共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 515 毫秒
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2005~2006年连续两年对引进苗种养成的塞内加尔鳎Solea senegalensis全人工养殖亲鱼进行了繁育技术研究。两年间分别在威海和海阳两个实验基地共对33尾成熟雌鱼进行了LHRH-a肌肉注射催产和人工采卵授精,正常获产31尾,共获得受精卵7·3×106粒,平均受精率为64·3%,受精卵的平均孵化率为80·5%。两个实验基地分别培育出全长21~33mm苗种249万尾和全长22~36mm苗种112万尾,苗种培育成活率分别达到62·7%和58·2%。本研究成功地通过人工催产的方法,稳定获得塞内加尔鳎批量受精卵,并达到苗种生产量连续超过100万尾的规模化育苗水平。 相似文献
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根据2010-2015年在靖海湾与五垒岛湾进行的海蜇(Phopilema esculentum)放流前本底调查和放流后跟踪调查结果,对比分析靖海湾与五垒岛湾海蜇苗种的放流密度及成活率。结果表明,靖海湾与五垒岛湾海蜇自然群体资源量均较低,放流群体贡献率非常大。2010-2015年靖海湾海蜇苗种放流密度为(26.92~30.96)×10~4尾·km~(-2),平均为29.45×10~4尾·km~(-2),五垒岛湾海蜇苗种放流密度为(23.05~25.14)×10~4尾·km~(-2),平均为23.97×10~4尾·km~(-2),对比结果表明靖海湾年放流密度均高于五垒岛湾。近6年,靖海湾海蜇苗种成活率分别为0.25%~0.83%,平均为0.51%,五垒岛湾苗种成活率分别为0.31%~0.96%,平均为0.67%,五垒岛湾放流苗种成活率略高于靖海湾。通过靖海湾与五垒岛湾海蜇放流效果对比分析,海蜇苗种成活率与自然群体资源量、海蜇放流密度及海蜇苗种规格等因素有很大的关系。本研究可为山东半岛南部海蜇资源的修复和管理提供参考依据。 相似文献
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在白塑料桶和水泥池中进行了雨生红球藻诱变株1号大量培养试验,温度为14~18.5℃,结果为:桶接种密度分别为8.1×103个/ml、6.5×103个/ml、6.6×103个/ml,经过12 d的培养,密度分别为14.7×104个/ml、14.3×104个/ml、14.7×104个/ml;水泥池接种密度分别为2.0×103个/ml、5.1×103个/ml、3.5×103个/ml,经过11 d的培养,密度分别为7.9×104个/ml、10.0×104个/ml、9.2×104个/ml。动细胞藻密度分别为8.2×104个/ml、14.7×104个/ml、22.4×104个/ml,收获到湿藻1616 g/m31、768 g/m32、488 g/m3,干藻86 g/m39、2 g/m31、32 g/m3;不动细胞藻密度分别为4.4×104个/ml、18.9×104个/ml,收获到湿藻1921 g/m3、4677 g/m3,干藻138 g/m3、342 g/m3。 相似文献
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福建水口电站建成后,闽江河道变宽,水流变缓,水质变肥,小型野杂鱼虾增多,十分有利于鳜鱼的繁衍生长。库区群众采捕、收购野生苗种进行网箱养殖,充分利用丰富的饵料鱼资源,在3m×3m×2m的网箱中放养尾重50g左右的鱼种200尾/箱,经过6个多月的饲养尾重可增至500g左右,平均单个网箱 相似文献
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福建水口电站建成后,闽江河道变宽、水流变缓、水质变肥、小型野杂鱼、虾增多,十分有利于鳜鱼的繁衍生长。库区群众采捕、收购野生苗种进行网箱养殖,利用丰富的饵料鱼资源,在3m×3m×2m的网箱中放养尾重50g左右的鱼种200尾/箱,经6个多月的饲养,尾重可增至500g左右,平均单个网箱 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
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Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献
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T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Effects of cortisol on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism and responsiveness to hormones in the sea raven,Hemitripterus americanus 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The sea raven, Hemitripterus americanus, is a sit-and-wait, low metabolic rate, marine teleost. The objective of this study was to determine i) whether cortisol implantation (50 mg. kg-1) for 7 days altered hepatocyte metabolism, and hepatocyte responsiveness to epinephrine, glucagon and insulin, and ii) whether 8 weeks of food-deprivation modified the above response. Cortisol implantation significantly increased hepatocyte
total glucose production and oxidation from alanine compared to the sham group. There was no cortisol effect on glycogen breakdown,
suggesting that the activation of other pathways, including gluconeogenesis, are required to account for the increased glucose
production. Epinephrine-mediated (10-5M) glycogen breakdown and insulin-mediated (10-8M) total glucose production were enhanced in hepatocytes of cortisol implanted sea ravens, but there were no change in any
glucagon (10-7M) effects. The enhanced glycogen breakdown in the absence of similar increases in total glucose production with epinephrine
indicates mobilization of carbohydrate reserves for endogenous use by the liver.
Food-deprivation for 8 weeks significantly decreased condition factor, plasma cortisol concentration and liver glycogen content
in the sea raven, but had no effect on plasma glucose concentration. Hepatocyte total glucose production and flux rates from
alanine increased significantly with food-deprivation. Moreover, food-deprivation increased responsiveness of total hepatocyte
glucose production to the actions of glucagon and insulin, but not to epinephrine; none of these effects were modified by
cortisol implantation.
Our results indicate that cortisol in the sea raven exerts both a direct and an indirect or permissive effect on hepatocyte
metabolism by modifying hepatocyte responsiveness to epinephrine and insulin stimulation. Cortisol implantation did not modify
the effects of glucagon or food-deprivation in this species. 相似文献
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Simulation and quantification of enrichment and retention processes in the southern Benguela upwelling ecosystem 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
CHRISTOPHE LETT CLAUDE ROY ANNE LEVASSEUR CARL D. VAN DER LINGEN CHRISTIAN MULLON 《Fisheries Oceanography》2006,15(5):363-372
Important environmental processes for the survival and recruitment of early life stages of pelagic fishes have been synthesized through Bakun's fundamental triad as enrichment, concentration and retention processes (A. Bakun, 1996, Patterns in the Ocean. Ocean Processes and Marine Population Dynamics. San Diego, CA, USA: University of California Sea Grant). This conceptual framework states that from favourable spawning habitats, eggs and larvae would be transported to and/or retained in places where food originating from enrichment areas would be concentrated. We propose a method for quantifying two of the triad processes, enrichment and retention, based on the Lagrangian tracking of particles transported within water velocity fields generated by a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model. We apply this method to the southern Benguela upwelling ecosystem, constructing putative maps of enrichment and retention. We comment on these maps regarding main features of the circulation in the region, and investigate seasonal variability of the processes. We finally discuss the results in relation to available knowledge on the reproductive strategies of two pelagic clupeoid species abundant in the southern Benguela, anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardinops sagax). Our approach is intended to be sufficiently generic so as to allow its application to other upwelling systems. 相似文献
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This study evaluated the effects of three levels of loading density (200, 300 and 400 g L−1) and four levels of duration (1, 3, 6 and 9 h) on the mortality, plasma cortisol and chloride levels and growth of rohu Labeo
rohita fingerlings in a transport simulation. While total immediate mortality was low (4–12%), delayed mortality was high (27–49%).
Initial capture and handling were found to constitute the most stressful phase as indicated by elevated plasma cortisol. The
levels of cortisol continued to rise at 6 and 9 h after transport, with the highest level observed at 9 h after transport.
The level of plasma chloride fell after transport across all density levels and treatment durations. Specific growth rate
(SGR, %/day) and total bacterial density (cfu/g) were not different between and within treatments, and between treatments
and the controls. This study demonstrates that transport has a profound effect on the stress responses of rohu fingerlings.
Although the level of immediate mortality was low, the higher level of delayed mortality has serious implications in terms
of production inefficiency for grow-out farmers. 相似文献
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Gabrielle C. Canonico Angela Arthington Jeffrey K. McCrary Michele L. Thieme 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2005,15(5):463-483
- 1. The common name ‘tilapia’ refers to a group of tropical freshwater fish in the family Cichlidae (Oreochromis, Tilapia, and Sarotherodon spp.) that are indigenous to Africa and the southwestern Middle East. Since the 1930s, tilapias have been intentionally dispersed worldwide for the biological control of aquatic weeds and insects, as baitfish for certain capture fisheries, for aquaria, and as a food fish. They have most recently been promoted as an important source of protein that could provide food security for developing countries without the environmental problems associated with terrestrial agriculture. In addition, market demand for tilapia in developed countries such as the United States is growing rapidly.
- 2. Tilapias are well‐suited to aquaculture because they are highly prolific and tolerant to a range of environmental conditions. They have come to be known as the ‘aquatic chicken’ because of their potential as an affordable, high‐yield source of protein that can be easily raised in a range of environments — from subsistence or ‘backyard’ units to intensive fish hatcheries. In some countries, particularly in Asia, nearly all of the introduced tilapias produced are consumed domestically; tilapias have contributed to basic food security for such societies.
- 3. This review indicates that tilapia species are highly invasive and exist under feral conditions in every nation in which they have been cultured or introduced. Thus, the authors have concluded that, despite potential or observed benefits to human society, tilapia aquaculture and open‐water introductions cannot continue unchecked without further exacerbating damage to native fish species and biodiversity. Recommendations include restricting tilapia culture to carefully managed, contained ponds, although exclusion is preferred when it is feasible. Research into culture of indigenous species is also recommended.