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鲟鱼具有适应性广、个体大、生长速度快、抗病力强等特点,现已成为世界上淡水养殖的优良品种,我国农业部也把鲟鱼列入"十五"期间重点发展的淡水养殖鱼类之一.我国目前主要养殖品种有史氏鲟、俄罗斯鲟、西伯利亚鲟、匙吻鲟及几种杂交鲟等,而我省主要养殖史氏鲟、杂交鲟(达氏鳇×史氏鲟)和匙吻鲟等,其中杂交鲟被认为是最适合南方养殖的品种.鲟鱼养殖一般为春夏季繁殖,夏季培苗,夏秋季放苗.由于鲟鱼适宜生长温度为18℃～28℃,我国大部分地区鲟鱼养殖过程中均存在着渡夏或越冬问题,使养殖周期长达8个月至1年以上,一年最多只能养殖一茬,年产量不高.2000年以来,广州市先步农业发展有限公司与暨南大学水生生物研究所合作,创建了鲟鱼冬季反季节育苗技术,同时利用南方温暖的气候条件,开展工厂化培育鲟鱼大规格苗种,缩短养殖周期,进行一年两茬无公害高产养殖技术研究并取得成功.现以杂交鲟(达氏鳇×史氏鲟)为例,将鲟鱼一年两茬无公害高产养殖技术总结如下,以供参考. 相似文献
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随着鲟鱼自然资源的日渐枯竭,人工养殖的鲟鱼逐渐成为商业开发的主要来源。在人工养殖品种中,杂交鲟因生长速度快,适应范围广,抗病力强等优点,引起养殖业界的重视。国外较为成功的杂交品种为小鲟鳇,即欧洲鳇×小体鲟,我国利用野生资源曾进行过史氏鲟×达氏鳇,而利用人工养殖鲟鱼杂交育种尚未见报道。为此,我们进行了西伯利亚鲟×俄罗斯鲟、史氏鲟、闪光鲟的试验,并与西伯利亚鲟自交品种进行了对比试验,取得了很好的效果。1 材料与方法1. 1 试验材料(1)试验亲鱼均来源于公司自购受精卵人工培育而成,母本为西伯利亚鲟,父本为西伯利亚鲟… 相似文献
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运动功能相关的中华鲟和西伯利亚鲟幼鱼侧视形态比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过选取11个侧视形态特征度量进行主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA),同时设置26个标记点进行相对扭曲分析(relative warp analysis,RWA),比较了中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)和西伯利亚鲟(A.baerii)幼鱼在侧视形态上的差异以及相对扭曲分析和传统多元分析在鲟鱼形态研究中的优劣。结合前期对它们的有氧游泳能力比较结果(西伯利亚鲟比中华鲟强25%),分析了鲟鱼形态的水动力功能。主成分分析比较表明,中华鲟头长、头高、背鳍前基点之后的躯干高度、尾柄长、背鳍前缘长度均显著大于西伯利亚鲟(P<0.05),而尾鳍上叶显著短于西伯利亚鲟(P<0.05)。相对扭曲分析计算样本的几何信息并可视化统计结果,表明中华鲟的吻厚、吻长、头高、头长、躯干后半段高、背鳍前缘长显著大于西伯利亚鲟,而尾柄长和尾鳍上下叶长显著小于西伯利亚鲟(P<0.001)。上述形态特征直接影响着两种鲟鱼的游泳能力。 相似文献
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比较了史氏鲟精子在3种不同配比浓度稀释液的保存效果。试验结果表明,配方Ⅲ作为稀释液,8%甲醇作为抗冻剂,二步法超低温(-196℃)冷冻保存,5h后取出,38℃水浴解冻取得最好的冻后激活率,解冻后激活率为(52.3±3.5)%。解冻精子分别采用井水和激活液D(10mmol/L Tris+10mmol/L NaCl+25mmol/L Glu,pH 8.0)激活,进行人工授精。结果显示配方Ⅲ冻精采用激活液D激活授精获得最高受精率为68.56%,最高孵化率为52.91%。本次试验表明,1～2mmol/L范围内,低浓度K+比高浓度K+对史氏鲟精子保存有利;52～82mosmol/kg范围内,高渗稀释液有利于史氏鲟精子的保存;且激活授精方法是影响冻精受精率和孵化率的关键因素之一。 相似文献
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用生物化学方法测定施氏鲟Acipenser schrenckii、大杂交鲟A.schrencki i(♂)×Huso dauricus(♀)及西伯利亚鲟A.baeri成熟卵子及体腔液的酶、维生素、微量元素及氨基酸组成和含量。结果表明:施氏鲟与大杂交鲟的卵径显著大于西伯利亚鲟(P<0.05)。吸水后大杂交鲟的卵径显著大于施氏鲟和西伯利亚鲟(P<0.05)。大杂交鲟卵中谷草转氨酶(GOT,2.83U·g-1)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP,0.69 U·g-1)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP,0.81 U·mg-1)含量最高,均无显著性差异(P>0.05),仅西伯利亚鲟卵内琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)的活力显著升高(P<0.05)。3种鲟鱼卵与体腔液中蛋白质、微量元素及维生素组成差异显著。大杂交鲟体腔液内的ACP活力显著高于施氏鲟体腔液内的ACP活力(P<0.05)。西伯利亚鲟(0.51±0.16μmol·g-1)卵内的Fe含量显著高于施氏鲟(0.35μmol·g-1)和大杂交鲟(0.42±0.12μmol·g-1),而体腔液内均未检测到Fe和Zn,但体腔液中Vc(4.00±2.44μg·L-1)含量显著低于大杂交鲟(5.58±1.53μg·L-1)和施氏鲟(5.47±2.32μg·L-1)(P<0.05)。3种鲟鱼卵及体腔液内的酶、微量元素、维生素等组成相同,但SDH和ACP活力、Fe和Vc含量存在组织和种间差异,在亲鱼培育时应区别培育。 相似文献
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在冷泉水养殖条件下进行史氏鲟和杂交鲟(史氏鲟♀×西伯利亚鲟♂)鱼种的饲养试验,史氏鲟和杂交鲟鱼种的平均体重分别为(2.51±0.57)g和(2.16±0.33)g;平均全长分别为(6.55±0.69)cm和(6.11±0.33)cm;试验期水温为18~22℃。经70 d人工培育,投喂含48%粗蛋白的人工配合饲料,史氏鲟和杂交鲟鱼种的平均体重分别达到(22.25±5.53)g和(26.19±6.16)g,平均全长分别达到(13.87±0.61)cm和(14.17±0.77)cm。杂交鲟鱼种平均体重和平均全长特定生长率均高于史氏鲟。以Bertalanffy非线性生长模型算得的史氏鲟和杂交鲟鱼种体重生长拐点分别为67 d和71 d,全长生长拐点日龄分别为30 d与33 d;全长生长拐点的出现先于体重拐点;杂交鲟鱼种体重和全长生长拐点比史氏鲟鱼种分别推迟4 d和3 d,杂交鲟鱼种全长生长增速持续时间大于史氏鲟鱼种。 相似文献
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不同冷冻保护剂在猪精液冷冻中的作用分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本实验采用一定浓度的甘油、EG、DMA、DMSO及其两两组合物作为冷冻保护剂。用含冷冻保护制的稀释液将精液稀释后,常温保存,观察精子活率,比较精子生存指数。结果表明：在常温下对精子毒害作用最大的是DMSO,其次是甘油,EG和DMA对精子毒害作用最小。以一定浓度的10种冷冻保护剂将对精液冷冻后观察解冻活率,发现EG和DMA混合保护剂解冻后精子活率最高。 相似文献
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Effect of water temperature on the physiology of fish spermatozoon function: a brief review 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hadiseh Dadras Borys Dzyuba Jacky Cosson Amin Golpour Mohammad Abdul Momin Siddique Otomar Linhart 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(3):729-740
Motility is a key factor in function of the spermatozoon and determines semen quality and fertilizing capacity. Effective motility occurs when sperm is diluted in a swimming solution, the adequacy of which is determined by factors varying according to fish species. Spermatozoon motility rate and velocity, as well as duration of the motility period, are influenced by the temperature of the water in which broodfish are held. Increase in temperature of swimming medium beyond the optimal increases cell metabolism, leading to an increase in velocity with rapid depletion of energy resources, promoting early cessation of movement. The aim of this review was to discuss current information on the influence of temperature on quantitative spermatozoon properties, which could affect sperm function. Our findings provide a greater understanding of fish sperm physiology and a biological foundation for the further development of spermatozoon motility investigations as well as reproduction technologies. 相似文献
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Spermiation time affect the milt quality indices of the Russian sturgeon,Acipenser gueldenstaedtii,Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Mostafa Halimi Asma Mohammadi Rouhallah Norousta Hossein Khara Mohammad Reza Karimi 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(10):2426-2430
In this study, the effects of spermiation time are investigated on milt quality of Russian sturgeon over the course of the spawning season. The milt samples were collected from three broodstock batches at three time points including: the beginning, middle and at the end of the spawning season. According to the results, the milt quality parameters including pH, sperm density, spermatocrit, duration of sperm motility and percentage of sperm motility were significantly low in the beginning and end of season than middle of season. The values of milt quality parameters in the middle of season were as follows: (motility percentage: 69.6 ± 3.5, motility duration: 460.3 ± 37.2 s, sperm density: 8.7 ± 0.4 × 109, milt volume: 86.3 ± 8.1 and milt pH: 8.3 ± 0.15). Significant positive correlations were also found between milt pH and sperm motility as well as between sperm density and spermatocrit. In conclusion, our study showed that the middle of season is the best time for collection of milt with appropriate quality in Russian sturgeon. Selection of milt with good quality is necessary aim to cryopreservation of spermatozoa in endangered fish species including Russian sturgeon. 相似文献
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Pablo E Cruz-Casallas Dora A Lombo-Rodríguez & Yohana María Velasco-Santamaría 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(7):682-686
In order to develop artificial reproduction in freshwater fish for potential species to be developed in South American aquaculture, milt quality and sperm morphology were studied in yamú (Brycon siebenthalae) under captive conditions during the natural middle spermiation period. The volume of milt collected for each male was 1.8±1.2 mL and the sperm concentration was 13.9±4.0 × 109 spermatozoa mL?1. Spermatocrit (41.5±10.8%) was positively associated (r2=0.30) with sperm density calculated using a corpuscle counting chamber. Sperm motility was 88±9% and the average duration of forward motility was 41±7 s. Fertilization rate was 84±8% and there was no association between this trait and sperm motility (r2=0.009) or with sperm density (r2=0.073). These results suggest that captive B. siebenthalae broodstock can be reproduced successfully. 相似文献
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Shimelly Rocha Danilo P Streit Jr Lis S Marques Antonio S Varela Jr Carine D Corcini Márcio A Hoshiba 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(2):963-968
Heavy metals are highly toxic elements that are present in the environment, especially in water. Mercury chloride (HgCl2) stands out among these compounds because of its strong ability to induce damage to any tissue with which it comes into contact. The gametes of spawning aquatic animals, such as fish, are susceptible to such damage. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the toxic potential of HgCl2 in the capacitation and activation of Rhamdia quelen sperm. Semen was collected from seven males and activated in 58 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) containing 0 (control), 4?10, 7?10, 7?9, and 7?8 M HgCl2. The evaluated variables included motility, vigor, motility time, morphology, membrane integrity, membrane fluidity, mitochondrial functionality, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and DNA fragmentation. All evaluated HgCl2 concentrations increased primary pathologies and reduced motility, vigor and motility time. Damage to membrane integrity and fluidity began occurring at a concentration of 7?10 M HgCl2. These results indicate that HgCl2 has a toxic effect on different sites of fish spermatozoa and that sperm motility decreases after exposure to HgCl2, impairing sperm capacitation and activation. 相似文献
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Yusuf Bozkurt Fatih Öğretmen Uğur Erçin Ümmügülsüm Yιldιz 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(15):1666-1672
In this research, the mineral and organic composition of the seminal plasma, physical spermatological parameters and their physiological relationships were investigated in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The seminal plasma contained 98.14±5.23 mM L?1 (Na+), 380.85±25.95 mM L?1 (K+), 30.25±4.96 mg dL?1 (Ca2+), 19.16±1.70 mEq L?1 (Mg2+), 1.36±0.11 mg dL?1 glucose, 0.37±0.08 g dL?1 total protein, 12.02±1.18 mg dL?1 cholesterol, 14.85±1.50 mg dL?1 triglyceride and 43.5±9.56 mg dL?1 urea. The following spermatological parameters were found: sperm volume 14.44±1.16 mL, sperm motility 80.60±1.55%, movement duration 67.68±4.32 s, density 15.43±0.72 × 109 mL?1, total density 337.43+45.86 × 109 and pH 7.24±0.17. The Na+ and Ca2+ ions correlated negatively with spermatozoa motility (r=?0.453, P>0.05 and r=?0.192, P>0.05) respectively. The K+ ion correlated positively with spermatozoa motility (r=0.545, P>0.05). But a statistically significant correlation was not observed between sperm motility and seminal plasma parameters. The following correlations were observed between mineral and organic components. The Mg2+ was positively correlated with glucose and cholesterol (r=0.692, P<0.05 and r=0.680, P<0.05) respectively. A highly significant positive relationship was also found between Mg2+ and total protein (r=0.837, P<0.01). On the other hand, a significantly negative relationship was found between Ca2+ and triglyceride (r=?0.639, P<0.05). These parameters should be considered when developing procedures for either artificial fertilization or for cryopreservation of grass carp sperm. 相似文献
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Hollow sperm syndrome during spermatogenesis in the giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricius 1798) from eastern Australia 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Roger S‐M Chong Jeff A Cowley Brian D Paterson Greg J Coman David L Mann Stuart J Arnold Howard C Prior Andrew T Wood Mohammed J Amigh 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(11):2573-2592
During spermatogenesis, giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) from Queensland, eastern Australia had a high proportion of testicular spermatids that appeared ‘hollow’ because their nuclei were not visible with the haematoxylin and eosin stain. When examined by transmission electron microscopy, the nuclei of hollow spermatids contained highly decondensed chromatin, with large areas missing fibrillar chromatin. Together with hollow spermatids, testicular pale enlarged (PE) spermatids with weakly staining and marginated chromatin were observed. Degenerate‐eosinophilic‐clumped (DEC) spermatids that appeared as aggregated clumps were also present in testes tubules. Among 171 sub‐adult and adult P. monodon examined from several origins, 43% displayed evidence of hollow spermatids in the testes, 33% displayed PE spermatids and 15% displayed DEC spermatids. These abnormal sperm were also found at lower prevalence in the vas deferens and spermatophore. We propose ‘Hollow Sperm Syndrome (HSS)’ to describe this abnormal sperm condition as these morphological aberrations have yet to be described in penaeid shrimp. No specific cause of HSS was confirmed by examining either tank or pond cultured shrimp exposed to various stocking densities, temperatures, salinities, dietary and seasonal factors. Compared with wild broodstock, HSS occurred at higher prevalence and severity among sub‐adults originating from farms, research ponds and tanks. Further studies are required to establish what physiological, hormonal or metabolic processes may cause HSS and whether it compromises the fertility of male P. monodon. 相似文献
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The shortage of males and/or sperm has been an impediment to the aquaculture of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). This study reversed orange-spotted grouper females into males using hormone implants. A cryopreservation protocol for sperm was developed using normal males, and then using similar procedures the cryopreservation of sperm from sex-reversed males was compared. Immature, young and mature female fish were injected with 4 mg kg−1 BW 17α methyltestosterone as implants and the gonad development stage was monitored over a 120-day period. All treated females converted into functional males within 120 days of the experimental period. Younger females (2Y) were all males within 30 days, although not all were capable of fertilizing fresh ova until day 60. The time after injection to sex reversal in immature fish was 50% shorter than in older females. Postthaw fertilization (81%, 82%) and hatching (45%, 47%) of cryopreserved sperm from natural males were the highest in trehalose (15–20%) with 150 mmol NaCl treatment; however, it was less than the control (89% fertilization and 69% hatch). There was no difference in the postthaw fertilization and the hatch percentages between sex-reversed male sperm (64% and 46% respectively) compared with natural male sperm (59% and 49%). The findings of this study suggest the potential use of sex-reversed males and cryopreserved sperm for commercial production of orange-spotted grouper seed for aquaculture. 相似文献
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Relationships between body size and secondary sexual characters,and sperm characters in male Dolly Varden char (Salvelinus malma) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Toshiaki Yamamoto Noritaka Hirohashi Eiji Fujiwara Tatsuya Suzuki Hatsuna Maruta Hirotake Omiya Shigeru Kitanishi 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(3):397-402
In Salmonidae, subordinate males are exposed to higher risks of sperm competition than dominant males and thus are expected to improve the sperm characteristics (sperm concentrations, sperm velocity and sperm longevity). In this study, we investigated the relationships between body size and secondary sexual characters (breeding colour, hump height and snout length), and sperm characteristics of one‐year‐old (newly matured) Dolly Varden char. Small males displayed higher sperm concentrations than large males. Moreover, males with dull breeding colours, but not with lesser snout length and hump height, displayed an increased sperm velocity compared to males with bright colours, suggesting a trade‐off between sperm quantity and the investment in breeding colour. In addition, sperm longevity decreased as sperm swimming velocity increased. These findings indicate that small males with dull breeding colours improve the quantity and quality of their sperm to a great extent to enhance their chances of reproductive success. 相似文献