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魁蚶（Scapharcabroughtonii），俗称赤贝，是一种大型、经济价值较高的贝类，其软体部的加工品“赤贝肉”，具有较高的出口创汇价值。近几年，我们利用夏秋季育苗场相对空闲时间进行魁蚶常温育苗，取得了较好效果。一、亲贝选择１．亲贝的采捕时间因不同海区水温和饵料条件的差异，魁蚶的性腺发育程度也不尽相同，一般在海区底层水温升至２０～２５℃时性腺逐渐进入成熟排放期。我国的黄海北部海区７～８月份为产卵盛期，故常温育苗多在７～８月份采捕亲贝。２．亲贝的选择方法选择壳长７～１０厘米、外形完整无损伤的魁蚶作亲贝。解剖检… 相似文献
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为探究性类固醇激素合成相关基因17β-羟类固醇脱氢酶14(17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 14,17β-HSD14)在魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)性腺发育过程中的作用,本研究从魁蚶转录组中筛选并验证了17β-HSD14基因序列,通过原位杂交和实时荧光定量PCR检测了该基因在魁蚶中的组织定位及性腺发育过程中表达变化规律。结果显示：17β-HSD14基因的编码区序列长度为822 bp,编码273个氨基酸;原位杂交实验在魁蚶卵巢的成熟卵细胞、滤泡壁和精巢中的精原细胞、精子以及其他组织的细胞中都检测到了17β-HSD14基因的阳性杂交信号;qRT-PCR结果表明,17β-HSD14基因的表达随其性腺发育而产生变化,在形成期(Ⅰ期)到增殖期(Ⅱ期)的过程中呈上升趋势,成熟期(Ⅲ期)至耗尽期(Ⅴ期)呈下降趋势,且在卵巢组织中的表达量显著高于精巢组织。综上,17β-HSD14基因与魁蚶的性腺发育密切相关,可能对其性腺发育、功能维持和成熟具有重要的作用。 相似文献
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魁蚶亲贝控温促熟试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
首次研究了魁蚶亲贝性腺室内控温促熟技术，３月中旬亲入池，人工控温，强化饲育２５－２８天，４月中下旬性腺成熟，排放精卵，比自然界提前３个月左右，水温１６℃以上是魁蚶亲贝性腺成熟的迅速期。１９９１年１１月专家鉴定认为，本研究属国内首次，居国内先进水平。 相似文献
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山东沿海魁蚶繁殖周期与生化成分的周年变化 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
自2010年10月至2011年9月,对山东省鳌山卫海区魁蚶的繁殖周期、生化成分的季节变化及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究。每月采集样品1次,测定采样点水温和叶绿素a含量,采用组织学方法分析性腺的季节变化,并分别测定外套膜、闭壳肌、性腺—内脏团和足组织的生化成分(糖原、脂肪和蛋白质)含量。结果表明,该海区魁蚶雌雄比例为1∶1,雌雄性腺发育同步,全年只有1个繁殖期;配子发生始于2月,分别有25.0%和53.9%的雌雄个体性腺进入形成期,随水温和叶绿素a含量的升高而发育,6月大部分个体成熟并有部分进入排放期,至8月配子集中排放(雌:58.3%;雄:69.2%)。生化分析显示,脂肪含量在性腺—内脏团中随性腺发育积累储存,产卵后显著降低;所有组织中的糖原含量在3—7月显著高于其它月份,并且性腺中的含量高于其他组织,于5月达最大值64.2%,表明糖原在魁蚶繁殖活动中具有重要作用;蛋白质含量在除闭壳肌外的其他3种组织中出现冬季和产卵盛期两个低谷,暗示蛋白质能够弥补糖原的供能不足,与繁殖活动存在密切联系。 相似文献
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文蛤的性腺发育和生殖周期 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
应用组织学方法对浙南池塘养殖的文蛤的性腺发育、生殖周期和肥满度进行了周年变化的研究。结果表明,文蛤的性腺发育具有典型双壳贝类特征,性腺发育过程可分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期、休止期5个时期,并对上述5期的宏观肉眼观察特征及微观切片观察特征进行了描述。浙南池塘养殖的文蛤性腺发育过程以1年为1个周期,成熟排放期在5月下旬至8月中旬,水温21.8～31.0℃,繁殖盛期为6月下旬至7月下旬,水温为25.0～30.0℃。月平均肥满度最高为6月份的8.84%,最低为1月份的3.21%。论文还讨论了1龄文蛤性腺发育、文蛤性腺成熟和排放与积温的关系。 相似文献
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魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)是一种大型、经济贝类,在我国主要分布于渤海及黄海北部。近几年由于过度捕捞,野生资源遭到破坏,自1989年以来,山东、辽宁沿海有关科研和生产单位开始了魁蚶室内人工育苗。笔者自1993年开始从事魁蚶苗种生产,积累了一些经验,现将采取的主要技术措施总结如下:1亲贝选择及采捕挑选壳长7￣12cm的魁蚶做为亲贝,将壳面有蚀孔和受伤的魁蚶剔除,视个体大小,一般每立方水体准备亲贝2￣6个。升温培育在3月中、下旬亲贝入池,室内强化促熟40￣50d,待海湾扇贝出池后产卵。常温培育在5月中、下旬以后进亲贝,亲贝室内促熟20￣… 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Qin-Cheng Huang Di‐Gen Qin Bei‐Ping Tan Tao Du Yuan-Zhi Yang Qi-hui Yang Shu‐Yan Chi Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献