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1.
钙和钾对延胡索幼苗镉毒害的缓解作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过探讨外源钙(Ca2+)、钾(K+)对重金属镉(Cd) (0~25 mg/kg)胁迫下延胡索幼苗的缓解作用,为延胡索经济高效优质高产的栽培模式提供理论依据和实践指导。以大叶延胡索为材料,采用土培法,研究外源Ca2+、K+处理对不同浓度Cd胁迫下延胡索幼苗株高、生物量、生理特征、重金属含量及药用品质的变化。结果表明,各浓度Cd胁迫下外源Ca2+、K+处理的最适缓解浓度分别为100和200 mg/kg,在该浓度下Ca2+、K+能明显缓解Cd对延胡索幼苗的抑制作用。在低浓度Cd胁迫下,添加最适浓度的外源Ca2+处理后幼苗可溶性糖、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性相比未添加外源Ca2+处理的对照组升高,而丙二醛(MDA)含量低于对照。添加最适浓度的外源K+处理后幼苗上述各指标无明显变化。高浓度Cd胁迫下,添加最适浓度的外源Ca2+处理后幼苗可溶性糖、SOD、POD和CAT活性显著高于对照,MDA含量显著降低。在各浓度Cd胁迫下,添加最适浓度的外源Ca2+、K+处理后幼苗根部细胞微核率降低,从而缓解了Cd对延胡索幼苗的毒害。因此,在Cd胁迫(尤其是25 mg/kg浓度Cd胁迫)下,外源Ca2+、K+通过提高延胡索幼苗的抗氧化能力来缓解Cd对幼苗毒害和细胞染色体损伤。此外,外源Ca2+、K+影响Cd胁迫下延胡索幼苗地上及地下部分Cd的积累,其影响机制比较复杂。25 mg/kg Cd胁迫下添加Ca2+能够显著改善延胡索的药用品质,延胡索乙素比25 mg/kg Cd胁迫下增加了27.52%。在Cd污染的土壤上种植延胡索,可加入适量的外源Ca2+通过改变延胡索幼苗的抗氧化酶活性等方式达到缓解Cd毒害,降低块茎中Cd含量,改善药用品质。  相似文献   

2.
2酸度水平下亚铁离子对苜蓿幼苗生理特性的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
为探明酸环境和亚铁离子胁迫对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)幼苗各生理特性指标的影响,寻求酸性土壤中适宜紫花苜蓿生长发育的环境亚铁离子浓度区间,于2007年2月以苜蓿品种W525为试验材料,采用砂培的方法研究了酸性(pH=4.5)和弱酸性(pH=6)环境中Fe2+(10 mg/kg、50 mg/kg、100 mg/kg,150 mg/kg和200mg/kg)对苜蓿幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明:酸铁胁迫共存的环境中,叶绿素含量变化主要由环境酸度引起;根系活力对Fe2+浓度变化更为敏感;而光系统Ⅱ光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、可溶性糖含量和膜透性同时受酸环境和Fe2+浓度的共同影响;酸性环境(pH=4.5)中100 mg/kg的Fe2+含量已达到苜蓿幼苗的耐受极限;弱酸环境(pH=6)下150 mg/kg的Fe2+含量才达到苜蓿幼苗的耐受极限,而50 mg/kg的Fe2+浓度尚能促进的苜蓿生长;10 mg/kg~50 mg/kg的Fe2+含量是苜蓿在两种酸度土壤中共同的最适生长区间,两种酸度环境下该Fe2+浓度范围内的根系活力、光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和光系统Ⅱ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)均显著高于100 mg/kg~200mg/kg的Fe2+处理(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

3.
采用温室盆栽试验设计,设置0、50、100、150和200 mmol/L 5个梯度的Na Cl浓度,对接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)的紫花苜蓿中苜一号进行胁迫,测定了其生理指标及光合参数。结果表明,随着Na Cl浓度的增加,中苜一号的脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)的含量也随之增加,接种不同AM真菌菌剂的中苜一号脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)的含量显著高于未接种AM真菌的中苜一号(P0.05)。在不同Na Cl浓度下,中苜一号的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(POD)的活性呈上升趋势,接种不同AM真菌菌剂的中苜一号超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(POD)的活性显著高于未接种AM真菌的中苜一号(P0.05)。由于Na Cl胁迫对中苜一号光合作用的抑制作用,其光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)及蒸腾速率(Tr)都呈减弱的趋势,接种AM真菌组显著高于对照组(P0.05);而胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)则呈现出增加的趋势,接种AM真菌组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。  相似文献   

4.
为探讨酸铜胁迫对紫花苜蓿种子萌发及根系生长的胁迫作用以及酸铜离子对紫花苜蓿危害的临界浓度,以非秋眠型紫花苜蓿品种"甘农5号"为研究对象进行酸性条件下铜离子胁迫浓度的种子萌发试验。研究结果表明:随着Cu2+浓度的增大,紫花苜蓿种子萌发指标和根系指标均不同程度的减小,其中发芽率、相对发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数呈极显著指数递减(P0.01);根据相对发芽率回归方式推导紫花苜蓿Cu2+半致死浓度为107mg/L,致死浓度为308mg/L。Cu2+胁迫浓度达到6.250mg/L时,幼苗的根系指标出现跳跃式下降,耐性指数显著下降,Cu2+6.250mg/L(pH 5)是紫花苜蓿胚根生长的敏感浓度。  相似文献   

5.
为了探究镉(cadimum, Cd)胁迫下生物炭和丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal, AM)对植物生长的协同效应,采用盆栽试验,研究在3个Cd污染(0,3,6 mg Cd·kg-1)水平下,施用小麦秸秆生物炭和接种AM真菌(Glomus intraradices BEG 141)对玉米生长和生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,施用生物炭和接种AM真菌单独或复合处理均能提高玉米的株高、生物量、光合色素含量、光合特性和抗氧化酶活性,降低胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、MDA含量。接种AM真菌促进玉米生长效果优于生物炭,而生物炭对提高土壤pH效果较好,施用生物炭和接种AM真菌复合处理对Cd胁迫下玉米生长和改善玉米生理生化特性的促进效应最佳。其中,在6 mg Cd·kg-1水平下,施用生物炭和接种AM真菌复合处理使株高、生物量分别增加43.87%、79.10%;净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)分别提高33.09%,45.04%,31.27%;叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性分别提高51.42%,82.91%,43.96%。综合来看,生物炭和AM真菌单独或复合处理均能够减轻Cd胁迫和促进植物生长,以生物炭和AM真菌复合处理效果最佳,AM真菌处理效果次之,生物炭处理效果较差。  相似文献   

6.
在温室条件下分别接种摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae、透光球囊霉G.diaphanum和幼套球囊霉G.etunicatum,来观察盐胁迫下滨梅的生长反应。结果表明接种了AM真菌的滨梅与对照相比显著增加了滨梅幼苗的生长。接种了摩西球囊霉G.mosseae和幼套球囊霉G.etunicatum的滨梅幼苗所含的干物质总量分别高出对照47%和43%,总叶面积分别高出对照36%和35%。NaCl胁迫下接种AM真菌的滨梅幼苗叶中所有养分含量除了Fe都表现出相互作用,方差分析的结果显著;摩西球囊霉G.mosseae和幼套球囊霉G.etunicatum在提高滨梅苗的抗盐能力上比透光球囊霉G.diaphanum更有效。实验结果表明接种特定的AM真菌能够缓解土壤盐胁迫对滨梅的伤害反应。  相似文献   

7.
采用盆栽试验研究丛枝菌根(AM)真菌根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices)接种白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)对高度铜(Cu)污染(300mg/kg)的生理生化反应。结果表明:铜污染降低了白三叶单株干重、叶片光合色素、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及各部位磷(P)水平,而提高了叶片相对电导率、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸(ASA)、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、地上部镁(Mg)和各部位Cu水平以及Cu迁移量;AM真菌显著提高了Cu污染条件下白三叶单株干重、叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、POD、CAT、ASA、P、Cu及各部位Mg水平,降低了叶片相对电导率和H_2O_2含量;在Cu正常和Cu污染条件下,接种株的Cu迁移量均显著高于未接种株。可见,接种根内球囊霉不仅促进了Cu污染条件下白三叶生长及Cu在地上部的积累量,还通过提高渗透调节和抗氧化能力来增强其抗Cu毒害能力。  相似文献   

8.
为了探索AM真菌在柑桔砧木容器苗生产的合理应用,更好地利用其优势AM真菌菌种资源,培育出优良的柑桔砧木菌根化容器苗,本试验采用盆栽方法,以未接种AM真菌的植株为对照,研究了7种丛枝菌根真菌在三种基质下对卡里佐枳橙容器苗生长及氮磷含量的影响。结果表明：AM真菌接种剂对卡里佐丛枝菌根的形成均有显著影响,但是各处理影响作用差异很大;在7种丛枝菌根真菌处理中,GM和GV混合接种对卡里佐幼苗的生长、菌根侵染率和氮磷含量促进作用最强;在备选的3种基质中,腐叶土对幼苗的生长、菌根侵染率及含氮量促进作用最强。因此以GM和GV混合接种,并采用腐叶土的容器基质组合为最佳。  相似文献   

9.
以高羊茅火凤凰2号(PhoenixⅡ)为试验材料,研究铜(Cu)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)对高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。分别用CuSO4·5H2O,3CdSO4·8H2O和Pb(NO3)2溶液模拟重金属胁迫处理高羊茅种子,设置低浓度、中浓度、较高浓度、高浓度4个浓度梯度,分别为Cu^2+(200、300、400、500mg/L);Cd^2+(1、50、100、150mg/L);Pb^2+(500、1000、1500、2000mg/L)。通过测定火凤凰2号的相对发芽率、相对发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、叶表面积、根冠比等13个生长指标,研究高羊茅在3种重金属胁迫下的发芽及幼苗生长状况。结果表明:高羊茅对镉胁迫的耐受性最好,中、低浓度铜胁迫下幼苗耐受性较差,较高浓度及高浓度下对铅胁迫的耐受性最差。铜胁迫下随着胁迫程度的加剧,各项指标均呈下降趋势且幼苗生长受到抑制;低浓度镉、铅胁迫对种子萌发及幼苗生长有促进作用,随着胁迫程度的增高,种子萌发和幼苗生长会受到明显的抑制。当Pb^2+≥1500mg/L时,高羊茅幼苗根系生长受到完全抑制,生长量为0,出现“无根苗”。  相似文献   

10.
本研究通过接种土壤从枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌孢子,探讨了在温室盆栽条件下,甘肃内生真菌(Epichlo?gansuensis)在不同重金属镉(Cd^2+)离子胁迫下对醉马草(Achnatherum inebrians)根系AM真菌侵染率的影响,以及内生真菌、Cd^2+和AM真菌三者互作对醉马草幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,Cd^2+和内生真菌互作对醉马草菌根侵染率无显著(P>0.05)影响,菌根侵染率随着Cd^2+浓度的增加呈现先升后降的趋势,在高浓度Cd2+(0.9 mmol·L^-1)条件下,内生真菌侵染(endophyte-infected,EI)的醉马草植株菌根侵染率显著(P<0.05)高于不带菌(endophyte-free,EF)的植株。低浓度Cd2+(0.3 mmol·L^-1)显著(P<0.05)促进了醉马草的生长,而高浓度Cd^2+(0.9 mmol·L^-1)条件下显著(P<0.05)抑制了醉马草的生长;内生真菌在高浓度Cd^2+(0.9 mmol·L^-1)胁迫条件下能够减轻其对醉马草的伤害;接种AM真菌显著(P<0.05)促进醉马草地上部分生长的同时显著(P<0.05)抑制了其根系的生长;三者互作显著(P<0.05)促进醉马草叶绿素含量和地上鲜重,但显著(P<0.05)抑制了醉马草根长。以上结果表明,内生真菌和Cd2+均能影响AM真菌对醉马草根系的侵染,但二者无互作效应,内生真菌、AM真菌和Cd2+三者互作会影响醉马草幼苗地上和地下生长。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

16.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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17.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

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