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1.
国产妥曲珠利对小鼠的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
为了探讨妥曲珠利对小鼠的毒性作用,评价其临床用药的安全性,进行了妥曲珠利对小鼠的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验.结果表明,妥曲珠利对小鼠无毒性作用,经口LD50为5 011 mg/kg.妥曲珠利以500、100、20 mg/kg给小鼠连续灌胃30 d,500mg/kg表现出生长缓慢、肝脏损伤,100mg/kg和20 mg/kg剂量组鼠的体重、脏器系数、血液指标均与空白对照组无差异(P＞0.05).表明妥曲珠利毒性小,临床推荐剂量是安全的.  相似文献   

2.
本试验旨在研究饮水中添加不同水平妥曲珠利对肉鸡生长性能和免疫机能的影响.288只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为4组.各组日粮相同,对照组(1组)饮用自来水,试验组(2组、3组和4组)于8～10日龄连续3d饮水中分别添加妥曲珠利25mg/L、50 mg/L和100 mg/L,试验期42 d.结果表明,妥曲珠利对肉鸡生长性能和血清新城疫抗体效价均无显著影响(P＞0.05);25mg/L和50 mg/L妥曲珠利组肉鸡28日龄胸腺指数和脾脏指数显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),100mg/L妥曲珠利组肉鸡28日龄腔上囊指数显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);50 mg/L妥曲珠利组外周血T淋巴细胞的转化率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).可见,饮水中添加25 mg/L和50 mg/L妥曲珠利对肉鸡免疫机能有一定促进作用.  相似文献   

3.
鸡组织中地克珠利和妥曲珠利残留HPLC检测方法的建立   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
建立了同时检测鸡组织中地克珠利和妥曲珠利残留的高效液相色谱.经乙腈提取,正己烷脱脂,旋转蒸发浓缩后,以0.05mol/L磷酸/三乙胺(pH3.0):乙腈(40:60)作为流动相,反相高效液相色谱-紫外检测法检测,检测波长240 nm.鸡组织中地克珠利和妥曲珠利的回收率分别为92.0%～102.0%和83.4%～89.0%,变异系数为5.9%～12.2%,地克殊利和妥曲珠利的检测限分别为0.012 mg/kg和0.010 mg/kg,在0.05～1.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性相关.该法样品处理简单,可同时检测地克珠利和妥曲珠利的残留,且准确度和精密度均符合残留分析的要求.  相似文献   

4.
(目的)本试验旨在研究饮水中添加不同水平妥曲珠利对肉鸡血清生化指标的影响及停药后在肝脏沉积量的消减特点。(方法)选用288只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分4组,每组6个重复。对照组(1组)饮用常规自来水,2组、3组和4组于8~10日龄饮水中分别添加妥曲珠利25、50、100mg/L,其它时间饮用常规自来水,试验期42d。(结果)结果表明,25mg/L妥曲珠利对肉鸡血清淀粉酶活性无显著影响(P0.05),可显著提高血清总蛋白和葡萄糖含量(P0.05);50mg/L和100mg/L妥曲珠利使血清淀粉酶活性和总蛋白含量显著降低(P0.05);25mg/L、50mg/L和100mg/L妥曲珠利使血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性显著或极显著下降(P0.05或P0.01)。肝脏中妥曲珠利沉积量具有显著剂量效应。停药7d,各试验组均已检测不出妥曲珠利。药物沉积量下降趋势符合指数函数模型,经预测模型计算得出,2组、3组、4组分别于停药后5.02、6.10、6.59d肝脏中沉积的妥曲珠利基本消失。(结论)综上所述,妥曲珠利对肉鸡血清生化指标的影响及其在肝脏中的沉积量均具有明显剂量效应,停药后肝脏药物的衰减速度较快。  相似文献   

5.
为了解妥曲珠利纳米乳在鸡体内的药物动力学过程,按7mg/kg经口灌服妥曲珠利纳米乳,高效液相色谱法测定血药浓度,通过3P87药物动力学程序软件分析药时数据,同时以妥曲珠利溶液为对照。结果表明,健康肉鸡单次灌服妥曲珠利纳米乳和妥曲珠利溶液后血药浓度-时间数据均符合有吸收二室模型,主要药代动力学参数分别为:T1/2α:11.202h±0.707h和4.203h±0.303h,T1/2β:46.689h±9.247h和23.774h±1.744h,AUC:368.958(μg·mL-1)h±37.36)/(μg·mL-1)h和175.249(μg·mL-1)h±14.256)/(μg·mL-1)h。提示妥曲珠利纳米乳在鸡体内具有明显的缓释性,同时生物利用度极显著提高。  相似文献   

6.
本试验旨在研究妥曲珠利对肉鸡屠宰性能的影响及其在肌肉中的残留。选取288只初生AA肉鸡,随机分4组,每组6个重复,饲喂相同基础日粮,对照组(1组)饮用常规自来水,试验组(2、3、4组)810日龄饮水中分别添加25、50、100 mg/L妥曲珠利,试验期42 d。结果表明:妥曲珠利对肉鸡屠宰性能无显著影响(P>0.05),在肌肉中沉积的剂量效应显著(P<0.05);药物沉积量下降趋势符合指数函数模型,根据模型预测,2、3、4组胸肌中妥曲珠利分别于停药后3.42、4.74、5.73 d衰减到HPLC法最低检测限(74.45 ng/g)。综上所述,饮水中添加低于100 mg/L的妥曲珠利对肉鸡屠宰性能无影响,该药在肌肉中沉积的剂量效应显著。  相似文献   

7.
为了评价二硫代碳酸香芹酚酯的抗球虫效果,将其按100、150、200mg/kg浓度添加于饲料中治疗人工感染鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病,设妥曲珠利25mg/kg、地克珠利2mg/kg浓度拌料给药作对照。结果显示,二硫代碳酸香芹酚酯高、中两种剂量治疗鸡球虫病具有良好的效果,抗球虫指数均在160以上,与妥曲珠利的效果相当,属于中效抗球虫药。临床推荐150mg/kg拌料给药,连用7d。  相似文献   

8.
妥曲珠利在肉鸡组织中残留的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测肉鸡肌肉、肝脏和肾脏组织中妥曲珠利的残留量。将妥曲珠利以20、200和2 000μg/kg的含量分别添加到空白组织中,测得肌肉、肝脏和肾脏组织的回收率大于75%,变异系数均低于7%。用该方法测定肌肉、肝脏和肾脏组织中妥曲珠利的最低检测限为10μg/kg。肉鸡分别在第9,10,16,17,23,24天以8 mg/kg的剂量灌服2.5%妥曲珠利溶液,每天给药1次。最后一次给药后测定不同组织中妥曲珠利的浓度。停药后肌肉、肝脏、肾脏组织中妥曲珠利的残留量逐渐下降;停药第6天后肌肉中检测不到妥曲珠利,停药后第7天肝脏和肾脏组织中均检测不到。  相似文献   

9.
目的:探究妥曲珠利在肉鸡体内的药动学及其在组织中的残留。方法:选取30只刚出生的肉鸡作为本次研究的受试对象,通过单次不同剂量给药,分别为4mg/kg·bw组、8mg/kg·bw组以及24mg/kg·bw组。同时采用拉沙菌素进行对照。分析不同剂量的妥曲珠利以及拉沙菌素的药动学,并进行比较。结果:研究结果显示,三组的t1/2α(h)、t1/2β(h)、V/F(L/kg)、CL(s)(L/h)以及AUC(μg·h/mL)分别为,4mg/kg·bw组:(4.10±0.32)、(26.86±3.26)、(0.33±0.05)、(0.04±0.01)、(92.78±15.34);8mg/kg?bw组:(4.31±0.98)、(23.45±32.94)、(0.39±0.08)、(0.05±0.01)、(174.15±34.16);24mg/kg·bw组:(6.01±0.28)、(25.89±3.89)、(0.52±0.08)、(0.05±0.01)、(307.15±42.56)。测得拉沙菌素的t1/2α(h)、t1/2β(h)、V/F(L/kg)、CL(s)(L/h)以及AUC(μg·h/mL)分别为(4.23±1.03)、(24.78±3.85)、(0.36±0.08)、(0.04±0.01)、(183.12±28.94)。对比结果差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05)。同时对肉鸡体内的残留妥曲珠利检测发现,停药后,肉鸡的肌肉、肝脏等组织中的残留量逐渐下降,并且在停药6天后肉鸡的肌肉中未检测到,7天后肉鸡的肝脏以及肾脏中均检测不到。结论:妥曲珠利在肉鸡体内的药动学与拉沙菌素药动学比较无显著的差异。  相似文献   

10.
采用反溶剂法制备妥曲珠利微晶体,利用显微镜观察妥曲珠利微晶体与妥曲珠利原药显微特征差异,并在25℃条件下测定两者体外溶出速率差异。将12只家兔随机分为2组,每组6只,分别按药物剂量10mg/kg灌胃,单剂量给药,采用HPLC检测血药浓度;用DAS2.0药代动力学程序计算药代动力学参数。结果显示,成功制备了妥曲珠利微晶体,微晶体与原药的显微特征差异明显,体外溶出速率明显加快;家兔单剂量灌胃妥曲珠利和微晶体后,主要药动学参数Cmax分别为（8.925±0.360）mg/L和（12.510±0.525）mg/L,tmax均为24h,AUC（0-∞）分别为（411.605±20.918）mg/（L·h）和（578.650±11.664）mg/（L·h）,相对生物利用度为140.6%,药时数据符合一级吸收二室模型。结果表明,HPLC法适用于妥曲珠利血浆浓度的测定;妥曲珠利微晶体与妥曲珠利原药相比,体内吸收速率和吸收程度有较大的提高。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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