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1.
克伦特罗在猪体内的生物利用度及药物动力学研究   总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19  
６头体重４７．００±４．５７ｋｇ（Ｘ±Ｓ）的健康长白和大白杂交猪，拉丁方设计试验，按４ｍｇ／ｋｇ静注、肌注和内服克伦特罗，高效液相色谱法检测血浆中药物浓度，ＭＣＰＫＰ药代动力学程序处理药时数据。静注给药的药代动力学参数是：ｔ１／２α０．６２±０．１２ｈ，ｔ１／２β４．８７±１．５６ｈ，Ｖｄ（ａｒｅａ）４．４８±０．５６ｌ／ｋｇ，ＣｌＢ０．６３±０．１１ｌ／ｋｇ／ｈ，ＡＵＣ６．３９±１．２７μｇ／ｍｌ．ｈ。肌注给药的药动学参数是：ｔ１／２Ｋａ０．２２±０．１０ｈ，ｔ１／２α０．５６±０．２１ｈ，ｔ１／２β４．２５±１．１０ｈ，ｔｍａｘ０．６０±０．１３ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ１．２７±０．３５μｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＵＣ５．４８±１．２９μｇ／ｍｌ．ｈ，Ｆ８５．４０±４．６９％。内服给药的药动学参数是：ｔ１／２Ｋａ０．２８±０．１５ｈ，ｔ１／２Ｋｅ３．１５±０．３６ｈ，ｔｍａｘ１．４６±０．１９ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ０．６５±０．１３μｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＵＣ３．９３±０．９９ｍｇ／ｌ．ｈ，Ｆ６１．０２±１０．９０％。肌注给药的生物利用度与内服比较，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。  相似文献   

2.
喹乙醇在鸡体内的毒物动力学及其生化毒性和病理学研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
本文对１３只健康ＡＡ鸡单次内服喹乙醇中毒剂量（１２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）作了毒物动力学分析。用乙腈—乙酸乙酯混合溶剂提取血浆中的喹乙醇,反相高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ法）测定浓度。喹乙醇内服给药的药时数据适合一级吸收二室开放模型。毒物动力学主要参数为：ｔ１／２Ｋａ０．６３±０．２６ｈ,ｔ１／２α１．１２±０．３４ｈ,ｔ１／２β７．２６±３．０２ｈ,Ｋｅ０．５９±０．１５ｈ－１,Ｔｍａｘ１．１９±０．３１ｈ,Ｃｍａｘ７１．４０±１２．８１μｇ／ｍｌ,ＡＵＣ２５８．１２±３６．１１ｍｇ／Ｌ．ｈ。本试验表明,内服中毒剂量的喹乙醇在ＡＡ鸡体内的吸收、分布均很迅速,但消除缓慢;给药后２４ｈ,血药浓度均高于０．２μｇ／ｍｌ  相似文献   

3.
恩诺沙星及其活性代谢物在鸡体内的药物动力学   总被引：29，自引：4，他引：25  
为全面了解恩诺沙星在鸡体内的动力学过程与药效的关系进行了本研究。用反向高效液相色谱法测定鸡血浆中的药物质量浓度,所得恩诺沙星ｃｉ－ｔｉ数据用ＭＣＰＫＰ计算机程序处理,代谢物环丙沙星的ｃｉ－ｔｉ数据用代谢物动力学方法处理。静注恩诺沙星后的ｃｉ－ｔｉ数据符合二室开放模型,主要动力学参数：ｔ１／２α（０．２５±０．０４）ｈ,ｔ１／２β（５．２６±０．８１）ｈ,Ｖｄ（４．５３±１．０７）Ｌ／ｋｇ,ＣＬＢ（０．６１±０．１１）Ｌ／（ｋｇ·ｈ）,ＡＵＣ（１７．３９±３．９２）ｍｇ／（Ｌ·ｈ）。内服恩诺沙星的ｃｉ－ｔｉ数据,符合有吸收因素二室模型,主要动力学参数ｔ１／２ｋａ（０．４４±０．１１）ｈ,ｔ１／２α（１．１５±０．３８）ｈ,ｔ１／２β（９．１４±１．４５）ｈ,ＡＵＣ（１２．４８±２．３６）ｍｇ／（Ｌ·ｈ）,ｔｍａｘ（１．７７±０．２１）ｈ,Ｃｍａｘ（１．４４±０．３１）ｍｇ／Ｌ,Ｆ７２．１８％。试验结果表明,鸡静注与内服恩诺沙星后,代谢物环丙沙星的生成及消除缓慢、分布广泛,是影响恩诺沙星疗效的重要因素。  相似文献   

4.
采用低硒日粮（０．０２１μｇ／ｇ）饲喂１日龄蛋用雏鸡至１２～１４日龄（血硒降至０．０２３２±０．０１１０μｇ／ｍｌ），按单剂量０．５２６ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ口服亚硒酸钠后不同时间点采集血样，用荧光分光光度法测定血硒浓度。应用ＭＣＰＫＰ药动学程序自动拟合处理血硒浓度——时间数据并求出药动学参数。血硒浓度－时间曲线符合一室开放模型，最佳药时方程为：Ｃｉ＝０．０９５９０（ｅ－０．００６１９ｔ－ｅ－０．０９４１０ｔ）。主要药动学参数：ｔ１２Ｋａ为２．０３ｈ，ｔ１２Ｋ为１１２．０２ｈ，ｔｐ为１１．９８ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ为０．０８７３８μｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＵＣ为１５．２１１ｍｇ／ｌ·ｈ。根据单剂量药动学参数，计算出多剂量给药参数：τ为１２０ｈ，Ｃ为０．１２６７６μｇ／ｍｌ，Ｄ＊为０．７０８１ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ，Ｄ０为０．３７１２ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ，Ｒ为１．９０７６。  相似文献   

5.
恩诺沙星在猪体内的生物利用度及药物动力学研究   总被引：37，自引：5，他引：32  
选用２１头健康杂种猪，随机分为３组，对静注、肌注及内服恩诺沙星（２．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）的生物利用度和药物动力学进行了研究。用乙腈提取血浆中的药物，反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆中恩诺沙星及其主要代谢产物环丙沙星的浓度。所得血药浓药－时间数据用ＭＣＰＫＰ计算机程序处理。静注给药的药时数据适合二室开放模型，主要药物动力学参数：ｔ１／２ａ０．４８±０．２４ｈ；ｔ１／２ａ３．４５±０．８５ｈ；ｔ１／２Ｋ１０２．０  相似文献   

6.
氧氟沙星在健康和霉形体与大肠杆菌感染鸡的药动学研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
本文报道氧氟沙星在健康和霉形体与大肠杆菌合并感染鸡体内的药动学研究,健康鸡单剂量内服氧氟沙星（１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）其药－时数据符合一级吸收一室开放模型,主要动力学参数如下：ｔ１／２α为０．４７±０．２３ｈ,ｔ１／２β为５．９２±１．３４ｈ,ｔｍａｘ为１．８９±０．５２ｈ,Ｃｍａｘ为５．７９±１．０９μｇ／ｍＬ,ＡＵＣ为６０．９２±１７．００ｍｇ／Ｌ,ｈ,Ｔｃｐ（ｔｈｅｒ）为５９．０６±１４．２８ｈＦ,  相似文献   

7.
用反相高效液相色谱法测定了黄牛肌注锥－４６１ｍｇ／ｋｇ后１０、２０、３０、４５ｍｉｎ；１、１．５、２、３、４、６、８．１２、２４ｈ血浆中锥－４６浓度。经ＰＫＢＰ－ＮＩ程序与３Ｐ８７程序拟合，锥－４６在黄牛体内的代谢符合二室开放模型。其主要动力学参数为：Ｔ１／２α１００．９ｍｉｎ，Ｔ１／２β１２９１．４ｍｉｎ，Ｔ１／２Ｋａ７．８２５ｍｉｎ，ＡＵＣ１６４．８μｇ·ｍｉｎ／ｍｌ，Ｔｐ２７．４１ｍｉｎ，Ｃｍａｘ０．３３９μｇ／ｍｌ。提示黄牛对该药物吸收迅速，消除缓慢，在血液中滞留时间较长，故对伊氏锥虫有较好的杀灭效果。  相似文献   

8.
本文研究了阿维菌素口服液体制剂一次给药在绵羊和家兔体内的药物动力学过程。血浆样本直接经免疫亲合柱净化处理,后用高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ ＵＶ２４５ｎｍ）测定药物浓度。实验数据经３Ｐ８７程序处理,判定该制剂在绵羊和家兔体内的动力学过程均属一级吸收二室模型,得药物动力学参数如下,绵羊Ｃｍａｘ为２１．１８ｎｇ／ｍｌ、Ｔｍａｘ为１４．０４ｈ、ＡＵＣ为１５３３．６５ｈ．ｎｇ／ｍｌ、ｔ１／２β为６９．８７ｈ。  相似文献   

9.
给大鼠口服甲状腺粉,每只８ｍ ｇ／ｄ,连续３０ ｄ,大鼠出现甲亢体征,检测心肌微粒体Ｎａ＋ 、Ｋ＋ －ＡＴＰａｓｅ,Ｃａ２＋ －ＡＴＰａｓｅ 和Ｍｇ２＋ －ＡＴＰａｓｅ 活性。结果：甲状腺粉组以上各项指标分别为７．６±１．３ ,１６．５±１．８和２１．８±２．２μｍ ｏｌＰｉ／ｇＨｂ ／ｈ,均明显低于丹参酮ⅡＡ 磺酸钠组和对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）;丹参酮ⅡＡ 磺酸钠组和对照组比较无显著性差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。上述结果表明,甲状腺粉诱导甲亢过程中心肌微粒体ＡＴＰａｓｅ 活性降低;丹参酮ⅡＡ 磺酸钠对ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性具有明显保护作用  相似文献   

10.
本试验应用不同投药途径的绒毛膜促性腺激素（ＨＣＧ）、促黄体素（ＬＨ）和促排３号（ＬＲＨ─Ａ３）等激素对１５０例患有卵泡囊肿的奶牛进行了疗效试验，取得了较好的结果。静注ＨＣＧ５０００单位（试验１组）的治愈率为９４％（４９／５２），比肌注ＨＣＧ５０００～１００００单位（试验２组）的治愈率５０％（１５／３０）高４４％（ｐ＜０．０１）；静注ＬＨ２００单位（试验３组）的治愈率为９０％（１８／２０），比肌注ＬＨ２００单位（试验４组）的治愈率５０％（１０／２０）高４０％（ｐ＜０．０１）；卵泡囊肿侧的阴唇粘膜注射ＬＲＨ─Ａ３１０００μｇ（试验６组），其治愈率为８５．７１％（１２／１４），这种方法不仅比每日肌注一次ＬＲＨ─Ａ３１０００μｇ，连续注射２次（试验５组）的治愈率６４．２９％（９／１４）高２１．４２％，而且注射次数和用药量均为肌注法的１／２。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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