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1.
The purpose of this research was to establish the influence of 3 j Cx cellulase applied per gram of COT concentrate mixture, fed in combination with a milk diet acidified by formic acid to the value of pH 4.6, on calf growth performance in one metabolism and two field experiments. In the metabolism experiment two groups of calves, with six animals in each, were fed acidified whole milk, which was diluted stage by stage till weaning at 60 days of age. The average live weight gain in the control at the end of the milk feeding period, i.e. from 14 to 60 days of age, was 29.90 kg. This corresponds to a daily live weight gain of 0.650 g. The total live weight gain of male calves in the experimental group was 29.30 kg, corresponding to a daily live weight gain of 0.638 g (Tab. I). Tab. II shows the average feed and nutrient intakes per kg live weight gain. The calves which received the enzyme supplement tend to have the higher feed conversion rate. During the forage feeding period, i.e. from 61 to 90 days of age, the average daily live weight gains were 1.10 kg and 0.980 kg in the control and experimental groups, respectively (Tab. III). The average live weight of 90 days old male calves was 107.70 kg and 103.90 kg in the control and experimental groups, respectively. The amount of consumed nutrients (digestible protein and starch units); in relation to the total feed intakes, is lower in the experimental groups, which proves the higher feed conversion rate (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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为研究探讨初乳饲喂次数对娟姗犊牛生产性能的影响,试验选取初生重接近的健康娟姗犊牛20 头,随机分为4 组,分别为对照组、试验I组、II组和III组,每组5 头犊牛,试验期为60 天。4 组犊牛出生当日饲喂两次初乳,首次初乳量按照体重的10.0%进行灌服,第2次初乳于出生后6~8 h按照体重的5.0%进行饲喂。4 组犊牛出生当日在产房饲养,2日龄时均转为室外犊牛岛单栏饲养。2日龄后,对照组每天上午06:00和下午16:00时各饲喂常乳1次,2~6日龄每次饲喂1.50 L,7~20日龄每次饲喂1.80 L,21~35日龄每次饲喂2.50 L,36~60日龄每次饲喂3.00 L,自7日龄开始犊牛自由采食颗粒料。试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别继续饲喂初乳至犊牛2日龄、4日龄、6日龄后再饲喂常乳,饲喂时间和饲喂量与对照组一致。结果表明:(1)在饲喂初乳后48 h、72 h、96 h,试验组与对照组犊牛血清免疫球蛋白g(IgG)均差异显著(p<0.05),120 h、144 h、168 h,试验Ⅰ组与对照组比较,犊牛血清IgG含量差异不显著(p>0.05),试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组血清IgG含量与对照组相比,差异极显著(p<0.01)。(2)随着初乳饲喂次数的增加,可有效降低犊牛20日龄内腹泻发生率,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组较对照组比较犊牛腹泻发生率分别降低9.5%、22.5%、36.5%,治疗犊牛腹泻总成本较对照组分别下降12.0 元、43.2 元、76.8 元,3 组试验组犊牛成活率为100.0%。(3)初乳饲喂次数的增加,使0~60日龄娟姗犊牛平均日增重(ADG)升高,试验组与对照组相比较,日增重均差异极显著(p<0.01),分别增加16.7 g、33.3 g、80.0 g。试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组较试验Ⅰ组ADG差异也极显著(p<0.01)。综合考虑,建议娟姗犊牛饲喂初乳至6日龄,可降低犊牛腹泻发生率、减少治疗费用,提高犊牛成活率及ADG。 相似文献
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Domenico Vecchio Rossella Di Palo Esterina De Carlo Luigi Esposito Giorgio Antonio Presicce Alessandra Martucciello Emilio Chiosi Pasquale Rossi Gianluca Neglia Giuseppe Campanile 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(8):1697-1702
Growth, weight at birth and daily weight gain (DWG) on 12 water buffalo calves, starting from 6 days of age until completion of weaning, was investigated in this study. Different feeding regimens were given to two groups of animals with regard to daily milk replacer: (1) group 1 (G1) received a double concentration in single administration; whereas (2) group 2 (G2) received the same amount of milk replacer split twice daily. Blood samples were collected from each calf on days 6, 30, 60 and 90 to evaluate acute phase proteins (haptoglobin), bactericide activity, lysozime, total protein content and biochemical parameters. No differences were observed between the two groups in terms of dry matter intake, feed efficiency and live body weight at the end of the study. Interestingly, a significantly (P?<?0.05) reduced DWG was observed earlier in G1 (day 45) than in G2 (day 60). Gastrointestinal disorders were not recorded throughout the experimental period, and no significant differences were recorded between the two groups for all considered parameters. This study confirms the possibility of utilising one daily administration of milk replacer in water buffalo calf during weaning. This new approach facilitates calves management, without interfering with calves growing performances. 相似文献
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30头新生荷斯坦奶公犊出生日期和体重相近,随机分成6组,对照组按常规饲喂鲜牛奶,60日龄断奶;各试验组分别于10、20、30、40和50日龄断奶,试验期为60d。结果表明:试验结束时,20日龄断奶组、30日龄断奶组的体重、平均日增重均显著高于对照组,40日龄断奶组、50日龄断奶组与对照组间无明显差异;各试验组犊牛与对照组在体长和体斜长上无显著差异。 相似文献
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《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(4):1296-1302
In systematically considering the advantages and disadvantages of complementarity in high or low milk feeding, novel milk feeding schemes involving altering the volume of supplied milk in different stages of the pre-weaning period but maintaining the total milk feeding volume were tested. Twenty-seven newborn male Holstein calves were selected and randomly assigned to 3 treatments. Calves in the control (CON) group were fed 7 L of milk daily from 4 to 66 d of age. Calves in the low-high (LH) group were fed 6 L of milk daily at the beginning, and then the daily feeding volume was later increased to 7 to 8 L of milk, which served as the early-period low-volume feeding group. The calves in the high-low (HL) group were fed 7 to 8 L daily at the beginning, and then the daily feeding volume was decreased to 6 L of milk, which served as the early-period high-volume feeding group. Then all calves were fed 3 L of milk daily from 67 to 70 d of age, weaned at 70 d of age, and then fed starter feed to 100 d of age. All calves had access to the starter feed from 15 to 100 d of age. The diarrheal condition of calves was recorded daily and the growth performance including the starter feed intake and body weight of calves was recorded at 70 and 100 d of age. Then, five 100-d-old calves from each treatment were sampled for measurement of plasma indices, ruminal morphology, and volatile fatty acids. When compared with the CON and LH groups, calves in the HL group exhibited a significantly increased body weight and lower diarrhoeal rate. When compared with the CON group, calves in the HL group exhibited a significantly increased average daily feed intake, ruminal epithelium papillae length, total volatile fatty acids, and percentages of propionate and butyrate. Moreover, the significantly increased plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) content and a trend of decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content (P = 0.083) were also identified in the HL group when compared with the CON group. Overall, the early-period high-volume feeding for calves produced greater body weight gain and a lower incidence of diarrhea. 相似文献
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Effects of weaning age and milk feeding frequency on dairy calf growth, health and rumen parameters 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Various methods can be used to feed dairy calves that may influence calf performance and these include changing frequency of feeding or age at weaning. Two trials were conducted to determine effects of feeding frequency and weaning age on calf growth, health and rumen development, where 124 Holstein heifer and bull calves were weaned at 3, 4, 5 or 6 weeks of age. During Trial 1, milk replacer (12.5% DM; 22% CP, 15.6% fat) was fed at 10% BW twice per day until 1 week prior to weaning when intake was reduced to 5% BW. During Trial 2 calves were fed at 10% BW in two feedings until 14 days, then at 10% BW once daily until 1 week prior to weaning when milk replacer was reduced to 5% BW. Blood glucose and urea nitrogen, BW 4 h post-feeding, heart girth, hip height, and withers height 4 h post-feeding were obtained weekly. Growth and structural measurements were similar for all treatments up to 8 weeks of age in both trials. Blood constituents and health observations were not different between trials. Similar growth and performance between treatments in both trials through 8 weeks of age indicate that calf performance is not affected by weaning early and feeding once daily. 相似文献
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【目的】 本研究通过比较不同断奶模式对犊牦牛生长发育、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响,以期探索科学的犊牦牛早期培育模式。【方法】 选取体重相近、健康的新生犊牦牛24头,随机分为3个处理组,每组8头,公母各半。对照组（GF）犊牦牛出生后在天然牧场内随母放牧哺乳;早期断奶组（EW）犊牦牛随母放牧哺乳至15日龄时隔离母犊,逐渐过渡为饲喂代乳粉,提供开食料及天然牧草自由采食,至犊牦牛固体饲料采食量达到0.5 kg/d时停喂代乳粉,90日龄后停喂开食料转入天然牧场放牧饲养;早期断奶＋益生菌组（EWP）断奶过程同EW组,并在代乳粉、开食料中添加复合益生菌（乳酸杆菌、芽孢杆菌、酵母菌,≥9.98×1011 CFU/g）。分别于犊牦牛30、60、90、150日龄时测定体重及体尺指标,于30、60、90日龄晨饲前采集犊牦牛颈静脉血,测定血清中生化指标、激素、免疫球蛋白水平及抗氧化能力指标。【结果】 30日龄时,EW、EWP组犊牦牛体重、体尺,血清葡萄糖（GLU）、甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（CHO）,生长激素（GH）、胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）,以及免疫球蛋白A （IgA）、免疫球蛋白G （IgG）水平均显著低于GF组（P<0.05）,EW组皮质醇水平显著高于GF组（P<0.05）;60~150日龄各组犊牦牛体重、体尺均无显著差异（P>0.05）;60日龄时,EW、EWP组犊牦牛血清IGF-1以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH）含量均显著高于GF组（P<0.05）;90日龄时EW、EWP组犊牦牛血清GLU、尿素氮（BUN）、IGF-1、甲状腺素（T4）及IgA水平均显著高于GF组（P<0.05）,且EWP组血清TG、GH含量及过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均显著高于GF组（P<0.05）。【结论】 与随母放牧哺乳模式相比,两种早期断奶方式在断奶初期（30日龄）对犊牦牛均产生了一定负面影响,但在断奶后补饲代乳粉与开食料有利于改善犊牦牛后期的生长发育、营养代谢、机体免疫与抗氧化能力,且补充益生菌能够缓解犊牦牛的早期断奶应激,并对犊牦牛生长发育及抗氧化能力的提升有进一步促进作用。 相似文献
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Two different feeding regimens for calves (age up to 21 days) suffering from acute diarrhea were evaluated with respect to course of illness and change in body weight. The patients of the experimental group were given whole milk ad libitum three times a day. The patients of the control group were offered whole milk at a rate of 13% their body mass per day divided into three meals. In addition, both groups were offered an oral rehydration solution at a rate 9.5% of body mass per day, also divided into three portions. Data from 60 calves (30 in both groups) were available for statistical analysis. The duration of illness in the experimental group was 10.9 +/- 6.0 days vs. 10.0 +/- 5.2 days in the control group. The daily increase of body mass in the experimental group averaged 0.607 +/- 0.452 kg, the one in the control group 0.230 +/- 0.231 kg (p = 0.0002). The calves of the experimental group required 13.16 +/- 11.18 I milk per kg weight gain, the calves of the control group 21.39 +/- 12.80 I. Six calves of the experimental group and two calves of the control group subsequently had a relapse. On the basis of the results obtained, a feeding regimen for calves suffering from acute diarrhea is suggested. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究饲喂含β-内酰胺类药物有抗奶对荷斯坦公犊牛生长发育和血液免疫指标的影响。选用3日龄、体重（42.64 kg±1.16 kg）相近的公犊牛18头,随机分为2组。对照组饲喂正常牛奶,试验组饲喂有抗奶,犊牛60日龄断奶,试验期为180 d。试验第10、20、30、40和50天分别采集正常牛奶和有抗奶,测定乳成分、大肠杆菌数和乳中抗生素含量。试验第30、60、90和180天逐头空腹称重,测量体尺,并计算平均日增重（ADG）。试验第7、15、30、60、90和180天于晨饲前对公犊牛空腹静脉采血,制备血清,测定血清免疫指标。结果显示：①试验牛场有抗奶中β-内酰胺类抗生素含量为268.65 μg/L,且有抗奶的乳蛋白含量、体细胞数（SCC）和大肠杆菌数显著高于正常牛奶（P<0.05）;②饲喂有抗奶显著降低公犊牛第30天时的体重和试验60 d内的ADG（P<0.05）,显著降低公犊牛第90天时的体长及第60和90天时的胸围（P<0.05）;③与对照组相比,试验组公犊牛IgA在第30、60和90天时显著升高（P<0.05）,IgM在第7天时显著升高（P<0.05）,IgG在第30和60天时显著升高（P<0.05）;IL-2和TNF-α在第15和30天时均显著升高（P<0.05）。结果提示,饲喂有抗奶明显降低犊牛哺乳前期日增重,且在一定程度上提高犊牛断奶前后的血清免疫指标水平。 相似文献
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为研究四种不同中性洗涤纤维来源的开食料对湖羊羔羊生产性能、采食量及营养物质消化代谢的影响,试验选用初生重(3.47±0.69)kg,日龄相同,健康状况良好的湖羊公羔60只作为试验动物。羔羊0~3日龄吮食母乳,4日龄与母羊分离开始饲喂乳源性代乳粉至28日龄断奶,在7日龄[(3.77±0.46)kg]开始补饲开食料前,采用单因素试验设计将羔羊按同质性原则分为4个处理组,分别为苜蓿干草(AH)组、大豆皮(SH)组、燕麦干草(OH)组和甜菜粕(BP)组,每个处理组15只,试验至70日龄结束。试验开始后分别在10、20、30、40、50、60、70日龄晨饲前称重,计算分析羔羊平均日增重,试验期间每日记录开食料平均日采食量;54~60日龄进行消化代谢试验。结果表明:开食料中不同来源的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)可显著影响羔羊生产性能、采食量和养分消化利用率。饲草来源NDF(FNDF)开食料显著提高了湖羊羔羊的生产性能和采食量,而非饲草来源NDF(Non-FNDF)开食料干物质(DM)消化率更高。从20~70日龄,AH组羔羊体重较其他三组更有优势;断奶前7~28日龄羔羊DM、代谢能(ME)、粗蛋白质(CP)、NDF和淀粉的采食量存在显著差异(P<0.05),断奶后29~70日龄和全期7~70日龄,AH组和OH组平均日增重和各种养分采食量显著高于SH组(P<0.05);BP组DM表观消化率显著高于AH组(P<0.05),BP组NDF表观消化率显著高于其他三组(P<0.05)。综上所述,不同来源NDF开食料对湖羊羔羊生产性能、采食量和养分消化利用产生较大影响,以苜蓿作为NDF来源的开食料可以提高羔羊生产性能和采食量,而以甜菜粕作为NDF来源可以提高养分消化利用率。 相似文献
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热带假丝酵母菌与桑叶黄酮对犊牛营养物质代谢和瘤胃发酵的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文旨在研究饲粮中添加热带假丝酵母菌(CT)与桑叶黄酮(MLF)对断奶前后犊牛能量与氮代谢、瘤胃微生物蛋白合成以及瘤胃发酵的影响。选取(20±2)日龄中国荷斯坦公犊牛48头,随机分为4组,对照组(CON)饲喂基础饲粮,断奶前为代乳品和开食料,断奶后为开食料;CT组在基础饲粮中添加CT;MLF组添加MLF;CM组添加CT和MLF。犊牛于56日龄断奶(代乳品),试验期60 d。分别于犊牛28、42、56和80日龄采集瘤胃液,35和63日龄进行消化代谢试验。结果表明:与CT组相比,CM组犊牛断奶前代谢能显著提高(P0.05),较CON组,断奶后CM组氮利用率显著提高(P0.05);断奶前MLF组较CON和CT组氮的生物学价值显著提高(P0.05)。与CON组相比,CT组显著提高了28~80日龄瘤胃液p H和56、80日龄瘤胃液微生物蛋白含量(P0.05),CT、MLF和CM组瘤胃液氨态氮浓度无显著变化(P0.05);与CON组相比,56日龄M LF组总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和丁酸含量显著提高(P0.05);42日龄乙酸/丙酸CT和MLF组较CON组有提高的趋势(P=0.090),各组间乙酸和戊酸含量无显著差异(P0.05)。结果提示,饲粮添加CT有助于改善断奶前犊牛瘤胃液p H和促进瘤胃微生物蛋白的合成;添加CT和MLF有助于提高断奶前犊牛饲粮代谢能和氮的生物学价值,提高断奶后犊牛总能代谢率和氮的利用率,降低粪能和总排出氮量,同时具有改善瘤胃发酵的作用,并且CT与MLF联合使用效果优于单一添加。 相似文献
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Bhatti SA Ahmed MF Wynn PC McGill D Sarwar M Afzal M Ullah E Khan MA Khan MS Bush R Warriach HM Khan A 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):819-826
The objective was to study the growth potential of Sahiwal calves given milk or milk replacer with or without concentrates. For this purpose, forty-eight Sahiwal calves were divided into four groups of 12 animals each with equal sex ratio. In each group, the calves were offered either milk or a milk replacer (MR) at a rate of 10% of their body weight adjusted weekly. In addition to this, calves were fed either a starter ration plus Egyptian clover hay (SR + H) or hay only (H) until the end of trial. The milk or MR was withdrawn gradually from day 56 until animals were weaned completely by day 84. Calves offered milk grew faster than those offered MR (357 ± 9 vs. 162 ± 9 g/day; p < 0.05) and displayed higher weaning weights (51.6 ± 0.8 vs. 35.2 ± 0.8 kg; p < 0.05). The calves offered SR + H grew faster (311 ± 9 vs. 208 ± 9 g/day; p < 0.05) and displayed higher weaning weights (48.7 ± 0.8 vs. 38.1 ± 0.8 kg; p < 0.05) than those fed H alone. Calves offered milk plus SR + H showed the highest growth rate and weaning weights (401 ± 13 g/day and 56.3 ± 1 kg, respectively). The lowest growth rate and weaning weights were observed in calves offered MR and H only (115 ± 13 g/day and 30.3 ± 1 kg, respectively). Calves offered the MR had higher number of scour days than those offered milk (13.5 vs. 3.3). The feeding of whole milk in combination with the starter ration and hay resulted in superior growth rates, higher weaning weights, and healthier calves than the other feeding regimens. 相似文献
15.
本试验在湿热条件下,探究饲喂不同物理形态的开食料对犊牛生长发育、瘤胃发酵及血液指标的影响。试验采用36头荷斯坦母犊牛,随机分为3组(每组12头),分别自由采食颗粒状开食料(PSA)、粉末状开食料(PSB)和多颗粒状开食料(TS)。试验期63 d,其中1~42日龄为正常饲喂牛奶时期(断奶前期);43~49日龄为断奶期;50~63日龄为断奶后期。开食料从犊牛5日龄开始自由采食。在1、42、49以及63日龄晨饲前进行采血和称重,49和63日龄晨饲前胃管法采集瘤胃液。试验期间每天记录采食量和温湿度指数。结果表明,在湿热环境下:1)断奶期和断奶后2周TS组开食料干物质采食量、平均日增重和重料比高于PSA和PSB组,PSB组最低,但差异不显著(P0.05)。2)TS组犊牛初次反刍时间较PSA组提前3.8日龄,较PSB组提前4.7日龄,差异均显著(P0.05)。63日龄时,TS组瘤胃液氨氮含量显著低于PSA组(P0.05)。3)42日龄时PSA组犊牛血液免疫球蛋白G含量显著高于TS组(P0.05)。4)TS组犊牛初始腹泻时间较PSA和PSB组分别晚0.44和1.75日龄,但无统计学差异(P0.05),TS组腹泻率最低。综合得出,湿热环境下,多颗粒状开食料较颗粒状开食料和粉末状开食料更能促进犊牛的生长发育,使犊牛尽早产生反刍行为,从而加快瘤胃功能的完善 相似文献
16.
为研究饲喂模式对犊牛肠道及胰腺内消化酶活性的影响。试验选择24头体重和出生日期相近的犊牛,随机分成2组,每组12头,其中Ⅰ组采用传统饲喂模式(干草+粉状开食料),4 d开始补充开食料,10 d开始补充苜蓿干草,干草自由采食。Ⅱ组采用现代饲喂模式(颗粒型开食料)犊牛于4 d开始补充开食料。60 d断奶。各组分别在0、15、30、60 d屠宰3头犊牛。结果表明:Ⅰ组犊牛中性洗涤纤维以及酸性洗涤纤维日均摄入量均显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),粗蛋白、消化能、粗脂肪、钙和磷的日均摄入量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅱ组犊牛小肠以及胰腺内淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶均高于Ⅰ组,尤其是胰蛋白酶以及糜蛋白酶在60 d时显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。结果提示,断奶前饲喂颗粒开食料有利于促进犊牛小肠以及胰腺内消化酶的分泌,利于提高犊牛对饲料的消化利用率。 相似文献
17.
Warnock TM Thrift TA Irsik M Hersom MJ Yelich JV Maddock TD Lamb GC Arthington JD 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(7):2345-2352
The objective of this experiment was to examine the effect of castration technique on daily feed intake (DFI), daily water intake (DWI), growth performance, residual feed intake (RFI), and inflammatory response in weaned beef calves. Seventy-five beef calves (214 ± 3.2 kg; 200 ± 26 d of age) were housed in a GrowSafe 4000 feed intake facility 7 d post weaning (15 calves/pen). Calves were offered a total mixed ration (TDN = 67.3% and CP = 12.2%, DM = 89%) for ad libitum consumption. On d 0, calves were assigned to 1 of 5 treatments (n = 15 calves/treatment): 1) steers castrated surgically pre-weaning (52 d of age; CON); 2) intact bulls (BULL); 3) bulls castrated by the Callicrate Bander on d 0 (No-Bull Enterprises LLC.; BAN); 4) bulls castrated by the Henderson Castrating Tool on d 0 (Stone Mfg & Supply Co.; HEN); and 5) bulls castrated surgically utilizing an emasculator on d 0 (SUR). Average daily gain, DFI, and DWI were recorded over 84 d. Blood was collected from a sub-sample of calves (n = 45) on d 0, 2, 6, 9, 12, and 15 relative to castration. Castration decreased (P = 0.06) ADG for castrates compared with CON from d 0 to 14 but not d 0 to 84. Daily feed intake and DWI were similar (P > 0.10) among treatments during d 0 to 84. Gain:feed was not affected by castration technique; however, RFI tended (P = 0.09) to be negative for CON and BULL compared with castrates on d 0 to 14 but not d 0 to 84. Acute phase protein analyses indicated that surgical castration (SUR or HEN) elicited a short-term inflammatory response in calves, whereas calves castrated with BAN elicited a delayed response. Calves castrated pre-weaning had improved d 0 to 14 ADG, feed intake, and inflammation response compared with calves castrated at weaning. Banding elicited a delayed negative response in ADG, DWI, and inflammation. In weaned calves, castration method did not affect performance, DFI, DWI, or inflammatory response during the 84-d trial. 相似文献
18.
本试验旨在研究不同饲喂方式对断奶前犊牛生长性能的影响。试验选择46头体重和出生日期相近的犊牛,随机分成两组,每组23头。其中,Ⅰ组采用传统饲喂模式(粉状开食料+干草+牛奶),从4日龄开始补充粉状开食料,10日龄开始补充苜蓿干草和精饲料,干草自由采食;Ⅱ组采用现代饲喂模式(颗粒型开食料+牛奶),从4日龄开始补充颗料型开食料。两组均60日龄断奶。结果表明,Ⅰ组犊牛日均干物质采食量显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),但两组的平均日增重、体高、体斜长、胸围、前管围均无显著差异(P>0.05);血清中葡萄糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)水平组间无差异(P>0.05),45d、60dⅡ组总蛋白(TP)浓度显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),45dⅠ组尿素氮(BUN)显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);Ⅱ组CP、EE和P的表观消化率显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅱ组犊牛腹泻率(2.39%)低于Ⅰ组(3.12%)。试验表明,断奶前饲喂颗粒开食料有利于降低犊牛腹泻的发生率,提高犊牛对固体饲料的适应性。 相似文献
19.
Mitsuru KAMIYA Masatoshi MATSUZAKI Hideki ORITO Yuko KAMIYA Yoshi‐nori NAKAMURA Eisaku TSUNEISHI 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(6):662-668
The objective was to evaluate effects of feeding level of milk replacer on body growth, plasma metabolite and insulin concentrations, and allometric growth of visceral organs in suckling calves. Holstein bull calves (n = 8; 3–4 days of age) were fed either a low amount (average 0.63 kgDM/day, LM) or high amount (average 1.15 kgDM/day, HM) of high protein milk replacer until they were slaughtered at 6 weeks of age. Body weight (BW) at 4, 5, and 6 weeks of age, feed intake, average daily gain, and feed efficiency were higher in the HM than LM calves. The HM group had higher plasma glucose at 3 and 4 weeks of age and insulin levels after the age of 4 weeks compared with LM calves whereas no effect was detected on plasma nonesterified fatty acid or urea nitrogen concentrations. The HM calves had greater empty body weight (EBW), viscera‐free BW and most of the organs dissected than LM calves. Relative weights (% of EBW) of liver, spleen, kidneys, and internal fat were higher, whereas head and large intestine was lower in HM than LM calves. The results suggest that increased milk feeding levels would accelerate the growth of the body and specific organs. 相似文献
20.
Godden SM Fetrow JP Feirtag JM Green LR Wells SJ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(9):1547-1554
OBJECTIVE: To determine growth, morbidity, and mortality rates in dairy calves fed pasteurized nonsaleable milk versus commercial milk replacer and compare economics of feeding pasteurized nonsaleable milk versus commercial milk replacer in dairy calves. DESIGN: Clinical trial. ANIMALS: 438 dairy calves. PROCEDURE: Calves were assigned at 1 to 2 days of age to be fed pasteurized nonsaleable milk or a commercial milk replacer until weaned. Body weight was measured at the time of study enrollment and at the time of weaning, and any medical treatments administered and deaths that occurred prior to weaning were recorded. A partial budget model was developed to examine the economics of feeding pasteurized nonsaleable milk versus commercial milk replacer. RESULTS: Calves fed conventional milk replacer had significantly lower rates of gain (-0.12 kg/d [-0.26 lb/d]), lower weaning weights (-5.6 kg [-12.3 lb]), higher risk for treatment during the summer and winter months (odds ratio [OR], 3.99), and higher risk of death during the winter months (OR, 29.81) than did calves fed pasteurized nonsaleable milk. The estimated savings of feeding pasteurized nonsaleable milk, compared with milk replacer, was dollars 0.69/calf per day. The estimated number of calves needed to economically justify the nonsaleable milk pasteurization system was 23 calves/d. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that dairy calves fed pasteurized nonsaleable milk have a higher growth rate and lower morbidity and mortality rates than do calves fed conventional milk replacer. Feeding pasteurized nonsaleable milk could be an economically viable strategy for dairy calf producers. 相似文献