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前期研究通过荷斯坦公牛全基因组重测序鉴定到17个奶牛产奶性状候选功能基因,其中,肽基脯氨酸顺反异构酶基因(PIN1)参与甘油三酯代谢、甘油磷脂代谢以及mTOR信号通路,且位于产奶量和乳蛋白量性状QTL区间。为进一步系统分析PIN1基因是否对奶牛产奶性状具有遗传效应,本实验基于40头公牛的基因组DNA混池,采用PCR产物直接测序法对PIN1基因的全部编码区以及上下游调控区2000 bp进行扫描,在内含子2检测到1个SNP位点7:g.14432394G>A,A、G等位基因频率分别为0.4797和0.5203。采用靶向测序基因型技术对北京地区987头中国荷斯坦母牛进行个体基因型检测,对SNP位点7:g.14432394G>A与5个产奶性状进行关联分析。结果表明:在第1泌乳期,SNP 7:g.14432394G>A与产奶量、乳脂量、乳蛋白量和乳蛋白率呈显著或极显著关联(P=0.0001~0.0493);在第2泌乳期,SNP与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白量呈显著或极显著关联(P=0.0001~0.0104);SNP位点7:g.14432394G>A对产奶量、乳脂量、乳蛋白量和乳蛋白率的加性效应或等位基因替代效应均达到显著或极显著。综上,PIN1基因对中国荷斯坦牛的产奶量和乳蛋白、乳脂性状具有显著遗传效应,可作为遗传标记用于基因组选择,以加快遗传进展。 相似文献
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中国荷斯坦奶牛RPL23A、ACACB基因3个SNPs检测及其与产奶性状的关联分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
旨在开展奶牛群体高乳成分功能基因的验证与筛选,利用微流控芯片自主选育技术分析北京地区母牛群体高乳蛋白、高乳脂基因频率,同时分析基因多态性及其与产奶性状的相关性。本研究对北京地区8个大型奶牛场1 596头中国荷斯坦奶牛RPL23A、ACACB基因的多态性进行了检测,所有个体均为3胎以内的泌乳牛,收集每头牛所有测定日的产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率等数据,同时对3个多态位点不同基因型与产奶性状进行了关联分析。RPL23A基因的SNP位点g.20146771G>A,在第一泌乳期,与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白量均达到极显著关联（P<0.01）,第二泌乳期,g.20146771G>A与5个产奶性状均呈极显著关联（P<0.01）。ACACB基因的SNP位点g.63962768C>T,在第一泌乳期,与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白量均呈极显著关联（P<0.01）,在第二泌乳期,与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率呈极显著关联（P<0.01）。结果表明,RPL23A、ACACB基因可以作为影响中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性状的候选基因用于标记辅助选择,以上基因位点可能通过直接或间接的途径影响奶牛的乳脂或乳蛋白性状,对产奶性状起到重要调控作用。本研究为荷斯坦奶牛后续的标记辅助选择奠定了良好基础。 相似文献
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作者所在团队前期通过奶牛乳腺上皮组织转录组测序及荷斯坦公牛全基因组重测序研究发现RPL23A和ACACB基因是奶牛乳蛋白和乳脂性状的候选功能基因,本研究旨在探究这两个基因是否对奶牛产奶性状具有显著遗传效应。以北京地区7个牧场的1059头中国荷斯坦母牛为试验群体,采集尾根静脉血并提取基因组DNA,通过飞行时间质谱方法检测SNP位点基因型,利用SAS9.4软件的MIXED过程进行关联分析。结果表明,RPL23A基因的SNP位点g.20146771C>T与第1泌乳期5个产奶性状达到显著或极显著关联(P=0.0001~0.0416),其优势等位基因为T;ACACB基因的g.63878254T>C位点与第1泌乳期产奶量、乳脂量和乳蛋白量呈极显著关联(P<0.01),其优势等位基因为C;g.63962768G>A位点与第1泌乳期产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率关联显著或极显著(P=0.0001~0.0391),其优势等位基因为A。综上,RPL23A基因主要影响中国荷斯坦牛产奶量和乳蛋白,ACACB基因对产奶量和乳脂具有显著遗传效应,3个SNP位点可考虑作为遗传标记用于标记辅助选择培育奶牛高乳蛋白乳脂新品系和选育提高。 相似文献
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本研究采用PIRA-PCR和RFLP方法检测了1 145头中国荷斯坦牛生长激素受体基因(GHR)外显子8的F279Y多态位点及其与产奶性状的关联性.关联分析结果表明该突变位点与305天产奶量(P<0.01)、乳脂率(P<0.05)和乳蛋白率(P<0.01)关联显著.Bonferroni t检验多重比较结果显示:基因型TT和AT在305天产奶量和乳脂率上差异显著(P<0.05);基因型TT和AT在乳蛋白率上差异极显著(P<0.01);基因型TT和AA在乳蛋白率上差异显著(P<0.05).A等位基因对乳蛋白率的加性效应为-0.025 8%(P<0.01);产奶量和乳蛋白量的显性效应分别为-214.005(P<0.01)和-5.515 kg(P<0.05);乳脂率和乳蛋白率的等位基因替代效应分别为-0.047 5%(P<0.05)和-0.029%(P<0.01).因此,T等位基因是提高乳成份的优势等位基因,A等位基因是提高产奶量的优势等位基因.本研究表明GHR基因的F279Y突变可望应用于我国荷斯坦牛产奶性状的标记辅助选择育种. 相似文献
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本研究以河北地区870头中国荷斯坦牛为试验材料,采用PCR-RFLP法对DGAT1基因K232A位点进行了遗传多态性分析,并利用混合动物模型分析了DGAT1基因K232A位点突变对乳脂率、乳脂量、乳蛋白率、乳蛋白量、305d产奶量5个泌乳性状的影响。结果共检测到KK、KA和AA 3种基因型,基因频率分别为0.0402、0.9276和0.0321;等位基因K和A的频率分别为0.5040和0.4960;该碱基突变对乳脂率的影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01),对30d产奶量的影响达到显著水平(P<0.05),对乳脂量、乳蛋白率和乳蛋白量的影响不显著(P>0.05);多重比较结果表明,KK基因型的乳脂率极显著高于KA和AA基因型(P<0.01);KA和AA基因型的305d产奶量显著高于KK基因型(P<0.05);AA和KA基因型的泌乳性状无显著差异(P>0.05)。结果显示,DGAT1基因突变对河北荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性状有较大的遗传效应,可用于泌乳性状的分子标记辅助选择。 相似文献
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日粮中富含限制性必需氨基酸发酵肽对奶牛产奶量和乳品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究富含限制性必需氨基酸发酵肽对泌乳中期奶牛产奶量及乳品质的影响。试验选用15头体质量、胎次、产奶量均相近的泌乳180d中国荷斯坦奶牛,采用完全随机区组设计,分为对照组、0．5％和1％发酵肽实验组。结果表明：0．5％和1％发酵肽实验组奶牛产奶量、乳蛋白率、乳脂率及乳干物质率与对照组相比差异均显著升高（P〈0．01）,产奶量分别提高11．0％和13．7％,乳蛋白率分别提高5．6％和6．6％,乳脂率分别提高7．0％和7．5％,乳干物质率分别提高0．25％和0．67％,乳糖率也有一定程度的提高。结果表明：日粮中添加富含限制性必需氨基酸发酵肽可以很好地提高奶牛产奶量、乳蛋白率和乳脂率。 相似文献
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采用聚合酶链式反应-单链构象多态性（PCR—SSCP）技术对以海丰奶牛场588头澳系进口荷斯坦牛牛趋化因子受体1（Chemokine receptor1,CXCR1）基因的遗传多态性进行分析;采用混合动物模型分析CXCRl基因2个突变位点与测定日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、305d产奶量、305d乳脂量、305d乳蛋白量及体细胞评分7个性状的相关性,寻找可用于生产实际的分子标记。结果显示,CXCR1基因5’侧翼区-1830位点发生了A—G的突变,检测到AA、AG和GG3种基因型,频率分别为0．684、0．289和0．027,等位基因A和G的频率分别为0．828和0．172;GG基因型奶牛的日产奶量、SCS和305d产奶量均板显著高于AA基因型（P〈0．01）,而其乳脂率和乳蛋白率却显著低于AA基因型奶牛（P〈0．05）。编码区783位点仅发现AA和AC2种基因型,基因型频率分别为0．886和0．114,等住基因A和c的频率分别为0．943和0．057。AA型的个体的日产奶量、305d脂肪产量和305d蛋白产量极显著高于AC型个体,而其乳脂率、乳蛋白率和SCS却极显著低于AC型个体（P〈O．01）。结果表明,CXCR1基因遗传突变对澳系进口荷斯坦牛泌乳性状和乳房炎抗性有较大的遗传效应,可用于澳系进口荷斯坦牛的分子标记辅助选择。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究中国荷斯坦奶牛真核生物翻译延伸因子1 D(eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1delta,EEF1D)基因的多态性及其与产奶性状的相关性。利用Sequenom MassARRAY SNP分型技术对宁夏地区1 252头中国荷斯坦奶牛EEF1 D基因的多态性进行了检测,并对其多态位点不同基因型和组合基因型与产奶性状进行了关联分析。结果显示,EEF1 D基因的5′侧翼区存在2个SNPs位点,即EEF1D-1和EEF1D-3;经检测发现,EEF1D-1存在2种基因型,EEF1D-3存在3种基因型。χ2检验表明,中国荷斯坦奶牛在EEF1D-1位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.05),在EEF1D-3位点未偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.05);EEF1D-1和EEF1D-3位点多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.10和0.28,分别呈现低度多态和中度多态。在试验群体中,EEF1D-1位点对乳脂率和乳蛋白率性状的效应均达到极显著水平(P0.01),对305d产奶量性状的效应达到显著水平(P0.05);EEF1D-3位点对305d产奶量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率性状的效应均达到极显著水平(P0.01);EEF1 D基因的优势基因型组合GG-AG和GG-GG个体乳脂率均显著高于GG-AA组合个体(P0.05)。说明EEF1 D基因可以作为影响中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性状的候选基因用于标记辅助选择。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献