首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
克伦特罗在猪体内的生物利用度及药物动力学研究   总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19  
６头体重４７．００±４．５７ｋｇ（Ｘ±Ｓ）的健康长白和大白杂交猪，拉丁方设计试验，按４ｍｇ／ｋｇ静注、肌注和内服克伦特罗，高效液相色谱法检测血浆中药物浓度，ＭＣＰＫＰ药代动力学程序处理药时数据。静注给药的药代动力学参数是：ｔ１／２α０．６２±０．１２ｈ，ｔ１／２β４．８７±１．５６ｈ，Ｖｄ（ａｒｅａ）４．４８±０．５６ｌ／ｋｇ，ＣｌＢ０．６３±０．１１ｌ／ｋｇ／ｈ，ＡＵＣ６．３９±１．２７μｇ／ｍｌ．ｈ。肌注给药的药动学参数是：ｔ１／２Ｋａ０．２２±０．１０ｈ，ｔ１／２α０．５６±０．２１ｈ，ｔ１／２β４．２５±１．１０ｈ，ｔｍａｘ０．６０±０．１３ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ１．２７±０．３５μｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＵＣ５．４８±１．２９μｇ／ｍｌ．ｈ，Ｆ８５．４０±４．６９％。内服给药的药动学参数是：ｔ１／２Ｋａ０．２８±０．１５ｈ，ｔ１／２Ｋｅ３．１５±０．３６ｈ，ｔｍａｘ１．４６±０．１９ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ０．６５±０．１３μｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＵＣ３．９３±０．９９ｍｇ／ｌ．ｈ，Ｆ６１．０２±１０．９０％。肌注给药的生物利用度与内服比较，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。  相似文献   

2.
喹乙醇在鸡体内的毒物动力学及其生化毒性和病理学研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
本文对１３只健康ＡＡ鸡单次内服喹乙醇中毒剂量（１２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）作了毒物动力学分析。用乙腈—乙酸乙酯混合溶剂提取血浆中的喹乙醇,反相高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ法）测定浓度。喹乙醇内服给药的药时数据适合一级吸收二室开放模型。毒物动力学主要参数为：ｔ１／２Ｋａ０．６３±０．２６ｈ,ｔ１／２α１．１２±０．３４ｈ,ｔ１／２β７．２６±３．０２ｈ,Ｋｅ０．５９±０．１５ｈ－１,Ｔｍａｘ１．１９±０．３１ｈ,Ｃｍａｘ７１．４０±１２．８１μｇ／ｍｌ,ＡＵＣ２５８．１２±３６．１１ｍｇ／Ｌ．ｈ。本试验表明,内服中毒剂量的喹乙醇在ＡＡ鸡体内的吸收、分布均很迅速,但消除缓慢;给药后２４ｈ,血药浓度均高于０．２μｇ／ｍｌ  相似文献   

3.
恩诺沙星及其活性代谢物在鸡体内的药物动力学   总被引：25，自引：4，他引：25  
为全面了解恩诺沙星在鸡体内的动力学过程与药效的关系进行了本研究。用反向高效液相色谱法测定鸡血浆中的药物质量浓度,所得恩诺沙星ｃｉ－ｔｉ数据用ＭＣＰＫＰ计算机程序处理,代谢物环丙沙星的ｃｉ－ｔｉ数据用代谢物动力学方法处理。静注恩诺沙星后的ｃｉ－ｔｉ数据符合二室开放模型,主要动力学参数：ｔ１／２α（０．２５±０．０４）ｈ,ｔ１／２β（５．２６±０．８１）ｈ,Ｖｄ（４．５３±１．０７）Ｌ／ｋｇ,ＣＬＢ（０．６１±０．１１）Ｌ／（ｋｇ·ｈ）,ＡＵＣ（１７．３９±３．９２）ｍｇ／（Ｌ·ｈ）。内服恩诺沙星的ｃｉ－ｔｉ数据,符合有吸收因素二室模型,主要动力学参数ｔ１／２ｋａ（０．４４±０．１１）ｈ,ｔ１／２α（１．１５±０．３８）ｈ,ｔ１／２β（９．１４±１．４５）ｈ,ＡＵＣ（１２．４８±２．３６）ｍｇ／（Ｌ·ｈ）,ｔｍａｘ（１．７７±０．２１）ｈ,Ｃｍａｘ（１．４４±０．３１）ｍｇ／Ｌ,Ｆ７２．１８％。试验结果表明,鸡静注与内服恩诺沙星后,代谢物环丙沙星的生成及消除缓慢、分布广泛,是影响恩诺沙星疗效的重要因素。  相似文献   

4.
采用低硒日粮（０．０２１μｇ／ｇ）饲喂１日龄蛋用雏鸡至１２～１４日龄（血硒降至０．０２３２±０．０１１０μｇ／ｍｌ），按单剂量０．５２６ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ口服亚硒酸钠后不同时间点采集血样，用荧光分光光度法测定血硒浓度。应用ＭＣＰＫＰ药动学程序自动拟合处理血硒浓度——时间数据并求出药动学参数。血硒浓度－时间曲线符合一室开放模型，最佳药时方程为：Ｃｉ＝０．０９５９０（ｅ－０．００６１９ｔ－ｅ－０．０９４１０ｔ）。主要药动学参数：ｔ１２Ｋａ为２．０３ｈ，ｔ１２Ｋ为１１２．０２ｈ，ｔｐ为１１．９８ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ为０．０８７３８μｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＵＣ为１５．２１１ｍｇ／ｌ·ｈ。根据单剂量药动学参数，计算出多剂量给药参数：τ为１２０ｈ，Ｃ为０．１２６７６μｇ／ｍｌ，Ｄ＊为０．７０８１ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ，Ｄ０为０．３７１２ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ，Ｒ为１．９０７６。  相似文献   

5.
恩诺沙星在猪体内的生物利用度及药物动力学研究   总被引：37，自引：5，他引：32  
选用２１头健康杂种猪，随机分为３组，对静注、肌注及内服恩诺沙星（２．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）的生物利用度和药物动力学进行了研究。用乙腈提取血浆中的药物，反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆中恩诺沙星及其主要代谢产物环丙沙星的浓度。所得血药浓药－时间数据用ＭＣＰＫＰ计算机程序处理。静注给药的药时数据适合二室开放模型，主要药物动力学参数：ｔ１／２ａ０．４８±０．２４ｈ；ｔ１／２ａ３．４５±０．８５ｈ；ｔ１／２Ｋ１０２．０  相似文献   

6.
氧氟沙星在健康和霉形体与大肠杆菌感染鸡的药动学研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
本文报道氧氟沙星在健康和霉形体与大肠杆菌合并感染鸡体内的药动学研究,健康鸡单剂量内服氧氟沙星（１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）其药－时数据符合一级吸收一室开放模型,主要动力学参数如下：ｔ１／２α为０．４７±０．２３ｈ,ｔ１／２β为５．９２±１．３４ｈ,ｔｍａｘ为１．８９±０．５２ｈ,Ｃｍａｘ为５．７９±１．０９μｇ／ｍＬ,ＡＵＣ为６０．９２±１７．００ｍｇ／Ｌ,ｈ,Ｔｃｐ（ｔｈｅｒ）为５９．０６±１４．２８ｈＦ,  相似文献   

7.
用反相高效液相色谱法测定了黄牛肌注锥－４６１ｍｇ／ｋｇ后１０、２０、３０、４５ｍｉｎ；１、１．５、２、３、４、６、８．１２、２４ｈ血浆中锥－４６浓度。经ＰＫＢＰ－ＮＩ程序与３Ｐ８７程序拟合，锥－４６在黄牛体内的代谢符合二室开放模型。其主要动力学参数为：Ｔ１／２α１００．９ｍｉｎ，Ｔ１／２β１２９１．４ｍｉｎ，Ｔ１／２Ｋａ７．８２５ｍｉｎ，ＡＵＣ１６４．８μｇ·ｍｉｎ／ｍｌ，Ｔｐ２７．４１ｍｉｎ，Ｃｍａｘ０．３３９μｇ／ｍｌ。提示黄牛对该药物吸收迅速，消除缓慢，在血液中滞留时间较长，故对伊氏锥虫有较好的杀灭效果。  相似文献   

8.
本文研究了阿维菌素口服液体制剂一次给药在绵羊和家兔体内的药物动力学过程。血浆样本直接经免疫亲合柱净化处理,后用高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ ＵＶ２４５ｎｍ）测定药物浓度。实验数据经３Ｐ８７程序处理,判定该制剂在绵羊和家兔体内的动力学过程均属一级吸收二室模型,得药物动力学参数如下,绵羊Ｃｍａｘ为２１．１８ｎｇ／ｍｌ、Ｔｍａｘ为１４．０４ｈ、ＡＵＣ为１５３３．６５ｈ．ｎｇ／ｍｌ、ｔ１／２β为６９．８７ｈ。  相似文献   

9.
给大鼠口服甲状腺粉,每只８ｍ ｇ／ｄ,连续３０ ｄ,大鼠出现甲亢体征,检测心肌微粒体Ｎａ＋ 、Ｋ＋ －ＡＴＰａｓｅ,Ｃａ２＋ －ＡＴＰａｓｅ 和Ｍｇ２＋ －ＡＴＰａｓｅ 活性。结果：甲状腺粉组以上各项指标分别为７．６±１．３ ,１６．５±１．８和２１．８±２．２μｍ ｏｌＰｉ／ｇＨｂ ／ｈ,均明显低于丹参酮ⅡＡ 磺酸钠组和对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）;丹参酮ⅡＡ 磺酸钠组和对照组比较无显著性差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。上述结果表明,甲状腺粉诱导甲亢过程中心肌微粒体ＡＴＰａｓｅ 活性降低;丹参酮ⅡＡ 磺酸钠对ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性具有明显保护作用  相似文献   

10.
本试验应用不同投药途径的绒毛膜促性腺激素（ＨＣＧ）、促黄体素（ＬＨ）和促排３号（ＬＲＨ─Ａ３）等激素对１５０例患有卵泡囊肿的奶牛进行了疗效试验，取得了较好的结果。静注ＨＣＧ５０００单位（试验１组）的治愈率为９４％（４９／５２），比肌注ＨＣＧ５０００～１００００单位（试验２组）的治愈率５０％（１５／３０）高４４％（ｐ＜０．０１）；静注ＬＨ２００单位（试验３组）的治愈率为９０％（１８／２０），比肌注ＬＨ２００单位（试验４组）的治愈率５０％（１０／２０）高４０％（ｐ＜０．０１）；卵泡囊肿侧的阴唇粘膜注射ＬＲＨ─Ａ３１０００μｇ（试验６组），其治愈率为８５．７１％（１２／１４），这种方法不仅比每日肌注一次ＬＲＨ─Ａ３１０００μｇ，连续注射２次（试验５组）的治愈率６４．２９％（９／１４）高２１．４２％，而且注射次数和用药量均为肌注法的１／２。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

16.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
  相似文献   

17.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号