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自１９５９年中国从朝鲜引进虹鳟以后，又先后从前苏联、日本、法国引进了养鳟技术，养鳟业开始在中国萌芽。此后经历了将近２０年的沉默，上世纪８０年代后期养鳟业开始向全国普及，１９９６年后又先后引进了金鳟、山女鳟、白点鲑、褐鳟、大西洋鲑等品种，中国养鳟业由虹鳟单一品种养殖进入了多品种养殖的发展新时期。现在全国至少有２６个省、市、区发展了养鳟业，养鳟场户达８００余家，年产鳟鱼约６０００～８０００吨，已开发利用的冷水资源流量达４０～６０米３／秒。随着养鳟业的发展，鳟鱼游钓、鳟鱼饲料加工、鳟鱼食品加工等相关产… 相似文献
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本文阐述了养鳟业的经济意义和价值,并从养鳟用水和生产方式、苗种生产、食用鱼养成、养鳟饲料、海水养鳟,疾病防治等方面总结了养鳟基本技术,同时对我国养鳟历史作了回顾,提出了我国养鳟业的发展前景。 相似文献
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本溪位于辽东山区，养鳟条件优越，近年养鳟业发展迅速，形成了一定规模，带动了辽东地区养鳟事业。全市有国营养鳟场1处，集体养鳟场7处，个体户养鳟200户，养鳟面积120亩。年产鳟鱼30多万公斤。为丰富菜篮子，开辟农村致富门路起到了重要作用。 相似文献
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<正> 仔鱼开口饲料质量的好坏直接关系到虹鳟苗种生产的成败,苗种生产的成败影响着养鳟业的发展。大凡养鳟发达的国家和地区均有 相似文献
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中国养鳟业的发展及存在问题 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
一、中国养鳟业的技术特点1959年原国家水产部将朝鲜赠送的虹鳟鱼发眼卵和稚鱼交给黑龙江水产研究所时,国内还没有一个字的养鳟技术资料,养鳟研究从零起步。此后历经30年之久,立足于自行研究又先后汲取了俄罗斯大麻哈鱼人繁技术,日本、法国的养鳟和饲料加工技术,至80年代中期,确立了以人繁、养殖、常见病防治、全价硬颗粒饲料加工以及养鳟设施设计为主要内容的全人工养殖技术,开创了养鳟研究这一新的水产科研领域。至今这套技术仍然是养鳟业持续发展的重要支撑。其基本特点主要有以下几个方面。繁殖适宜水温是2～13℃,繁殖盛期是12～1月份。… 相似文献
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近年来北京地区在发展养鳟业的同时开发了虹鳟池塘游钓业，从其兴旺景象可以想象到随着社会生活的进步，将会出现更具文化气息的鳟鱼增殖游钓业，人们会在游戏山河、垂钓鳟鱼之中去体味贴近自然的鱼水情趣。我们曾有机会了解了一些日本的山女鳟河溪增殖游钓业的情况，受其启发认为这项产业在中国也会有很大的发展空间。本文试图通过对山女鳟产业的开发及山女鳟生态习性等情况的介绍来说明开发这项产业的可行性。 相似文献
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本文通过养鳟发展的历史进程,指出了饲料在虹鳟养殖发展中的作用。并根据当前中国养鳟状况阐述了中国养鳟饲料的现状以及存在的问题,并展望了饲料工业的发展前景。 相似文献
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国际虹鳟育种产业简介及其对我国的借鉴意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss原产于北美地区,为典型的冷水性鱼类,是世界性重要经济养殖鱼类之一和水产遗传育种领域的重要研究对象。虹鳟是最早采用数量遗传学理论指导遗传选育的水产动物之一,BLUP育种值估计和配合力分析等遗传评定方法以及家系选育、杂交和配套系育种等技术均在虹鳟育种实践中广泛应用。淡水鱼类养殖中,必须使用遗传选育的优良品种的行业共识,最早在虹鳟中确立。目前,在欧洲、北美以及智利等主要鲑鳟鱼养殖国家和地区,虹鳟良种覆盖率均已达到90%以上。鉴于虹鳟仍是我国养殖产量最高的鲑鳟鱼类,其育种工作在许多非原产国都取得了令人瞩目的成就,本文以全球化的视角,从虹鳟养殖与选育的历史概况、虹鳟种业的主要技术手段及产业格局、主要虹鳟育种机构的组织形式与类型特点等方面,简要介绍了国际虹鳟种业的发展及对我国虹鳟种业的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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为了能够成功表达虹鳟IgM,本研究利用生物信息学软件对虹鳟IgM的亲水性及抗原性进行了分析,根据GenBank收录的虹鳟IgM重链恒定区,参照生物信息学分析结果,设计用于扩增截短的IgM基因的引物,以虹鳟头肾RNA提取物为模板,利用RT-PCR方法扩增虹鳟截短的IgM重链恒定区部分基因片段,连接原核表达载体pET-27b,利用大肠杆菌Rosetta进行表达。SDS-PAGE及HPLC结果显示,纯化后截短的IgM大小约为47.7 ku,且纯度达到90%。利用其制备兔抗血清后ELISA分析结果显示,所制备的兔抗血清与本研究所表达的截短IgM蛋白的反应效价为1∶40 000,与虹鳟血清提取的全长IgM反应效价为1∶20 000并且呈现出抗原计量依赖性。研究表明,重组IgM蛋白与虹鳟血清中的天然IgM重链恒定区具有近似的结构,利用其所制备的兔抗血清能够与虹鳟鱼体中的天然IgM发生特异性反应。 相似文献
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This study examined how muscle metabolic organization varied during an annual cycle in which rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were held in outdoor holding ponds in which they were exposed to natural changes in temperature (range 0.2 to 15.6°C) and
photoperiod. We examined the activities of glycolytic and mitochondrial enzymes in red and white muscle to evaluate whether
trout enhance their capacity for lipid and carbohydrate oxidation during cold-acclimization. When assayed at habitat temperature,
the enzyme activities generally increased in spring to reach a maximum in summer followed by a decrease in the fall. This
led to significantly higher activities at warm than cold periods for all enzymes measured in red muscle and all but one in
white muscle. The activities at 10°C provided little evidence for compensatory adjustments of aerobic capacity. Particularly
in red muscle, enzyme levels at 10°C were generally lower during cold than warm periods. The variation of enzyme activities
throughout the cycle was not due to changes in protein concentration, as the same responses were observed when activities
were expressed per g wet mass or per mg protein. Although the aerobic capacity did not increase with cold-acclimatization,
the relative capacity for lipid oxidation was higher in winter than in summer trout. In contrast, the relative capacity for
aerobic glycolysis was higher in summer than in winter trout. Thus, the metabolic capacities of trout muscle undergo seasonal
reorganization. 相似文献
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Dietary yeast culture supplementation improves initial rearing of McConaughy strain rainbow trout 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The addition of a yeast culture food supplement (DVAqua from Diamond V. Mills, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA) was evaluated during feeding of McConaughy strain rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Two trials were run consecutively, starting with initial feeding, and were replicated over 2 years. The yeast culture was added to commercial trout starter at levels of 0.125 and 0.25 g kg?1. The number of rainbow trout that died during the first 4 weeks of rearing was significantly reduced in the tanks receiving either of the yeast culture‐supplemented diets compared with the tanks receiving a control starter diet. Ending tank weights and gain were significantly and consistently greater in the tanks fed the 0.25 g kg?1 yeast culture diet. Individual fish weights were also significantly heavier in the fish‐fed yeast culture containing diets in each year of the study at the end of 27 days. In the trials from 4 to 8 weeks postinitial feeding, mortality rates were significantly less only in the tanks receiving 0.25 g kg?1 yeast culture supplementation. Individual fish lengths and weights at the end of the second trial were significantly greater in the tanks receiving either level of yeast culture compared with the control diet only in 1 year. Total tank weights and feed conversion were not significantly different between any of the treatments. The inclusion of DVAqua yeast culture provided significant increases in trout survival and growth through the first 4 weeks of feeding, with continued benefits for the next 4 weeks. 相似文献
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The importance of family × temperature interactions on growth traits was evaluated using two-and-one-half year old rainbow trout grown at 7°C and 15°C in two test periods. Growth was quantitatively different in the two test periods. Nevertheless, both measures of growth (gain in forklength and instantaneous growth rate for weight) exhibited significant family × temperature interactions in both test periods. Furthermore, families ranked differently at the two temperatures for both growth traits in both periods. Thus, selection for temperature specific strains of trout may be desirable to improve growth rates. Generally, the response to selection for growth at a cold temperature should be more rapid when breeding stock is selected on its performance at that temperature rather than at a warm temperature, unless generation intervals are much longer at the cold temperature compared with warmer temperatures. 相似文献