题。以水晶葡萄为材料,采用水培的方法,在培养液中加入0.4 mmol/L氯化铝和不同浓度的水杨酸共培养5周,之后测定葡萄根系、茎干和叶片的生长状况、叶绿素含量、叶片和根系的活性氧清除系统及膜脂过氧化等指标,分析铝胁迫下水杨酸对葡萄苗生长及生理的影响。结果表明,铝胁迫下,葡萄植株生长受抑,嫩叶黄化,根系变黑;老叶叶绿素含量上升,嫩叶叶绿素含量下降;叶片和根系的SOD、POD活性和MDA含量上升,氧自由基产生速率也上升,而根系活力则下降。25,50μmol/L水杨酸处理明显促进了葡萄苗枝干的生长,根系颜色为微红色,但100μmol/L水杨酸处理却明显抑制了葡萄苗的生长,有少量根系变黑。水杨酸处理对葡萄苗缓解铝毒害的生理效应明显,25和50μmol/L水杨酸使老叶叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量显著高于CK和单独铝胁迫,使嫩叶叶绿素a、叶绿素a+b和类胡萝卜素含量比单独铝处理显著升高,水杨酸处理使叶片的SOD、POD活性和根系的SOD活性低于单独铝处理,而根系POD活性显著高于单独铝处理,叶片和根系氧自由基产生速率和丙二醛含量比单独铝处理有所下降;此外,50μmol/L水杨酸处理还显著提高了铝胁迫下的根系活力。可见,铝胁迫对葡萄植株生长的抑制作用明显,表现出较大的毒害作用,而水杨酸处理对缓解葡萄铝毒害具有一定的效果,其中以50μmol/L水杨酸处理对缓解葡萄苗铝毒害的生理效应最明显。 相似文献
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7.
水杨酸对铜胁迫下玉米幼苗生理特性的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
研究了不同浓度的水杨酸(SA)对铜(Cu2+)胁迫下玉米幼苗生理特性的影响.结果表明:在Cu2+胁迫下,玉米幼苗生长受到一定抑制作用;在一定范围内,外源SA对Cu2+的影响有抵抗作用,表现为玉米幼苗叶片叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质的含量、SOD、POD的活性均升高,MDA及矿质元素的积累降低等. 相似文献
8.
9.
外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下向日葵幼苗生长、光合及抗氧化系统的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了探究外源褪黑素对向日葵幼苗耐旱性的影响并明确其作用机制,以晋葵5号为试验材料,研究了叶面喷施50～200μmol/L外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下向日葵幼苗生长、光合及抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫显著抑制了向日葵幼苗的生长,随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,向日葵幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)及蒸腾速率(Tr)均逐渐下降,相对电导率、MDA含量、H_2O_2含量及O_2·-产生速率均逐渐上升,抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT、APX、GR)活性及抗氧化剂(As A和GSH)含量则先升高后降低。外源施用褪黑素可显著提升干旱胁迫下向日葵幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量、Pn、Gs及Tr,抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT、APX、GR)活性和抗氧化剂(As A和GSH)含量得到进一步提升,显著抑制了MDA、H_2O_2及O_2·-在叶片中的积累,以浓度为100μmol/L处理效果最佳;在干旱胁迫10 d时,100μmol/L褪黑素处理的向日葵幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、干质量、叶绿素含量以及Pn、Gs、Tr及SOD、POD、CAT、APX、GR活性和As A、GSH含量分别较CK2 (干旱胁迫)提升7. 13%,7. 48%,8. 13%,12. 48%,61. 43%,52. 71%,60. 00%,39. 29%,43. 03%,70. 16%,57. 00%,85. 22%,148. 09%,20. 00%,40. 98%;相对电导率、MDA含量、H_2O_2含量、O_2·-产生速率分别较CK2降低26. 79%,35. 81%,24. 33%,23. 13%。结果说明,外源褪黑素通过提高干旱胁迫下向日葵幼苗叶片的光合作用和活性氧清除能力,从而缓解干旱胁迫造成的伤害,提高耐旱性,以100μmol/L处理效果最佳。 相似文献
10.
以马铃薯郑薯5号(耐寒品种)幼苗为试验材料,采用0.5 mmol/L水杨酸(SA)叶面喷施处理,通过低温胁迫(4℃14 h,2℃10 h)后,测定马铃薯叶片丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、脯氨酸(Pro)和叶绿素总含量,过氧化物歧化酶酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,研究外源SA对马铃薯叶片渗透调节能力和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:低温胁迫下喷施SA后的马铃薯叶片MDA、SS、SP、Pro和叶绿素总含量显著提高,POD和SOD活性显著提高。因此叶面喷施外源SA能通过调控马铃薯的渗透调节和抗氧化能力来减轻细胞膜的损伤,抵制低温伤害,提高其耐寒性。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
20.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献