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产蛋鸡对饲料营养要求较高，科学的营养需要合格的全价配合饲料。饲料出现问题往往导致产蛋率下降。鸡饲料的主要原料为玉米和豆粕，而豆粕占到饲料成本的70％以上，由于豆粕涨幅最高，所以许多饲料加工企业减少了豆粕的使用量，用菜粕和棉粕替代豆粕。但事实上，豆粕的替代比例不能太大。 相似文献
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浓缩饲料是畜禽生长、健康、繁殖需要的蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素、钙、磷、微量元素以及促进生长和防治疾病的抗生素药物等。它是由蛋白饲料类鱼粉、蚕蛹、血粉、骨粉、饼粕类及矿物常量元素和微量元素、维生素制剂等配合而成。浓缩饲料与农副产品 ,如玉米、大麦、薯类、高梁、米糖、麦麸等合理配制后就是全价饲料。怎样采用浓缩饲料配制成全价饲料 ,提高饲养业经济效益。现将此法介绍如下 ,供广大农户在养殖生产中参考。农户从市上购回猪用浓缩饲料含粗蛋白质４０ % ,要与玉米、大麦、米糠三种饲料配成全价饲料喂２０～６０ｋｇ 阶段的瘦肉… 相似文献
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能量饲料的主要原料是玉米,玉米占到全价饲料的60%左右。去年秋天以来,玉米主产区遭遇连阴雨,使得玉米在田间成熟前后就遭受到霉菌污染。霉菌毒素是真菌在代谢饲料和饲料原料中的营养物质过程中,所产生的代谢产物, 相似文献
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郭庆宝 《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2020,(5):25-27
应用鲜牛粪与酒糟粉按95∶5的比例进行发酵,将其制作成发酵饲料,分别替代2%、5%、10%全价饲料,并进行为期130 d的生猪饲养试验,以期开辟新的饲料资源,降低养猪饲养成本,提高经济效益。试验结果表明,替代全价饲料2%的试验1组节省饲料25.1 kg,平均节约资金13.3元/头;替代全价饲料5%的试验2组节省饲料63.0 kg,平均节约资金33.3元/头;替代全价饲料10%的试验3组平均节省饲料125.8 kg,平均节约资金66.5元/头;对照组平均应用全价饲料251.9 kg/头,平均应用饲料资金665.1元/头。试验组饲养成本与对照组相比明显降低,试验组与对照组相比经济效益明显提高。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究膨化豌豆粉替代日粮中玉米和豆粕对3月龄奶公犊日增重、饲料报酬的影响。选择85日龄左右的断奶荷斯坦奶公犊30头,根据日龄、体重随机分为对照组、试验组,每组15头,对照组组饲喂不含豌豆的全价日粮,试验组饲喂含有12.70%膨化豌豆粉的全价日粮。预试期15 d,试验期31 d。结果表明：试验组日粮中添加12.70%膨化豌豆粉替代对照组中的玉米和豆粕,试验结束时两组牛体重差异不显著,平均日增重差异显著,对照组较试验组平均日增重高0.21 kg;添加膨化豌豆粉的试验组饲料报酬高于对照组,每千克增重降低饲料消耗量0.1 kg,降低饲料成本0.42元。 相似文献
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2006~2007年中国饲料及饲料原料霉菌毒素污染调查报告 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
作者评估了2006年和2007年上半年我国饲料原料和全价饲料中6种主要霉菌毒素的检出水平和分布特点,得出如下结论：①我国饲料原料和全价饲料中超标率和检出水平最高的霉菌毒素是玉米赤霉烯酮、烟曲霉毒素和呕吐毒素（田间型毒素）。人们一直重视的黄曲霉毒素（仓储型毒素）超标率和检出水平均比较低;②饲料原料和全价饲料中多种霉菌毒素往往同时存在,由于不同毒素间具有协同作用,将加剧毒素的毒性作用和中毒症状的严重程度;③副产品原料,特别是玉米副产品如干燥酒糟（DDGS）和玉米蛋白粉中霉菌毒素的污染非常严重;④与单一能量和蛋白质饲料原料相比,全价饲料中的多种霉菌毒素的检出水平才是相对比较准确和客观的控制指标;⑤控制霉菌毒素危害的最经济有效的措施是控制原料质量和使用有效的霉菌毒素吸附剂。 相似文献
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《动物医学进展》2021,42(8)
为了解新疆部分地区规模化鸡场饲料中霉菌毒素污染情况,从新疆部分地区规模化鸡场采集豆粕(78份)、玉米(72份)、麦麸(60份)及全价配合饲料样品(80份)共计290份,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测290份饲料样品中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、呕吐毒素(DON)和T-2毒素(T-2)含量。结果表明,豆粕、玉米、麦麸及全价配合饲料样品中4种霉菌毒素检出率在52.7%～100.0%之间,豆粕中AFB1和ZEN超标率分别为9.2%和6.2%,玉米中AFB1和ZEN超标率分别为16.2%和8.4%,全价配合饲料中AFB1和T-2超标率分别为19.8%和12.6%。说明该地区规模化鸡场中豆粕、玉米、麦麸及全价配合饲料存在AFB1、ZEN及T-2等3种霉菌毒素污染,应引起重视。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献