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《福建水产》2020,(3)
对采自广西西江干流上游(天峨、东兰、大化、都安和合山)、中游(武宣、桂平和平南)以及下游(梧州)的333尾卷口鱼进行传统形态学测量,以主成分分析、单因子方差分析(One-way ANOVA)、判别分析和聚类分析等多种统计方法系统研究卷口鱼9个地理群体间的形态差异。其中,主成分分析共获取4个主成分(PC1～PC4),能解释81.429%的形态差异,PC1和PC2的贡献率分别为61.830%和7.863%,主要反映鱼体背腹轴和尾部的形态变化。PC1和PC2散点图显示,各地理群体间的形态差异在PC1轴上较在PC2轴上更易区分,其中桂平、平南和梧州群体已与其他群体产生明显偏离。进一步的单因子方差分析显示此三个群体的背腹轴性状(D3-6和D5-8)与多数群体存在显著性差异(P0.05)。判别分析中,各地理群体的综合判别率高达96.36%,交互验证后为91.30%,能较好地区分各群体。聚类分析发现,武宣群体与上游5个群体形态最为相似性,先聚为一支,而后依次与形态距离较远的梧州、桂平和平南群体聚类。综上,广西西江干流9个卷口鱼群体间存在较为明显的形态差异,本研究将为卷口鱼种质资源保护管理及合理利用提供参考依据。 相似文献
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珠江卷口鱼年龄生长、食性和繁殖的研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
本文报道了珠江卷口鱼的年龄生长、食住和繁殖方面的研究结果。通过分析确定:卷口鱼的年龄级由I—IV龄鱼组成,各龄鱼分别占渔获物总量的42.21％、38.21％、19.21％和0.38％。用统计学方法,计算出卷口鱼体长与鳞长的相关式为:L=8 43.30R(r=0.9956);体长与体重的相关式为:W=8.226×10~(-3)L~(3.374)(Γ=0.9654)。对卷口鱼各种食物的组成、季节变化及出现率作了分析探讨。卷口鱼个体绝对怀卵量波动于7878—48880粒之间,平均22250.7粒。绝对怀卵量与体长和体重的相关式为:R=4.5419L~(3.6208)和R=40.88W 1209. 文中对卷口鱼的资源繁殖保护,网具使用和合理捕捞规格等问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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对齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothoraxprenanti)的形态特征、染色体核型和同工酶组织特异性进行了观察和分析。结果显示:齐口裂腹鱼形态学可数性状为背鳍Ⅲ-8,腹鳍Ⅰ-9～10,臀鳍Ⅱ～Ⅲ-5,侧线鳞90～109,侧线上鳞17～24,侧线下鳞14～19,鳃耙数为外侧:14～23,内侧:19～31;其染色体数为2n=132,核型为34m+30sm+24st+44t,臂数NF=196。乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、酯酶(EST)、醇脱氢酶(ADH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、过氧化物酶(POD)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)6种同工酶谱在齐口裂腹鱼中有明显的组织特异性。 相似文献
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五种海洋生物葡萄糖磷酸变位酶和磷酸葡萄糖异构酶的同工酶分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
应用RAPD技术对珠江水系西江段广西桂平至广东肇庆之间的野生卷口鱼遗传多样性进行分析。利用20个随机引物对卷口鱼30个个体的基因组DNA进行了PCR扩增,一共扩增出3840条DNA片段,平均每个个体扩增出128条带。在检测到的128个位点中,多态位点数为85个,占66.4%,标记的分子量在0.2~3 kb之间。个体间最大的遗传距离为0.291 3,个体间最小的遗传距离为0.029 1。30个个体间的平均遗传距离为0.150 1±0.034 3。与野生草鱼、鲫鱼、黄颡鱼、胭脂鱼等相比,卷口鱼的遗传多样性水平较高,表明野生卷口鱼可能存在较大的群体。采用临近聚类法(NJTREE)构建了30个个体相互关系的分支图。30个个体被分为两个群体,显示野生卷口鱼在广西桂平至广东肇庆之间的江段中可能至少存在两个种群。本研究为卷口鱼的种质保护、合理开发利用以及选择育种提供了一些基础数据。 相似文献
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为了解西江流域广西境内卷口鱼(Ptychidio jordani)种群遗传结构及分化程度,采用线粒体Cytb基因序列对西江流域广西境内6个江段的139尾野生卷口鱼的遗传多样性进行了分析。结果显示,线粒体Cytb基因长度为1 053 bp,碱基T、C、A、G的平均含量分别为29.1%、27.7%、29.3%、13.9%,其中A+T (58.4%)高于C+G(41.6%)。共定义20个单倍型,并聚为2个分支,未观察到明显的地理聚群。6个卷口鱼群体的平均单倍型多样性和平均核苷酸多样性分别为0.768 2、0.002 3,其中红水河群体(单倍型多样性h=0.748 7,核苷酸多样性π=0.003 3)遗传多样性最高,柳江群体(h=0.274 4,π=0.000 4)和左江群体(h=0.374 7,π=0.000 3)的遗传多样性相对较低。卷口鱼总体的遗传分化指数(F_(ST))为0.461 4 (P0.01),表现出较大的遗传分化。两两群体间遗传分化结果显示,左江和柳江种群之间的遗传分化程度最大,而柳江和西江之间最小。AMOVA分析表明西江流域的卷口鱼群体遗传变异一半来自群体内(53.86%),一半来自群体间(46.14%)。中性检验(Tajima's D=-1.082 8,P0.05;Fu's Fs=-6.572 5, 0.01P0.05)与碱基错配分布分析表明西江流域卷口鱼种群大约在0.07～0.187 Ma经历了种群扩张。综上,西江流域广西境内的卷口鱼柳江群体和左江群体遗传多样性较低,总群体分化程度较大,但仍属于一个种群,其中空间距离与地理阻隔对卷口鱼的遗传分化具有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
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多鳞白甲鱼的生态习性与开发利用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
多鳞白甲鱼Onychostoma macrolepis,隶属鲤形目、鲤科,俗称钱鱼、螭霖鱼,梢白甲、斑纹鱼、石纹鱼、泰山赤鳞鱼。温水性淡水鱼类,分布于我国嘉陵江水系和汉水水系的中上游、淮河上游、渭河水系、伊河、洛河、海河上游的滹沱和山东泰山的溪涧。1形态特征体长,略侧扁,腹部圆形；头短,吻钝,口下位,新月形；具须2对,上颌须极细小,口角须很短；胸部鳞片较小,埋于皮下；背鳍无硬棘,外缘稍内凹,尾鳍叉型；体侧各鳞片的基部具新月形黑斑,背鳍和臀鳍各有 相似文献
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为研究蛇（鱼句）耳石的形态特征以及不同环境下的耳石形态差异,以蛇（鱼句）左侧微耳石和星耳石作为研究材料,利用传统形态法测量耳石的14个参数且将其转化为11个形状指标,并利用地标点法在星耳石上选取12个地标点,对2016年6—7月间采自嘉陵江上游、中游、下游的195尾蛇（鱼句）的耳石样本进行形态研究。结果显示,蛇（鱼句）微耳石呈肾形,3个江段微耳石形态无显著差异;蛇（鱼句）星耳石呈圆形、椭圆形,表面粗糙,脊突数少于20,翼叶较基叶发达,中央突不明显,主凹槽轮廓似水滴状。相对扭曲主成分分析将3个江段的蛇（鱼句）星耳石分为两种形态类型：Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型,其中Ⅰ型主要为嘉陵江上游江段蛇（鱼句）的耳石样本,Ⅱ型则包括嘉陵江中游和下游的蛇（鱼句）耳石样本。传统形态法和地标点法的综合结果表明,两种类型耳石形态差异主要表现在整体轮廓、脊突数,以及基叶、主凹槽和背侧距离等特征上,逐步判别分析对Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型星耳石的正判率达95.5%,区分效果较好。研究表明,嘉陵江不同江段蛇（鱼句）星耳石分为两种类型,且存在显著的形态差异;蛇（鱼句）星耳石的形态差异可能是对水温、流速等环境因子主动适应的结果,如在上游生活的蛇（鱼句）,其较细长且脊突较多的Ⅰ型星耳石能够较好地适应上游低温、多变的急流环境。 相似文献
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珠江卷口鱼食性的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
<正> 卷口鱼Ptychidio jordani Myers俗名老鼠鱼、嘉鱼,隶属于鲤形目Cypriniformes、鲤科Cyprinidae、鲃亚科Barinae,分布于珠江水系和台湾省,是珠江水系名贵鱼类之一。常见个体体重250～600克,1,000克以上的个体亦不鲜见,历史上曾有每尾体重达2公斤以上的报道。卷口鱼以肉质细嫩、含脂丰富、肉味甘美而驰名,经济价值甚高。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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