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麦洼牦牛干乳期乳的生化性质 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了１９头麦洼牦牛干乳期乳中γ－谷胺酰转肽酶，淀粉酶，碱性磷酸酶，乳过氧化物酶的活力，乳蛋白，乳糖，乳脂的含量及乳蛋白的组成，并测定了Ｋ，Ｎａ，Ｃａ，Ｍｇ，Ｐ的含量。结果显示：同常乳期相比，干乳期乳中γ－ＧＴ，ＡＫＰ的活力及乳蛋白，乳脂的含量显著提高，而乳糖含量下降。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究水牛初乳和常乳主要组分的动态变化规律。采用乳品分析仪对摩本杂水牛(摩拉水牛×德宏水牛)初乳和常乳中乳脂、乳糖、乳蛋白、总固形物(TS)和非脂固形物(SNF)等含量进行测定,用SDS-PAGE对乳蛋白各组分进行分离,并利用凝胶成像系统进行扫描定量。结果表明,初乳中乳糖含量随泌乳天数的增加逐渐升高;乳蛋白、总固形物(TS)和非脂固形物(SNF)含量呈下降趋势;初乳中乳脂含量变化不规则,出现小幅波动;蛋白质各组分中乳铁蛋白(LF)、血清白蛋白(SA)、免疫球蛋白(Igs)含量第1天最高,以后开始下降;酪蛋白(CN)在乳蛋白百分比含量中占优势,随着泌乳天数的增加逐渐升高;β-乳球蛋白(β-LG)第1天含量低,第5 和7天达到最高值;α-乳白蛋白(α-LA)第1天最低,第2天急剧上升,以后变化平稳。常乳中大部分组分含量比较稳定,有时有波动,但各天数之间差异不显著。研究结果显示,水牛乳中大部分组分的含量在初乳中变化较大,初乳的营养价值高于常乳。 相似文献
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为了研究猪分娩后7 d内乳成分的变异规律及国内外猪初乳成分的差异,试验通过中外文数据平台检索方式和Meta分析方法对初乳中乳蛋白、乳糖、乳脂和总固形物进行了研究,采用R语言(4.1. 0)分析了时间与猪分娩后7 d内乳成分的相关性,同时还分析了国内外猪分娩后>0～8 h的初乳中乳蛋白、乳糖和乳脂差异情况。结果表明:与>120～168 h相比,>0～8 h乳蛋白含量和总固形物含量显著降低(P<0.05),乳糖含量和乳脂含量显著升高(P<0.05)。时间与乳蛋白、总固形物呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与乳糖、乳脂呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。乳蛋白与乳糖、乳脂呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与总固形物呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);乳糖与乳脂呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与总固形物呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);乳脂与总固形物呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。乳蛋白含量国内研究结果显著高于国外研究(P<0.05),乳糖含量国内研究高于国外研究但差异不显著(P>0.05),乳脂含量国外研究显著高于国内研究(... 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2020,(2)
为探究荷斯坦牛围产后期乳成分变化规律及其影响因素,本研究采集了79头新产母牛产后0～7 d每次挤奶的牛奶样品,测定1 573份样品的乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、牛奶尿素氮含量和乳干物质率,比较初乳和常乳在各项乳成分上的差异,并分析乳成分在母牛产后随时间的变化趋势,利用SAS 9.2软件分析胎次和挤奶时间对乳成分的影响。结果表明:与新产牛产后第1次分泌的牛奶相比,产后第2次分泌的牛奶中的乳成分已发生改变;乳脂率、乳蛋白率和乳干物质率在产后逐渐下降(P<0.05),而乳糖率和牛奶尿素氮含量在产后逐渐上升(P<0.05);除乳脂率外,其他乳成分在产后第7天尚未达到常乳水平(P<0.05);胎次对初乳的乳脂率和乳蛋白率均有显著影响,挤奶间隔时长造成早中晚所产牛奶在乳脂率、乳蛋白率和牛奶尿素氮含量上存在显著差异。因此,选择初乳及过渡乳饲喂犊牛时,应充分考虑产后时间、胎次和挤奶间隔等因素对营养成分造成的影响。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2010,(21)
为了研究山羊不同泌乳阶段乳成分动态变化规律,试验随机选取不同泌乳阶段的简阳大耳羊泌乳母羊,采集乳样测定乳成分和乳中氨基酸含量。结果表明:(1)初乳(1 d)中非脂固体物、乳蛋白、乳脂肪、乳糖、灰分、钙、磷含量以及pH值分别为20.30%、7.52%、9.10%,11.93%、0.88%、0.35%、0.14%和6.57;常乳中非脂固体物、乳蛋白、乳脂肪、乳糖、灰分、钙、磷含量以及pH值分别为9.01%、3.17%、6.91%、5.05%、0.76%、0.16%、0.11%和6.60。(2)初乳中氨基酸含量较高的是谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸和亮氨酸,含量较低的是缬氨酸、蛋氨酸和甘氨酸;常乳中氨基酸含量较高的是谷氨酸、脯氨酸和赖氨酸,含量较低的是缬氨酸、丙氨酸和胱氨酸。 相似文献
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试验旨在分析绵羊初乳和常乳乳蛋白质组的差异，揭示绵羊不同泌乳阶段的乳蛋白质组特征。选用6只胎次相同、预产期相近的湖羊母羊，分别采集分娩后第1、3、7天的初乳和第14、28、56天的常乳，每个时间点采集6份奶样并等体积混合，离心弃去乳脂肪，采用双向电泳（2-DE）技术对初乳和常乳的脱脂乳蛋白进行比较分析。结果发现，初乳中乳蛋白含量较高，且随着泌乳期的延伸，乳蛋白含量降低。以第1天乳蛋白2-DE图谱为参照，第3天检测到38个差异蛋白点，其中有20个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第3天图谱中，其余17个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异；第7天检测到35个差异蛋白点，其中有19个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第7天图谱中，其余15个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异；第14天检测到34个差异蛋白点，其中有11个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第14天图谱中，其余22个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异；第28天检测到38个差异蛋白点，其中有28个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第28天图谱中，其余9个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异；第56天检测到36个差异蛋白点，其中有26个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第56天图谱中，其余9个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异。综上，共检测出44个差异表达的蛋白点，其中有8个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，而这些蛋白主要涉及免疫活性功能。 相似文献
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Fat and cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of mares' colostrums and milk during five lactation months 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this study, the effect of the lactation stage on changes in the fat and cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of colostrum and milk of Wielkopolska mares' was investigated. Colostrum and milk samples from 10 lactating mares were collected at the beginning of lactation, on the 1st and 2nd day after foaling and then, starting from the first month of lactation, at 4 weeks' intervals up to the fifth month of lactation. Statistically significant differences were found between mares' colostrum and milk in the fat and cholesterol content as well as in the percentage rate of total fatty acids which occurred in significant quantities. Together with the lengthening of the lactation time, the content of fat and cholesterol in the mares' milk was observed to decrease. The authors also found a significant impact of the lactation period on changes in the ratio of polyenoic fatty acids from the n-6 to n-3 family. Bearing in mind the fat and cholesterol content and a more favourable (from the nutritional point of view) ratio of fatty acids from the family of n-6 to n-3, it is recommended to collect milk from mares in the 4th and 5th month of lactation. 相似文献
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Composition of sow milk during lactation 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The composition of sow colostrum and milk was quantitated in 25 sows at 14 time points throughout lactation. All animals belonged to the same experimental herd of German Landrace, farrowed within 4 d, and were of various lactation numbers and various litter sizes. In the first 6 h of lactation colostrum total solids (TS) and protein contents were higher, while fat and lactose contents were lower than in mature milk. Decreased total protein and whey protein contents and concomitantly increased fat and lactose content, with nearly unchanged TS levels, indicate transition from colostrum to mature milk. The high protein content of colostrum was largely due to immunoglobulin (Ig). During the first 6 h, IgG accounts for nearly all the protein in colostrum but plays a decreasing role in sow milk as lactation proceeds. After 2 wk, IgA levels begin to increase and at the end of lactation, IgA constitutes 40% of the total whey protein. No influences of lactation number and litter size on milk composition could be ascertained in this study. 相似文献
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猪乳中常规成分、胰鸟素和表皮生长因子浓度的动态变化 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
选择8头3～4胎、产仔9～13头的健康大长北(大约克×长白×北京黑猪)母猪，对其分娩后35d泌乳期内初乳和常乳中的常规成分、胰岛素和表皮生长因子进行了动态分析。结果表明，母猪刚分娩时其初乳中乳蛋白、总固型物、胰岛素和表皮生长因子的浓度均高于常乳(P<0.05)，乳糖和乳脂则随泌乳期延长而增加，分娩后3d内这种变化显著(P<0.05)，而常乳中则变化不明显。 相似文献
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Yoshiya Kanno Hiromichi Ohtsuka Yasunaga Yoshikawa Kiyotaka Watanabe Koichi Orino 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(7):556-561
Anti‐ferritin autoantibody is a ferritin‐binding protein commonly found in mammals; it is thought to form an immune complex with ferritin and thereby mediate the rapid clearance of circulating ferritin. The aim of this study is to determine concentrations of ferritin and anti‐ferritin autoantibodies (immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgG and IgA) in serum and colostrum of Holstein (H) and Japanese Black (JB) cows within 24 h of normal calving. Blood and colostrum samples were collected from cows of various ages (2–11 years) and calving number (1–8 live births). Mean ferritin concentrations were higher in colostrum than in serum for both breeds, and higher colostrum ferritin concentrations were found in H than JB cows. IgA antibodies in serum and colostrum from both breeds had negligible ferritin‐binding activity. For both breeds, IgM and IgG antibodies had higher ferritin‐binding activity in colostrum than in serum. There was a significant correlation between IgM and IgG ferritin‐binding activities in serum and colostrum of H and JB cows. These results suggest that ferritin and IgM and IgG autoantibodies are actively transferred from the blood stream to the colostrum at prepartum or early lactation. 相似文献
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Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like activity was measured in mares' colostrum and milk by radioreceptor assay. Milk samples were collected from 22 mares 1 or more times during early lactation. Samples of colostrum were taken after parturition and before the foal first suckled (presuckle), within 6 hours after the foal first suckled (postsuckle), and on days 1, 2, 4, and 8 of lactation. In the 5 mares from which milk samples were obtained at each sampling time, presuckle colostral mean EGF-like activity (17.8 ng/ml) was greatest (P less than 0.05). The mean values for EGF-like activity at all other sampling times were not significantly different from each other (postsuckle colostrum, 9.7 ng/ml; day 1, 9.6 ng/ml; day 2, 8.5 ng/ml; day 4, 8.0 ng/ml; day 8, 7.8 ng/ml). 相似文献
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The aim of the study was to compare antioxidative/oxidative profile in blood, colostrum and milk of early post‐partum cows during their first and second lactation. A total of 19 healthy, primiparous cows were included in experiment and samples were collected during 2 years from the same animals immediately after parturition, 24, 48 h as well as 6 and 12 days later. All parameters including the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the content of vitamin A, C as well as the contents of products of lipid and protein peroxidation were determined by the use of spectrophotometric methods. Comparing the profile within lactation, TAC and GSH‐Px activity in blood showed decreasing trends, while parameters of lipid and protein peroxidation fluctuated. All examined parameters in colostrum and milk except from intermediates of lipid peroxidation exhibited increasing trends. These results which showed dynamic changes of antioxidative/oxidative profile not only in blood but also in colostrum/milk within examined period of time suggested appropriate answer of organism to current challenge. Moreover, not uniform but detectable changes between first and second lactation suggested that two consecutive lactations are not the same. Comparing first and second lactation, TAC and parameters of lipid and protein peroxidation in blood showed increasing tendency in second as first lactation while GSH‐Px activity was opposite. The content of antioxidative vitamins and SH groups in colostrum/milk showed increasing tendency in second as first lactation, while TAC and content of end products of lipid peroxidation showed opposite trend, and GSH‐Px together with intermediates of lipid peroxidation remained stable. Molecular and biochemical background for it require further elucidation. 相似文献
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低聚壳聚糖对母猪繁殖性能、泌乳性能和血浆生化指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加低聚壳聚糖对母猪繁殖性能、泌乳性能和血浆生化指标的影响。选择24头胎次、体重和预产期相近的健康大白猪母猪,随机分为3个组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组饲粮在基础饲粮中分别添加50和100 g/t的低聚壳聚糖。试验从母猪妊娠第85天时开始,至分娩后第21天时结束。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加低聚壳聚糖可显著增加母猪的健仔数和哺乳期平均日采食量(P0.05),显著降低母猪的产程(P0.05),且在一定程度上可改善母猪的便秘和降低母猪的背膘厚损失;与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组仔猪的初生窝重显著增加(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组母猪的哺乳期泌乳量显著增加(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组母猪初乳中乳脂肪含量显著增加(P0.05),试验Ⅰ组初乳中尿素氮(UN)含量和常乳中精氨酸、总氨基酸、限制性氨基酸含量显著增加(P0.05)。3)试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组母猪的血浆谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性显著低于对照组(P0.05),各组的血浆碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性和总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、UN、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(CHO)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量均无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加低聚壳聚糖对母猪的繁殖性能和泌乳性能均有一定的促进作用。综合本研究结果,50 g/t低聚壳聚糖为母猪饲粮中的最佳添加剂量。 相似文献