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《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2016,(1)
Probiotics are living microorganisms that provide a wide variety of health benefits to the host when ingested in adequate amounts.The bacterial strains most frequently used as probiotic agents are lactic acid bacteria,such as Lactobacillus reuteri,which is one of the few endogenous Lactobacillus species found in the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates,including humans,rats,pigs and chickens.L reuteri is one of the most well documented probiotic species and has been widely utilized as a probiotic in humans and animals for many years.Initially,L reuteri was used in humans to reduce the incidence and the severity of diarrhea,prevent colic and necrotic enterocolitis,and maintain a functional mucosal barrier.As interest in alternatives to in-feed antibiotics has grown in recent years,some evidence has emerged that probiotics may promote growth,improve the efficiency of feed utilization,prevent diarrhea,and regulate the immune system in pigs.In this review,the characteristics of L reuteri are described,in order to update the evidence on the efficacy of using L.reuteri in pigs. 相似文献
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对30株酿酒酵母进行模拟胃肠转运、胆盐耐受性以及抑菌特性的体外筛选,筛选具有潜在益生特性的酿酒酵母与植物乳杆菌IMAU10120共生.结果表明:4株酿酒酵母IMAU6Y047、IMAU7Y006、IMAU7Y007、IMAU7Y036 pH 2.5/pH 8.0胃肠转运存活率大于50％,且均为胆盐耐性菌株,对大肠杆菌O157、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、弗氏志贺氏菌有抑制作用,且IMAU7Y006与植物乳杆菌IMAU10120互利共生,为进一步混合发酵提供基础数据. 相似文献
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Baillon ML Marshall-Jones ZV Butterwick RF 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(3):338-343
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate viability of a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus in a dry dog food, determine its ability to survive transit through the gastrointestinal tract and populate the colon, and assess its effects on intestinal and systemic parameters. ANIMALS: 15 adult dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs were sequentially fed a dry control food for 2 weeks, the same food supplemented with > 10(9) L. acidophilus for 4 weeks, and the control food again for 2 weeks. Fecal score was assessed daily, and fecal and blood samples were collected for enumeration of bacterial populations and measurement of hematologic variables. RESULTS: Recovery of L. acidophilus from the supplemented food was 71% and 63% at the start and end of the study, respectively, indicating that the bacteria were able to survive manufacture and storage. The probiotic bacterium was detected in feces via ribotyping and RNA gene sequencing during the probiotic administration phase but not 2 weeks after cessation of administration. Administration of the probiotic-supplemented food was associated with increased numbers of fecal lactobacilli and decreased numbers of clostridial organisms. There were significant increases in RBCs, Hct, hemoglobin concentration, neutrophils, monocytes, and serum immunoglobin G concentration and reductions in RBC fragility and serum NO concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These data indicate that L. acidophilus can be successfully incorporated into a dry dog food, survive transit through the canine gastrointestinal tract, and populate the colon and are associated with local and systemic changes. This probiotic bacterium may have the potential to enhance intestinal health and improve immune function in dogs. 相似文献
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本研究旨在利用分子生物学手段鉴定乳酸菌GF103的菌种属性,并通过体外法评价其作为益生菌的益生效果,筛选出具有益生作用的乳酸菌。试验从北京市大兴种猪场附近土壤中分离得到一株能抑制病原菌大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌生长的乳酸菌,编号为GF103,经16SrRNA基因序列分析鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。经体外益生效果评价得知,乳酸菌GF103在pH=3的条件下活菌数较高,能够耐受0.3%胆盐。乳酸菌GF103在人工模拟胃液中培养0.5 h活菌数不受影响(P>0.05),培养3 h活菌数降低1 log值(P<0.01);在人工模拟肠液中培养3 h活菌数不变(P>0.05)。结果表明,乳酸菌GF103具备益生菌特性,可进一步研究其作为微生物添加剂在动物上的应用效果。 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival and colonization of Lactobacillus plantarum 301102 in porcine gastrointestinal tract and its influence on the intestinal microflora. This strain was isolated from traditional cheese from Inner Mongolia, China. Fermented milk prepared with strain 301102 was administered to pigs and fecal microflora was examined. Intestinal passage of strain 301102 was monitored by a combination of selection with selective medium and the carbohydrate fermentation test, and confirmed by analysis of plasmid DNA patterns. Colonization of this strain was assessed by recovery 7 days after administration. The numbers of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium cells in the feces of pigs administered fermented milk prepared with strain 301102 were increased. This strain was recovered from all the pigs during the administration period, and from four of six pigs 7 days after administration. L. plantarum 301102 can pass through the gastrointestinal tract, balance the intestinal microflora, and colonize the intestinal tract, and is therefore an appropriate candidate for a probiotic. 相似文献
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玉米、豆粕和麦麸抽提物对4株猪源乳酸杆菌耐酸能力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用模拟胃酸环境,检测饲料原料玉米、豆粕和麦麸抽提物对4株猪源乳酸杆菌耐酸性能的影响。结果表明:在pH 2.5模拟胃酸环境中处理3 h,约氏乳酸杆菌JJB3、SNZ10,罗伊氏乳酸杆菌MNZ8、KNZ4分别经90、30、60 min和30 min完全失活。添加豆粕和麦麸抽提物后,4株乳酸杆菌在pH 2.5模拟胃酸环境中处理3 h后活菌数没有显著变化。玉米抽提物只对JJB3具有很好的保护作用,可以延长SNZ10和KNZ4在酸性环境中的存活时间30 min,对MNZ8 30 min的成活率有一定的提高作用,但是不能延长它的存活时间。进一步的单因子分析表明,葡萄糖浓度变化显著影响乳酸杆菌的耐酸性,游离氨基氮含量对乳酸杆菌成活率几乎无影响。证明饲料原料豆粕和麦麸抽提物作为载体对4株乳酸杆菌耐酸性具有很好的保护作用,可作为提高乳酸杆菌制剂成活率的过瘤胃保护剂。 相似文献
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Probiotics are living microorganisms that provide a wide variety of health benefits to the host when ingested in adequate amounts. The bacterial strains most frequently used as probiotic agents are lactic acid bacteria, such as Lactobacillus reuteri, which is one of the few endogenous Lactobacillus species found in the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates, including humans, rats, pigs and chickens. L. reuteri is one of the most well documented probiotic species and has been widely utilized as a probiotic in humans and animals for many years. Initially, L. reuteri was used in humans to reduce the incidence and the severity of diarrhea, prevent colic and necrotic enterocolitis, and maintain a functional mucosal barrier. As interest in alternatives to in-feed antibiotics has grown in recent years, some evidence has emerged that probiotics may promote growth, improve the efficiency of feed utilization, prevent diarrhea, and regulate the immune system in pigs. In this review, the characteristics of L. reuteri are described, in order to update the evidence on the efficacy of using L. reuteri in pigs. 相似文献
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Ewaschuk JB Zello GA Naylor JM 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(3):614-619
D-lactate, produced by gastrointestinal fermentation, is a major contributor to metabolic acidosis in diarrheic calves. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG survives gastrointestinal transit in the neonatal calf and does not produce D-lactate. To determine whether this probiotic reduces gastrointestinal D-lactate production or severity of diarrhea or both, 48 calves (mean, 11 days old; range, 2-30 days) admitted to the clinic for treatment of diarrhea were randomly allocated to 2 groups. The experimental group was given Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (1 x 10(11) cfu/d) PO, dissolved in milk or oral electrolyte solution, in addition to clinic treatment protocols; the other group served as a control. Serum and fecal samples were obtained at admission and at 24 and 48 hours after initial administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. All samples were analyzed for D- and L-lactate by using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Feces were also analyzed for pathogens, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG recovery, and dry matter. D-lactic acidemia (>3 mmol/L) was present in 37/48 calves at admission. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG was recovered in the feces of 13 experimental calves and 0 control calves 24 hours after administration. No difference in serum or fecal D- or L-lactate between the groups was detected at any time point. After therapy, D-lactic acidosis was absent at 48 hours in all but 1 calf. No relation between fecal pathogen (viral, bacterial, or protozoal) and degree of D-lactic acidosis was observed. The reduction in mortality and greater fecal dry matter in Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-treated calves was not statistically significant. 相似文献
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Marshall-Jones ZV Baillon ML Croft JM Butterwick RF 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(6):1005-1012
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with the probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM13241 in healthy adult cats. ANIMALS: 15 adult cats. PROCEDURES: Cats were fed a nutritionally complete dry food for 5 weeks. Fecal character was assessed daily, and a single fecal sample and 3-mL blood sample were collected for bacterial enumeration and hematologic analysis, respectively. Cats were then fed the same diet supplemented with L acidophilus DSM13241 (2 x 10(8) CFU/d) for 4.5 weeks. Repeat fecal and hematologic measurements were taken prior to the return to control diet for a 4-week period. RESULTS: The probiotic species was recovered from feces, demonstrating survival through the feline gastrointestinal tract. Probiotic supplementation was associated with increased numbers of beneficial Lactobacillus and L acidophilus groups in feces and decreased numbers of Clostridium spp and Enterococcus faecalis, indicating an altered bacterial balance in the gastrointestinal tract microflora. Fecal pH was also decreased suggesting a colonic environment selective for the beneficial lactic acid bacterial population. Systemic and immunomodulatory effects were associated with administration of L acidophilus DSM13241 including altered cell numbers within WBC subsets and enhanced phagocytic capacity in the peripheral granulocyte population. In addition, plasma endotoxin concentrations were decreased during probiotic feeding, and RBCs had a decreased susceptibility to osmotic pressure. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Probiotic strain L acidophilus DSM13241 fed at 2 x 10(8) CFU/d can alter the balance of gastrointestinal microflora in healthy cats. Furthermore, administration of this probiotic results in beneficial systemic and immunomodulatory effects in cats. 相似文献
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Weese JS Anderson ME 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2002,43(10):771-774
Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG) has been studied extensively as a probiotic in humans. However, the ability of an organism to survive passage through the intestinal tract and exert beneficial effects cannot be directly extrapolated between species. This study evaluated the ability of LGG to survive gastrointestinal transit in dogs and assessed whether oral administration of LGG is safe, in order to determine whether studies evaluating the efficacy of LGG in the treatment of canine disease are indicated. Dogs were divided into 5 groups receiving doses of 0 (control group, n = 4), 1 x 10(9) (group 1, n = 8), 1 x 10(10) (group 2, n = 8), 5 x 10(10) (group 3, n = 8) and 5 x 10(11) (group 4, n = 4) colony forming units per day, orally, for 5 days. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG was detected in the feces of 4/8 dogs in groups 1 and 2, 5/8 dogs in group 3, 4/4 dogs in group 4, and 0/4 dogs in the control group. Fecal colonization was significantly greater in group 4 than in any other group (P < 0.001). Differences between groups 1, 2, and 3 were not significant. No adverse effects were noted. Fecal colonization of LGG in dogs is somewhat variable; however, clinical studies are indicated to evaluate this organism in the treatment and prevention of canine disease. 相似文献
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为了研究植物乳杆菌、布氏乳杆菌对甘蔗尾青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响。试验共分为10组,A组为对照组,添加生理盐水;B、C、D组为植物乳杆菌添加组,分别在新鲜甘蔗尾中添加10、20和30 mL/kg植物乳杆菌液;E、F、G组为布氏乳杆菌添加组,在新鲜甘蔗尾中分别添加10、20和30 mL/kg布氏乳杆菌液;H、I、J组为植物乳杆菌、布氏乳杆菌联合添加组,在新鲜甘蔗尾中分别添加10、20和30 mL/kg布氏乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌等体积混合的菌液。每组3个重复。室温青贮40 d,结束后采样测定青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性。结果显示：与对照组相比,添加植物乳杆菌组降低了甘蔗尾青贮pH,显著增加乳酸含量（P<0.05）,且随着植物乳杆菌添加量的升高而升高。与添加植物乳杆菌相比,添加布氏乳杆菌组甘蔗尾青贮中乳酸含量显著降低（P<0.05）,乙酸含量显著升高（P<0.05）,且均随着布氏乳杆菌添加量的提高效果更显著;添加布氏乳杆菌组甘蔗尾青贮有氧稳定性较对照组提高48 h。布氏乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌联合组甘蔗尾青贮中乳酸含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,且干物质损失较单独添加布氏乳杆菌组有所降低,且能够提高青贮可溶性碳水化合物（WSC）利用效率。综上所述,植物乳杆菌与布氏乳杆菌联合处理（添加量达到2×106 CFU/g鲜重,I组）青贮甘蔗尾能够有效提高青贮品质和有氧稳定性。 相似文献
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以益生菌植物乳杆菌LIP-1为研究对象,MRS基础培养基为对照,通过改变培养基的成分及其含量（碳源、氮源、碳氮总量及碳氮比、缓冲盐）,研究培养基成分的变化对植物乳杆菌LIP-1高密度培养的活菌数以及冷冻干燥后存活率的影响。结果表明：通过优化工艺和配方确定的最佳培养基组成为碳源（蔗糖）添加量33.35 g/L、复合氮源（酵母粉、大豆蛋白胨、酪蛋白胨质量比3∶3∶5）添加量10.80 g/L、缓冲盐（乙酸钠、磷酸氢二钾、柠檬酸钠质量比2.5∶1∶1）添加量14.85 g/L（即0.13 mol/L）;用优化后 相似文献
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乳杆菌属是乳酸菌类群中最大的一个属,在乳酸杆菌的研究和应用中,分类鉴定是其中的一个重要领域。由于乳杆菌属内许多种间的表型特征难以区别,利用生理生化实验方法往往无法进行准确鉴定。近几年,随着分子生物学的飞速发展,从分子和基因水平来认识乳酸菌的遗传结构和分类已成为可能,而采用常规的16SrDNA序列同源性分析不能将相近的植物乳杆菌群和干酪乳杆菌群分别鉴定到种及亚种的水平,目前许多新的分子鉴定技术和分类方法被用来进行相近乳酸菌的分类和鉴定。本文结合自己的试验归纳出如蛋白酶编码基因序列分析、扩增片段长度多态性分析、种间特异性PCR等九种用于区分和鉴定植物乳杆菌群和干酪乳杆菌群的分子技术和方法,对乳酸菌的多相分类学研究和工业化生产具有的重要意义。 相似文献
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I Styriak V Demecková R Nemcová 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1999,112(8):301-304
Four gut Lactobacillus strains displaying the features which make them particularly promising for the preparation of probiotic products were investigated together with 5 fresh isolates and one collection strain of Lactobacillus plantarum for their ability to bind type I collagen (Cn-I). Immobilised Cn-I in microtitre plates was bound only by 3 strains of gut lactobacilli from piglets and the collection strain Lactobacillus plantarum LHI 10 from Prague in range of A570nm readings 0.114-0.221. Six strains (isolates from turkeys and a calf) did not bind Cn-I (A570nm < 0.1) in this assay. An influence of cultivation medium on Cn-I binding was significant (P < 0.001) in all four adherent strains. Significantly higher (P < 0.001) binding of Cn-I was observed for Lactobacillus casei L 81 and Lactobacillus plantarum LHI 10 grown on solid medium (MRS agar) than for MRS broth-grown cells, however, Lactobacillus plantarum L 5 and Lactobacillus fermentum L 435 expressed significantly (P < 0.001) higher Cn-I binding during cultivation in MRS broth. The specificity of the binding was confirmed because the Cn-I binding by lactobacilli after their preincubation with this protein was completely abolished. Three selected inhibitors (fucoidan, heparan sulphate and hyaluronic acid) significantly (P < 0.001) reduced Cn-I binding by the Lactobacillus plantarum L 5 strain. Following up on some earlier strain characteristics, these results suggest that the selected piglets lactobacilli are also able to bind Cn-I and therefore should antagonize collagen niche colonization by various enteropathogens when used for probiotic purposes. 相似文献
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1. This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using a transformed Lactobacillus reuteri Pg4 strain harbouring a rumen fungal xylanase gene as a probiotic supplement in a wheat-based poultry diet. 2. A total of 400 broiler chicks was allocated to two treatment groups with or without supplementation with 10(6) colony forming units (cfu)/g of transformed L. reuteri Pg4 in a wheat-based regimen to investigate the performance, intestinal microflora populations, digesta viscosity and excreta ammonia concentrations in these broiler chickens. 3. Supplementation of the wheat-based diet with transformed L. reuteri Pg4 decreased intestinal viscosity, caecal coliform population, and increased body weight gain and ileal villus height and crypt depth from 0 to 21 d of age. It also decreased excreta ammonia concentrations, and increased the caecal total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and lactic acid concentrations from 0 to 21 d and 22 to 37 d of age. 4. Further, it was demonstrated that 40% of the Lactobacillus cells randomly isolated from the digesta of the ileum and caecum of the supplemented group possessed xylanase secretion capability. 5. It appears reasonable to assume, therefore, that the derived benefit is a result of the organism surviving, and the associated performance of some function in the intestinal tract which benefits gut health. 相似文献