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1.
采用盆栽试验研究了4种镉(Cd)浓度(0,10,25,50 mg/kg)下,刈割次数(1次,2次,3次)对紫花苜蓿生长和Cd累积量的影响及其生理响应。结果发现,多次刈割提高了紫花苜蓿地上部分的生长速率,促进了地上部分生物量的累积,3次刈割下地上部平均生长速率可达61.6 mg/(株·d),但3次刈割显著抑制了根系的生长(P<0.05)。生长季内2次和3次刈割可以促进根系Cd吸收,增加地上部分Cd累积量,进而提高紫花苜蓿Cd富集量,单株最大镉积累量出现在25 mg/kg Cd浓度的2次刈割处理中,达到75.98 μg/株。同时,2次或3次刈割会降低紫花苜蓿相对电导率、MDA含量,增加脯氨酸含量,改善紫花苜蓿在Cd胁迫下的生理状况。综合分析表明,当土壤Cd浓度不高于25 mg/kg时,紫花苜蓿生长季内2次刈割可以提高Cd污染土壤修复效率。  相似文献   

2.
早开堇菜对镉污染的耐性及其富集特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
为研究早开堇菜(Viola prionantha)对镉(Cd)的耐性及其对Cd的富集特征,使用盆栽方法对早开堇菜进行不同浓度水平Cd处理。结果表明,低浓度Cd(≤10 mg·kg-1)促进早开堇菜的生长。当Cd浓度为5 mg·kg-1时,早开堇菜植株地下部分、地上部分生物量显著高于对照(P0.05),达到最大。随Cd处理浓度的升高,其叶绿素含量逐渐下降,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先升高后降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量则先下降后上升。当Cd处理浓度≤10 mg·kg-1时,SOD、POD、CAT表现出较高的活性,与对照无Cd处理相比,MDA含量未显著增加(P0.05),叶绿素合成也未受到显著抑制,说明早开堇菜对Cd污染有较强的耐性。本研究中,早开堇菜对Cd的富集系数和转运系数均大于1.0。当Cd处理浓度为5 mg·kg-1时,早开堇菜植株地上部Cd含量为113.083 mg·kg-1,达到了Cd超富集植物的筛选标准。因此,早开堇菜在修复Cd污染土壤方面具有一定的潜在应用价值。  相似文献   

3.
草地早熟禾对镉胁迫的反应及积累特性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用盆栽的方法研究草地早熟禾对镉(Cd)胁迫的反应及积累特性。结果表明,Cd浓度小于1mg/kg时对草地早熟禾生长影响不大,大于5mg/kg时抑制草地早熟禾生长,Cd浓度小于5mg/kg时草地早熟禾的绿期延长。随着Cd浓度增大,草地早熟禾根系活力、叶绿素含量和含水量逐渐降低,游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量先升高后降低,细胞膜透性逐渐升高。Cd在草地早熟禾体内的分布为根系>地上部分,随着Cd浓度增大,草地早熟禾根系和地上部分Cd含量逐渐升高,富集系数和转运系数逐渐降低;Cd浓度为20mg/kg时草地早熟禾中Cd积累量最大,为3.98mg/m2。综合分析草地早熟禾的生长、生态、生理变化及富集能力表明,草地早熟禾适用于浓度小于1mg/kg的Cd污染土壤的修复。  相似文献   

4.
为探究金盏菊(Calendula officinalis)在镉污染土壤修复中的应用潜力,本研究通过盆栽试验,设定0(CK)、10、30、50、100 mg·kg~(-1) 5个Cd浓度梯度,分析金盏菊在不同浓度Cd胁迫下形态变化、耐性、Cd转移系数和积累特征。结果显示,金盏菊植株在不同浓度Cd胁迫下没有表现出明显的不良状况,株高及生物量随着Cd浓度的增加先增大后减小,在Cd浓度30 mg·kg~(-1)时达到最大值并显著高于CK (P 0.05),100 mg·kg~(-1)与CK无显著差异(P 0.05);每个处理下金盏菊的转移系数均小于1,而地上部富集系数均大于1,金盏菊对重金属Cd的积累量随着土壤中Cd浓度的增加而增大,100 mg·kg~(-1)时每株正常生长的金盏菊对Cd的积累量达到908.21μg。研究结果表明,金盏菊对Cd胁迫具有较好耐性,Cd浓度较高时能起到良好的富集效果。因此,金盏菊在Cd污染浓度较高的土壤上有一定应用潜力。  相似文献   

5.
通过盆栽试验研究了铅(Pb)胁迫下草地早熟禾的生长状况、生态效益、生理特性及吸收和富集Pb的能力。结果表明:Pb浓度为50mg.kg-1时对草地早熟禾生长影响不大,大于100mg.kg-1时抑制草地早熟禾生长;Pb浓度为1000mg.kg-1时草地早熟禾未能成坪。随着Pb浓度的增大,草地早熟禾根系活力、叶绿素含量和含水量逐渐降低,游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量先升高后降低,细胞膜透性逐渐升高。Pb在草地早熟禾体内分布为根系>地上部分,随着Pb浓度的增大草地早熟禾根系和地上部分Pb含量逐渐升高,富集系数和转运系数逐渐降低;Pb浓度为500mg.kg-1时草地早熟禾对Pb的积累量最大,为10.99mg.m-2。综合分析生长、生态、生理变化及富集Pb的能力,草地早熟禾适用于浓度为50mg.kg-1的Pb污染土壤的修复。  相似文献   

6.
孙园园  关萍  何杉  石建明 《草业科学》2016,33(8):1589-1597
采用盆栽试验的方法,研究镉(Cd)胁迫对多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)镉积累特性、生理抗性及叶片超微结构的影响。结果表明,1)在不同浓度Cd胁迫下,多花黑麦草地上部含Cd量小于临界值(100mg·kg-1),且地上部含Cd量小于根部含Cd量,此外,转运系数小于1。2)低浓度Cd(50mg·kg-1)胁迫下的多花黑麦草叶绿素含量升高,高浓度Cd胁迫抑制其合成。随Cd浓度增加,初始荧光强度(F0)逐渐升高,最大荧光强度(Fm)先升后降,光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学量子产量(F_v/F_m)和PSⅡ的潜在光化学效率(F_v/F_0)逐渐降低,光量子产量(ФPSⅡ)、电子传递效率(ETR)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)和非光化学淬灭系数(qN)均呈现先升后降的趋势。3)过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性均表现出先降后升再降的趋势,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性呈现先升后降的趋势;与对照无Cd胁迫相比,过氧化物酶(POD)的活性大体上是升高的;脯氨酸的含量随Cd胁迫浓度增加而逐渐升高;Cd胁迫下多花黑麦草叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量升高不显著(P0.05),其膜脂过氧化程度不高。4)高浓度Cd(300mg·kg-1)胁迫对多花黑麦草叶肉细胞超微结构有所损伤,部分叶绿体空洞化,基粒片层溶解,线粒体嵴结构减少,嗜锇粒增多。研究发现,多花黑麦草对镉胁迫具有较强的积累能力及抗性,可用于镉污染土壤的修复。  相似文献   

7.
不同浓度猪粪水对两种植物重金属富集及迁移效应的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
畜禽粪便是农田有机肥料主要来源之一,由于畜禽粪便中重金属超标与不合理施用,造成土壤重金属污染。该研究旨在探究不同浓度猪粪便废水处理对2种禾本科植物的生物量、土壤pH、电导率、土壤重金属含量以及植物对重金属富集与转移能力的影响。结果表明:随着猪粪便废水浓度增加,土壤pH和电导率随之升高(P0.05);猪粪的施入抑制2种植物对Cd有效态的吸收;臭草在A3处理时对Cr、Cu的富集能力最强, Cr含量为28.24 mg·kg~(-1)(地上部)和107.3 mg·kg~(-1)(地下部),Cu的含量为6.23 mg·kg~(-1)(地上部)和16.99 mg·kg~(-1)(地下部);虎尾草在A2处理时最强,Cr含量为20.24 mg·kg~(-1)(地上部)和90.71 mg·kg~(-1)(地下部),Cu的含量为2.55 mg·kg~(-1)(地上部)和9.26 mg·kg~(-1)(地下部);臭草和虎尾草对重金属的最大迁移总量分别为Cd 0.45 mg和0.83 mg,Cr 141.2 mg和346.13 mg,Cu 30.15 mg和47.2 mg。研究表明,2种植物对重金属Cr和Cu的富集能力较强,但不利于Cd的富集,地下部重金属富集系数大于地上部,地下部对Cr的富集系数大于1(除虎尾草CK),但转移系数都小于1。该研究结果为畜禽粪便的无害化处理提供参考。  相似文献   

8.
35份草本植物镉吸收与富集特征比较   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
选取35份常见草本植物,在室外遮雨条件下采用盆栽方法,研究10mg·kg~(-1)镉(Cd)胁迫下草本植物Cd耐性和富集特征。研究表明:草本植物对10mg·kg~(-1) Cd胁迫有较高耐性,所选35份植物中仅9种植物生长明显受到抑制,根冠比显著降低(P0.05)的仅有2种;不同植物间Cd吸收和积累差异较大,豆科植物以及暖季型草Cd转运能力优于冷季型草,地上部和地下部Cd含量最高的分别为百脉根(Lotus corniculatus)和草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis),Cd转运系数最大的为披碱草(Elymus dahuricum);聚类分析得出,两种一年生黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)地上部积累量较高,属于高积累类型草本植物。  相似文献   

9.
为研究外源激素对野牛草(Buchloe dactyloides)种子破除休眠和幼苗生长生理的作用,本研究分别设置3个浓度的赤霉素(GA3)和生长素(IAA)对野牛草进行浸种处理,浸种后进行发芽试验,对浸种后种子的萌发及幼苗生长情况、非结构性碳水化合物和内源激素进行测定。结果表明,1)赤霉素浸种可以有效增强野牛草种子发芽力,提高发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和种子活力指数,其中,2 000mg·L-1的赤霉素处理效果最显著(P0.05);适当浓度的生长素浸种可以有效增强野牛草种子的生活力。2)赤霉素处理有助于野牛草幼苗地上部的生长;生长素处理对野牛草幼苗地下部和根冠比有显著(P0.05)的增强作用,其中较低浓度(250mg·L-1)处理效果最明显。3)1 500mg·L-1赤霉素与450mg·L-1生长素浸种均可显著(P0.05)提高野牛草幼苗可溶性糖与淀粉的积累。4)较高浓度的外源赤霉素和生长素浸种处理会使野牛草幼苗内源生长素、赤霉素、脱落酸(ABA)含量上升,其中,2 000 mg·L-1的赤霉素和450mg·L-1的生长素浸种效果最佳。综上所述,打破野牛草种子休眠、促进地上部生长及其幼苗内源赤霉素含量的最佳试剂和浓度为2 000 mg·L-1的赤霉素,增加可溶性糖和淀粉在野牛草幼苗期积累的最佳试剂和浓度是1 500mg·L-1的赤霉素;促进野牛草幼苗地下部生长的最佳试剂和浓度是250mg·L-1的生长素,增加野牛草幼苗内源生长素和脱落酸含量的最佳试剂和浓度是450mg·L-1的生长素。  相似文献   

10.
在完全营养液条件下,采用砂培法,研究了NO3--N与NH4+-N两种氮素形态的7种配比(氮素水平210mg/L)对紫花苜蓿盛花期生长及结瘤固氮的影响。结果表明:各形态配比下紫花苜蓿的株高、生物量、根瘤数、根瘤重及固氮酶活性均随NO3--N/NH4+-N增大呈先增大后减小的趋势;且NO3--N/NH4+-N比例为5/3时,紫花苜蓿的株高、生物量、根瘤数、根瘤重及固氮酶活性均取得最大值,而地上部和地下部全氮含量则在5/5时最高。综合分析,当氮素水平在210mg/L时,5/3处理下紫花苜蓿生长较好,自身固氮能力较强。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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