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吉富罗非鱼为尼罗罗非鱼雌鱼与奥利亚罗非鱼雄鱼的杂交种，具有个体大，生长快，全雄率高，产量高等特点，为近年来京津地区主要推广养殖品种之一，为探索其养殖技术，２０００年我们进行了吉富罗非鱼养殖试验，现将有关技术措施和试验情况介绍如下： 一、材料 １．池塘条件我们选定了廊坊市光祥工贸集团公司的２亩池塘作为试验点，池水深保持在１．５米，水质清新，底泥厚为３０厘米，机井一眼，注排水方便，此池配有３千瓦增氧机一台。 ２．清塘与施肥５月２０日，每亩用生石灰１５０公斤清塘，一周后加水７０厘米，由于上年施肥较多，底… 相似文献
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养殖试验显示,吉富罗非鱼每向下选育一代,其生长速度就加快6%～12%.山东省德州市1998年从青岛罗非鱼良种场引进吉富罗非鱼第七代,通过几年来的养殖表明,吉富罗非鱼适应能力强,生长快,商品规格整齐,易捕捞,饲料易解决,群体产量高,很适合池塘主养和混养. 相似文献
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莫尼杂种全雄鱼与尼罗罗非鱼生产性能的比较试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在池塘中饲养莫尼杂种全雄鱼和尼罗罗非鱼,进行两种鱼生产性能的比较试验。结果表明,莫尼杂种全雄鱼的个体生长快,群体产量高,容易起捕。水分含量较低,鱼肉中氨基酸的含量较高。这是此种鱼“杂种”和“全雄”双重生长优势的结果。 相似文献
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以1个新型杂交鱼-吉奥罗非鱼(新吉富罗非鱼♀×奥利亚罗非鱼♂)群体,4个近缘遗传型罗非鱼群体[奥尼(尼罗罗非鱼♀×奥利亚罗非鱼♂)、新吉富罗非鱼、尼罗罗非鱼、奥利亚罗非鱼]为实验材料,采用RAPD和SSR技术,比较分析这两个杂交种间及它们同亲本间的遗传差异.RAPD方面:①群体多态座位比例(P)-吉奥(20.4%)>新吉富(18.5%),但<奥利亚(21.4%)<奥尼(21.7%)<尼罗(22.3%);②Nei'S平均遗传相似系数(Ip)-吉奥(0.9086)<新吉富(0.9231),但>奥利亚(0.8895)>尼罗(0.8588)>奥尼(0.8069);③香农多样性指数(Ha)-吉奥(0.1326)>新吉富(0.1103),但<奥利亚(0.1514)<尼罗(0.1742)<奥尼(0.2410);④群体两两间遗传相似系数(Ipop)-吉奥-奥尼(0.9444)<吉奥-尼罗(0.9496)<吉奥-新吉富(0.9544),但>吉奥-奥利亚(0.9383).SSR方面:①平均有效等位基因数(Ne)-吉奥(2.43)>新吉富(2.31)>尼罗(1.94)>奥利亚(1.18),但<奥尼(2.82);②平均遗传杂合度(H)-吉奥(0.700)>尼罗(0.570)>奥利亚(0.497)>新吉富(0.398),但<奥尼(0.816);③群体的多态信息含量(PIC)-吉奥(0.661)>尼罗(0.568)>奥利亚(0.513)>新吉富(0.420),但<奥尼(0.692);④依据遗传距离构建的NJ树和UPGMA树,奥利亚罗非鱼单独为一支,吉奥等4种罗非鱼为一支.总的说来,RAPD和SSR两种技术检测结果所反映的群体遗传信息一致.这表明,无论是吉奥还是奥尼,两个杂交种在遗传上都同各自的母本较近,这同作者先前揭示的形态和生长等方面的母本效应一致. 相似文献
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<正> 吉富罗非鱼为尼罗罗非鱼雌鱼与奥利亚罗非鱼雄鱼的杂交种,具有个体大,生长快,雄性率高,产量高等特点,为近年来京津地区主要推广养殖品种之一。为探求其养殖技术,2000年我们进行了吉富罗非鱼养殖试验,现将有关技术措施和试验情况介绍如下:1 材料1.1 池塘条件 我们选定了廊坊市光祥工贸集团公司的0.13hm~2池塘作为试验点,水深保持在1.5m,水质清新,底泥厚为30cm,机井一眼,注排水方便,配有3千瓦增氧机一台。 相似文献
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利用以色列红罗非鱼品系(Israel strain of red tilapia,R)、吉富品系(GIFT strain of Nile tilapia,J)(Oreochromis niloticus)、奥利亚罗非鱼(Blue tilapia,A)(O.aureus)、尼罗罗非鱼(Nile tilapia,N)(O.niloticus)等群体,构建了具有广泛遗传变异罗非鱼育种基础群体。采用人工定向交尾技术,获得了15个以色列红罗非鱼群体内和65个以色列红罗非鱼群体及其他群体间杂交全同胞家系。待家系平均体重5-8 g时进行标记,每个家系随机取样40尾标记个体放入养殖池中,采用逐渐提高盐度驯化至养殖盐度为28,养殖150 d后进行生长性能测试以及杂交和体重生长遗传参数分析。结果显示,在研究的所有群体内和群体间的交配组合中,以色列红罗非鱼品系(♀)与尼罗罗非鱼(♂)杂交的杂交组合(R×N)子一代生长速度最快,优于其他杂交组合,其平均体长、平均体重和绝对增重率分别为24.44 cm、385.23 g和4.94 g/d;ANOVA和LSD多重比较分析结果显示,杂交组合间在体长、体重指标上均达到差异极显著(P<0.01),R×N与除J×R杂交组合外的其他3个杂交和1个群体自繁组子一代两两间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。利用实验构建的80个家系共2496个个体体重数据,考虑家系标记时的平均体重、池塘、雌、雄等因子,建立了遗传参数分析模型,估计体重的遗传力为0.46±0.07,属于中等遗传力。因此,利用本研究收集的罗非鱼基础群体,开展罗非鱼在海水中生长性状选育,具有很大的遗传改良潜力。 相似文献
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养殖试验显示,吉富罗非鱼每向下选育一代,其生长速度就加快6％-12％。山东省德州市1998 年从青岛罗非鱼良种场引进吉富罗非鱼第七代,通过几年来的养殖表明,吉富罗非鱼适应能力强,生长快,商品规格整齐,易捕捞, 饲料易解决,群体产量高,很适合池塘主养和混养。 相似文献
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池塘循环水槽养殖模式下吉富罗非鱼的生长及生理响应变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨在池塘循环水槽养殖模式下吉富罗非鱼不同养殖密度的生长特性和生理指标变化,评估吉富罗非鱼在池塘循环水槽养殖模式下的适宜养殖密度,以吉富罗非鱼为实验对象,设计传统池塘养殖模式放养密度5尾/m~2 (SD1组),池塘循环水槽养殖模式放养密度180尾/m~2 (SD2组)和270尾/m~2 (SD3组),比较各组吉富罗非鱼的生长性能,分析血液生化指标和肝脏HSP70 mRNA表达量的变化规律。结果显示,经过120 d的养殖,SD2组吉富罗非鱼终末体质量、特定生长率和绝对生长率显著高于SD1和SD3组。SD2和SD3组存活率、体质量差异系数和饵料系数低于SD1组。SD2组血清皮质醇、血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、溶菌酶水平和肝脏HSP70 mRNA的相对表达量在30 d时显著高于SD1组。SD3组血清皮质醇和葡萄糖水平在60 d后持续上升,120 d时显著高于SD1组,谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、溶菌酶水平和肝脏HSP70 mRNA的相对表达量在60、90 d时显著高于SD1组,甘油三酯在整个实验期显著低于SD1组。SD2组吉富罗非鱼在养殖前期受到环境胁迫,中后期适应环境;SD3组在养殖中后期受到环境胁迫,长期处于应激状态。吉富罗非鱼生长和血清生理指标,池塘循环水槽养殖吉富罗非鱼的适宜养殖密度为180尾/m~2,在该密度下罗非鱼能适应养殖环境,养殖效果优于传统养殖模式。 相似文献
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尼罗罗非鱼出肉率与可量性状的相关性 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
运用统计分析方法研究了吉富品系和埃及品系尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochro misniloticus)2龄成鱼雌、雄个体的出肉率和可量性状之间的相关性。结果显示,尼罗罗非鱼的平均出肉率为38.68%,雄性个体出肉率比雌性个体略高,吉富品系出肉率比埃及品系略高。尼罗罗非鱼出肉率与可量性状间存在较强的线性关系,拟合方程相关系数为0.985。在有显著意义的可量性状相关系数中(P0.01),与肉片质量和出肉率的相关性均最高的可量性状为体质量,相关系数分别为0.964和0.575;其次为体高、体长和体厚。而头长与肉片质量、出肉率均呈负相关关系。雄性个体的相关系数均高于雌性个体,在雄性个体中,出肉率与体质量的相关系数为0.630,与体高的相关系数为0.617,均为中等程度相关。对可量性状之间的比值与出肉率进行相关性分析,相关系数普遍比单个性状高,特别在雄性个体中表现明显。其中相关系数较高的比例组合有身长/头长比值(0.765)、体长/头长比值(0.732)、身长/体厚比值(0.703),均达到较强程度的相关,比单个性状的相关性有明显提高。结果表明,利用可量性状预测罗非鱼的出肉率是可行的。 相似文献
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Norhidayat Kamaruzzaman Nguyen Hong Nguyen A. Hamzah & Raul W. Ponzoni 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(6):720-728
The growth performance of three experimental groups consisting of mixed sex fish (control), hormone-treated fish and progeny of YY male tilapia, all originated from the genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) strain was evaluated. Masculinization of sexually undifferentiated fry was achieved by providing a supplement of 5 mg of 17-α-methyltestosterone per kg of feed over a period of 21 days (after sac absorption). Both mixed sex and progeny of YY male groups were fed a standard commercial ration. Mixed sex fish did not deviate significantly ( P >0.05) from the 1:1 male to female ratio. Percentages of male averaged 75% in hormone-treated fish and 95% in YY male group over the sampling periods and at final harvest. The effect of sex on weight and length was statistically significant ( P <0.001). The model used to analyse weight and length included experimental group and sex in each culture period as the fixed effects, and replicate cages as the random effect. Over the culture period of 141 days, there were no statistical differences ( P >0.05) in body weight and length between mixed sex, hormonally treated and progeny of YY males. There were also no significant differences in level of variability in harvest weight between three groups of fish when the data were classified into five categories (=<100, 100 to <150, 150 to <200, 200 to <250 and ≥250 g). It is concluded that monosex culture of all male tilapia would be of no advantage over mixed sex culture for the GIFT strain under conditions of cages suspended in earthen ponds. 相似文献
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A 10‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the interaction between tilapia genotype and dietary protein level on the growth, feed utilization efficiency and body composition of Nile tilapia [Oreochromis niloticus L., F9 generation of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) strain] and red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Two isoenergetic diets (15.5 kJ g−1 diet) containing 25% or 35% crude protein were formulated and fed to triplicate groups of tilapia (12.8±0.2 g) at a fixed daily ration of 4% of their body weight. The growth performance of the GIFT tilapia fed 25% or 35% dietary protein was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with red tilapia at either protein level. Increasing the dietary protein level by 10% led to a further 10% increase in the final weight of GIFT tilapia but no further increase was observed in the weight gain of red tilapia. Growth was influenced by the interaction between diet and tilapia genotype. Feed conversion ratios were 14% and 33% better in GIFT tilapia compared with red tilapia fed the 25% or 35% protein diet respectively. Protein efficiency ratio and net protein utilization were influenced by both diet and tilapia genotype, but not the interaction between the two. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein did not differ significantly between the two diets and tilapia genotypes but lipid digestibility was 1.2–4.7% higher for the GIFT tilapia. Tilapia whole‐body protein content was significantly influenced by both diet and tilapia genotype. The higher growth potential, better feed utilization efficiency and higher body protein content of GIFT tilapia compared with red tilapia should have a positive impact on tilapia farming in terms of production costs. 相似文献
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Comparative digestion efficiencies in conventional, genetically improved and genetically male Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Apparent digestibility of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy of a fishmeal‐based feed (41% crude protein, 9% crude lipid and 19 kJ g−1 gross energy) was compared in genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT), genetically male Nile tilapia (GMNT) and conventional Nile tilapia (CNT) (Oreochromis niloticus). The experimental fish were reared individually under standardized conditions in a recirculation system at 27±0.1°C for 10 weeks. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was used as a marker. Faeces of individual fish were collected daily by siphoning and stored at −18°C before analysis. No significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in the digestibility coefficients of feed dry matter (78.2±3.4%, 77.7±4.4% and 76.4±3.7%), protein (87.9±3.0%, 88.4±2.8% and 88.0±3.3%), lipid (90.0±2.5%, 91.0±2.1% and 89.4±3.0%) and energy (90.4±1.9%, 90.7±2.0% and 89.4±2.3%) in GIFT, GMNT and CNT respectively. At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences (P<0.05) in average percentage growth (82.2±7.2, 87.3±7.7 and 74.7±4.1 respectively for GIFT, GMNT and CNT), growth rates or feed utilization efficiencies between the three tilapia groups. We conclude that the higher growth claimed for improved GIFT and GMNT as compared with CNT, if ever existing, cannot be attributed to higher nutrients or energy digestibility. 相似文献
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Aloyce R Kaliba Charles C Ngugi John Mackambo & Kwamena K Quagrainie 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(11):1129-1136
Economic profitability of Nile tilapia production in Kenya was analysed using a model that simulated individual fish growth and took fish population dynamics in the pond into account. The results suggest that the currently practiced mixed‐sex tilapia culture is economically unsustainable. It is suggested that research and extension efforts be geared towards developing monosex Nile tilapia production systems. Nile tilapia culture with African catfish predation should be viewed as an intermediate step towards all‐male Nile tilapia culture. This will allow accumulation of both physical and human capital to support all‐male tilapia culture. Under all‐male culture, economic returns are high enough to justify investment in Nile tilapia culture using borrowed capital. However, the success of monosex culture will depend on the availability and affordability of quality fingerlings and low‐cost fish feeds. The results have a wide application in Sub‐Saharan Africa where mixed‐sex Nile tilapia culture is common. 相似文献
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3种品系尼罗罗非鱼生长及高密度胁迫后生理响应变化的比较 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以‘吉富’、‘新吉富’、‘埃及尼罗’3种不同品系尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)为研究对象, 通过不同品系之间生长与高密度胁迫反应的比较, 探讨3种尼罗罗非鱼的生长特点与应激后生理响应的变化规律。将初始规格基本一致的3种品系尼罗罗非鱼饲养100 d后, 吉富罗非鱼特定生长率最高, 新吉富其次, 两者间无显著差异(P>0.05), 埃及尼罗罗非鱼特定生长率显著低于吉富罗非鱼(P<0.05)。吉富与新吉富罗非鱼的内脏比显著高于埃及尼罗(P<0.05); 3种尼罗罗非鱼的肥满度之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。养殖实验结束后, 进行48 h的急性高密度(100 g/L)应激实验。应激48 h内, 吉富与新吉富罗非鱼血清总蛋白、葡萄糖、谷草转氨酶、胆固醇与溶菌酶活力/水平以及肝HSP70mRNA水平呈先上升后下降的变化。应激48 h后, 埃及尼罗罗非鱼血清皮质醇水平与应激前相比无显著差异(P>0.05), 吉富与新吉富罗非鱼的皮质醇水平显著高于应激前(P<0.05); 埃及尼罗罗非鱼血清溶菌酶活力与肝HSP70 mRNA水平在应激后48 h内始终高于应激前(P<0.05)。研究结果表明, 短期高密度胁迫可提高3种尼罗罗非鱼血清葡萄糖与甘油三酯的利用, 并诱发肝损伤。埃及尼罗罗非鱼的抗高密度应激能力高于吉富和新吉富罗非鱼。
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投喂频率对尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼胃排空、生长性能和体组成的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
通过胃排空试验与养殖试验研究了不同投喂频率对尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的胃排空、生长性能以及体组成的影响.在试验开始时,观测尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的胃内饲料排空情况,胃排空试验结果表明,胃排空率的最佳描述为平方根函数,胃内饲料在饱食投喂后15 h左右完全排空,达到投喂前水平,80％胃排空为9h,也就是投喂后大约9h恢复食欲.360尾试验鱼(初始体质量3.72 g)以不同的投喂频率(1d4次、1d3次、1d2次、2d4次、2d3次、2d2次)分组,每组设立3个平行组,随机养殖于18个网箱中,每箱养殖20尾鱼,按饱食量投饲膨化饲料.养殖期为6周.尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼在投喂频率为1d4次、1d3次和1d2次时特定生长率和饲料效率显著高于投喂频率为2d4次、2d3次和2d2次时(P＜0.05);投喂频率为1d2次、2d4次、2d3次和2d2次时其摄食量显著低于1d4次和1d3次时(P＜0.05).随着投喂频率降低,鱼体水分含量逐步上升,脂肪和蛋白质含量逐步下降,其中1d4次、1d3次组鱼与2d2次组鱼有显著性差异(P＜0.05).各投喂频率组间的肝体指数无显著性差异(P＞0.05).3.7～48.0 g尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的适宜投喂频率为1d2次,较2d2次、2d3次和2d4次时明显提高了生长速度和饲料效率,较1d3次、1d4次摄食量显著降低.2种试验结果较为一致. 相似文献
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Maria Rowena R. Romana-Eguia Minoru Ikeda Zubaida U. Basiao Nobuhiko Taniguchi 《Aquaculture International》2010,18(6):1205-1221
Growth of several genetically improved Nile tilapia (GIFT or Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia, FaST or Freshwater Aquaculture
Center Selected Tilapia, SEAFDEC-selected) and domesticated red tilapia (BFS or Binangonan Freshwater Station, NIFI-red or
National Inland Fisheries Institute red, HL or Hacienda Luisita) stocks were compared in controlled (tank) and uncontrolled
farm conditions (lake-based cages) with unselected NIFI or Chitralada Nile tilapia as control. Specific growth rate differed
significantly (P = 0.009) in tank-reared Nile tilapia stocks where GIFT grew best at 1.358%/day followed by FaST (1.307%/day), control stock
NIFI (1.257%/day) and SEAFDEC-selected (1.202%/day). Genetic effect explained 84.4% of the variance in growth of Nile tilapia
in tanks. Although Nile tilapia growth in cages followed the same trend where GIFT grew best at 1.570%/day, no significant
stock differences (P = 0.479) were noted. Meanwhile, red tilapia reared in either tanks or cages showed no significant stock differences in terms
of growth. However, survival of the red tilapia stocks in cages differed significantly with HL having the highest percentage
survival at 93.3%. The different growth responses of the Nile tilapia stocks especially under controlled (tank) farm conditions
were largely due to genetic factors (stock differences).Under uncontrolled farm conditions, environmental factors were generally
observed to have also affected the survival and to some extent, the growth of Asian Nile and red tilapia stocks. 相似文献
19.
Mohammad T Ridha 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(2):172-179
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of stocking density (125 or 200 fish m?3) on the growth performance of three strains of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: the non‐improved strain (NS), the genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) and the Freshwater Aquaculture Center selected tilapia known as the FaST selected line (SL). Each strain and density combination was triplicated in 0.42 m3 fibreglass tanks within a re‐circulating water system. Water temperature was maintained at 29.0±1.0°C. Large Nile tilapia having a mean body weight of 100–110 g were stocked in each tank and hand‐fed four times daily with commercial tilapia pellets (35% protein) for 104 days. Results showed that at the two stocking densities, the GIFT and SL strains showed a significantly higher (P<0.05) mean weight (MWT), daily growth rate (DGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and gross yield (GY) than the NS. In all three strains, growth performance was negatively affected by stocking density. The lower density (125 fish m?3) treatments had significantly higher MWT, DGR and SGR than the higher density one (200 fish m?3). However, higher FCR and GY were observed at the higher density. Survival rates were high in all treatments and were not affected by strain or density. In general, the SL strain had better growth parameters than the GIFT strain. The findings of this study demonstrated the superior growth performance of the improved strains at both densities compared with the NS. The higher density (200 fish m?3) could be more profitable for the tilapia farms in Kuwait than the lower density of (125 fish m?3) in terms of reduced land cost and facilities, demand on the limited low‐salinity underground water and manpower. 相似文献
20.
海豚链球菌感染对不同品系罗非鱼血液生化指标和肝脏HSP70 mRNA表达的影响 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
以吉富罗非鱼、新吉富罗非鱼、埃及尼罗罗非鱼和红罗非鱼为研究对象,饲养100d后,进行海豚链球菌(2.95×108CFU/mL)感染试验,分析攻毒前后各品系罗非鱼的血液生化指标和肝脏HSP70 mRNA表达量的变化规律。另从各桶中取20尾鱼进行同样的攻毒试验,统计攻毒后各时间点的累积死亡率。结果表明,感染海豚链球菌96h后,吉富罗非鱼和新吉富罗非鱼对病原较为敏感,累积死亡率分别达到36.67%和38.33%;埃及尼罗罗非鱼对病原敏感性较差,试验期间未见死亡。吉富罗非鱼、新吉富罗非鱼和红罗非鱼血清皮质醇和葡萄糖水平以及肝脏HSP70 mRNA的表达量在攻毒后明显提高,血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶与溶菌酶活力也呈上升趋势,碱性磷酸酶活力与甘油三酯和胆固醇水平低于攻毒前。埃及尼罗罗非鱼可以利用糖原和脂类产生的能量,提高了HSPS与一些特定免疫蛋白(溶菌酶、球蛋白等)的合成,增强了鱼体的非特异性免疫力。罗非鱼选育过程中,需要将抗病力与生长性能进行有效的结合,在注重生长速度的同时也要增强其抗应激能力,从而为罗非鱼产业的可持续发展提供保证。 相似文献