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1.
不同精粗比饲粮条件下奶牛瘤胃细菌菌群结构变化的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究旨在揭示不同精粗比饲粮条件下奶牛瘤胃细菌菌群结构的变化。选择24头健康、体重相近、胎次相同、产后3周左右的中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2组(每组12头),分别饲喂高精粗比饲粮(60∶40,HC组)和低精粗比饲粮(40∶60,LC组),试验期为45 d。运用16S rDNA高通量测序技术对奶牛瘤胃细菌菌群结构变化进行分析。结果表明:1) HC组奶牛瘤胃液丙酸比例极显著高于LC组(P0.01),乙酸/丙酸极显著低于LC组(P0.01)。2) HC组奶牛瘤胃细菌操作分类单元数量极显著低于LC组(P0.01)。3) LC组的Ace指数、Chao1指数显著高于HC组(P0.05),Shannon指数、Simpson指数极显著高于HC组(P0.01)。4) LC组奶牛瘤胃中拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、纤维杆菌门、疣微菌门、SR1、软壁菌门、TM7、黏胶球形菌门、迷踪菌门丰度极显著高于HC组(P0.01),HC组奶牛瘤胃中变形菌门、螺旋菌门丰度极显著高于LC组(P0.01)。5) LC组奶牛瘤胃中纤维杆菌属、瘤胃球菌属、琥珀酸菌属、甲烷短杆菌属、BF311丰度极显著高于HC组(P0.01),丁酸弧菌属丰度显著高于HC组(P0.05); HC组奶牛瘤胃中密螺旋菌属、粪球菌属、Shuttleworthia丰度极显著高于LC组(P0.01),vadinCA11丰度显著高于LC组(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮精粗比显著影响了奶牛瘤胃中细菌总数和多样性。高精粗比饲粮条件下,瘤胃中纤维降解菌的生长受到抑制,促进了瘤胃中产酸菌的增殖,从而改变了瘤胃发酵模式。 相似文献
2.
徐晓锋胡丹丹郭婷婷张力莉 《动物营养学报》2019,(12):5541-5550
本研究旨在揭示不同精粗比饲粮条件下奶牛瘤胃细菌菌群结构的变化。选择24头健康、体重相近、胎次相同、产后3周左右的中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2组(每组12头),分别饲喂高精粗比饲粮(60∶40,HC组)和低精粗比饲粮(40∶60,LC组),试验期为45 d。运用16S rDNA高通量测序技术对奶牛瘤胃细菌菌群结构变化进行分析。结果表明:1)HC组奶牛瘤胃液丙酸比例极显著高于LC组(P<0.01),乙酸/丙酸极显著低于LC组(P<0.01)。2)HC组奶牛瘤胃细菌操作分类单元数量极显著低于LC组(P<0.01)。3)LC组的Ace指数、Chao1指数显著高于HC组(P<0.05),Shannon指数、Simpson指数极显著高于HC组(P<0.01)。4)LC组奶牛瘤胃中拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、纤维杆菌门、疣微菌门、SR1、软壁菌门、TM7、黏胶球形菌门、迷踪菌门丰度极显著高于HC组(P<0.01),HC组奶牛瘤胃中变形菌门、螺旋菌门丰度极显著高于LC组(P<0.01)。5)LC组奶牛瘤胃中纤维杆菌属、瘤胃球菌属、琥珀酸菌属、甲烷短杆菌属、BF311丰度极显著高于HC组(P<0.01),丁酸弧菌属丰度显著高于HC组(P<0.05);HC组奶牛瘤胃中密螺旋菌属、粪球菌属、Shuttleworthia丰度极显著高于LC组(P<0.01),vadinCA11丰度显著高于LC组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮精粗比显著影响了奶牛瘤胃中细菌总数和多样性。高精粗比饲粮条件下,瘤胃中纤维降解菌的生长受到抑制,促进了瘤胃中产酸菌的增殖,从而改变了瘤胃发酵模式。 相似文献
3.
【目的】 研究育肥猪的生长速度与粪便微生物之间的作用关系，寻找与猪生长速度相关的微生物菌群。【方法】 选取50头出生重相近的仔猪，在相同饲养环境中进行饲养管理，生病猪及时转出试验组，125日龄时按体重由高到低排序，把体重最高和最低的4头猪分别分为体重高（51.30 kg±2.57 kg，HW）、低（36.90 kg±2.50 kg，LW）组，通过16S rRNA测序，对125日龄生长育肥猪的粪便微生物区系多样性、群落组成及与生长速度的关联性进行分析。【结果】 Alpha多样性分析显示，两组间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。主成分分析结果显示，HW和LW组中能够明显区分菌群结构。粪便微生物结构组成分析表明，HW和LW组的优势菌门均为厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和螺旋体门，优势菌属为密螺旋体属、乳杆菌属、链球菌属和未被培养菌属Muribaculaceae菌。LW组中拟杆菌门丰度极显著高于HW组（P<0.01），纤维杆菌门丰度显著高于HW组（P<0.05），而髌骨细菌门丰度显著低于HW组（P<0.05）。对粪便微生物结构组成进行差异分析发现，HW组检测到16个特有菌门，LW组检测到1个特有菌门和24个特有菌属。将肠道菌群与生长速度进行相关性分析，共发现10个菌门，18个属与体重（BW）和平均日增重（ADG）呈正相关，7个菌门和12个属与BW和ADG呈负相关。【结论】 相同日龄不同生长速度的猪粪便微生物的区系结构存在显著差异，差异菌群可能对猪的生长速度起到了一定的调控作用，本研究结果为研发益生菌和提高猪生长速度提供了参考依据。 相似文献
4.
试验旨在探究饲粮粗蛋白质水平对牦牛生长性能及瘤胃真菌菌群结构的影响。选取健康、平均体重为（107.54±4.72） kg的2岁母牦牛24头，随机分为4组，每组6个重复，每个重复1头牛。L组、ML组、MH组、H组牦牛饲喂代谢能相近，蛋白水平分别为9.64%、11.25%、12.48%、13.87%的饲粮。预试期15 d，正式试验期135 d。结果显示，MH组和H组牦牛的末重和平均日增重均显著高于L组和ML组（P<0.05）。牦牛瘤胃真菌菌群丰富度随饲粮蛋白水平升高而升高。牦牛瘤胃真菌优势菌门为新美鞭菌门、担子菌门和子囊菌门，且子囊菌门的相对丰度随蛋白水平的升高明显提高，优势菌属为维希尼克氏酵母属和枝梗鞭毛菌属。研究表明，饲粮蛋白水平为12.48%时更有助于提高牦牛生长性能，改善牦牛瘤胃真菌菌群的丰富度，调节瘤胃微生物区系。 相似文献
5.
《动物营养学报》2021,33(7)
本试验旨在研究酶解青蒿联合地衣芽孢杆菌饲喂肉仔鸡对其生长性能和盲肠菌群的影响。选取1日龄科宝(Cobb)肉仔鸡480只,随机分为4组(每组6个重复,每个重复20只):对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组分别在基础饲粮中添加20 mg/kg抗生素(主要成分为维吉尼霉素)、1 g/kg酶解青蒿以及1 g/kg酶解青蒿+200 mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组肉仔鸡平均日增重显著提高(P0.05),抗生素组和试验Ⅰ组平均日增重分别提高5.18%和7.49%(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组肉仔鸡终末体重显著提高(P0.05),抗生素组和试验Ⅰ组分别提高6.94%和6.94%(P0.05)。各组肉仔鸡平均日采食量和料重比差异不显著(P0.05)。2)对肉仔鸡盲肠菌群进行alpha多样性分析发现,抗生素组和各试验组盲肠菌群多样性均有所提高(P0.05)。对4组肉仔鸡盲肠菌群组成进行分析显示,在门水平上,优势菌门主要为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和软壁菌门(Tenericutes)。与对照组相比,抗生素组和各试验组厚壁菌门相对丰度显著提高(P0.05),试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组拟杆菌门相对丰度显著降低(P0.05)。在属水平上,与对照组相比,抗生素组和各试验组拟杆菌属相对丰度显著降低(P0.05),试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组粪杆菌属相对丰度显著提高(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组瘤胃球菌科UCG-014菌属相对丰度显著提高(P0.05)。由此得出,酶解青蒿用于肉仔鸡饲粮具有替代抗生素的潜质。饲粮单独添加酶解青蒿具有改善肉仔鸡生长性能的趋势,酶解青蒿和地衣芽孢杆菌联用可通过改善盲肠菌群结构,提高肠道菌群多样性,以及提高厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门相对丰度的比例来提高肉鸡生长性能。 相似文献
6.
试验旨在探究菌群移植早期干预对三穗鸭的生长性能、屠宰性能和肠道菌群的影响。选择120只1日龄的健康三穗鸭，随机分为2组，每组6个重复，每个重复10只鸭，菌群供体选择42日龄的三穗鸭。试验前3 d，对照组鸭饲喂基础日粮，移植组鸭饲喂基础日粮，灌喂0.5 mL菌群液，试验期42 d。结果显示，15～42 d时，移植组鸭的成活率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；料重比显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。移植组鸭的屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、腿肌率和胸肌率较对照组有所提高，但差异不显著（P>0.05）。在盲肠菌群门水平丰度方面，移植组鸭的拟杆菌门、变形菌门丰度较对照组分别降低了8.7%(P>0.05)、24.4%(P>0.05)，厚壁菌门、梭杆菌门、放线菌门较对照组提高了11.2%(P>0.05)、26.1%(P>0.05)、55.5%(P<0.05)。研究表明，菌群移植能够提高三穗鸭的生长性能及改变盲肠菌群的丰度水平。 相似文献
7.
《中国饲料》2018,(23)
为研究饲粮中添加丁酸钠对蛋雏鸡盲肠微生物的影响,选取1日龄健康、体重相近的罗曼褐蛋公雏120只,随机分成2个处理组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂添加0.1%丁酸钠的饲粮,试验期42 d。试验结束后,每处理组随机选取6只鸡,测定其生长性能,再从中选出体重相近且状态良好的3只作为测序样本,收集盲肠食糜样,并应用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析盲肠微生物。结果表明:(1)丁酸钠组雏鸡体重、平均日增重(ADG)、料肉比等指标均优于对照组,丁酸钠组平均日采食量(ADFI)较对照组显著降低1.52%(P 0.05);(2)两组间优势菌门均为拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门。丁酸钠组变形菌门含量较对照组极显著降低44.8%(P 0.01);(3)与对照组相比,丁酸钠组拟杆菌属、梭菌XⅣa类群、梭菌XⅧa类群等含量显著提高(P 0.05);丁酸钠组乳酸杆菌属含量显著提高38.6%(P 0.05),埃希氏菌属/志贺氏菌属含量极显著降低71.4%(P 0.01);(4)丁酸钠组盲肠菌群丰度,Shannon和Simpson指数显著提高(P 0.05)。综上说明,饲粮中添加丁酸钠有利于促进雏鸡生长,且能平衡肠道菌群,提高菌群丰度和多样性,使微生物种类更多,均匀性更好。 相似文献
8.
为研究厚朴超微粉对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标和肠道菌群结构的影响,试验选用1日龄健康黄羽肉鸡母鸡240只采用单因子完全随机设计分成2组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,厚朴组在基础日粮中添加2 g/kg厚朴超微粉,试验期9周。结果显示：与对照组相比,厚朴组21日龄平均日增重显著提高（P<0.05）,料重比显著降低（P<0.05）,63日龄的白蛋白、总蛋白、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白含量显著下降（P<0.05）,盲肠菌群Chao1指数和ACE指数显著降低（P<0.05）,盲肠菌群门水平上,拟杆菌门相对丰度显著提高（P<0.05）,厚壁菌门相对丰度显著降低（P<0.05）,而属水平分析发现厚朴组拟杆菌属相对丰度显著提高（P<0.05）,瘤胃球菌属和毛螺菌属相对丰度差异显著（P<0.05）。结果表明,饲粮添加2 g/kg厚朴超微粉提高黄羽肉鸡生长性能和改善盲肠微生物菌群结构。 相似文献
9.
青贮饲用油菜对育肥期山羊瘤胃发酵参数及微生物多样性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究青贮饲用油菜对山羊瘤胃发酵参数及微生物多样性的影响。将24只3月龄左右宜昌白山羊[平均体重(14.83±0.32) kg,公母各半]随机分为2组。试验组饲喂含有青贮饲用油菜的全混合饲粮,对照组饲喂含有青贮全株玉米的全混合饲粮,预试期7 d,正饲期90 d。试验结束时,每组屠宰6只羊,取瘤胃液测定pH、氨态氮、瘤胃液菌体蛋白质、挥发性脂肪酸等指标,并采用16S高通量测序方法分析瘤胃中菌群结构。结果表明,试验组与对照组山羊的平均日增重、干物质采食量和料重比无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验组与对照组间山羊瘤胃液pH值、氨态氮无显著差异(P>0.05);试验组山羊瘤胃液菌体蛋白含量和异丁酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其他挥发性脂肪酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05);瘤胃菌群结构分析结果表明,试验组和对照组相对丰度大于0.1%的菌门,分别有15和14个,两组中共有的菌门按照丰度排序依次是拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、变形菌门、螺旋体门和Saccharibacteria,但各菌门丰度组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。属水平上,两个组山羊瘤胃液中普雷沃氏菌属的微生物含量均最多。试验组与对照组有显著差异的菌群Prevotella_1丰度从21.10%减少到16.66%,模糊分类群丰度从1.95%增加到3.19%(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲喂青贮饲用油菜能保持山羊瘤胃内环境及微生物菌群结构稳定,维持瘤胃正常发酵。 相似文献
10.
《动物营养学报》2020,(6)
本试验旨在研究不同饲粮纤维水平对金华猪生长性能、盲肠菌群结构和短链脂肪酸(SCFA)含量的影响。试验选取45头平均体重为54.27 kg的健康金华猪,随机分为低纤维组(LF组)、中纤维组(MF组)和高纤维组(HF组),每组5个重复,每个重复3头猪。LF组饲喂基础饲粮,MF组和HF组分别在基础饲粮中添加7.5%和15.0%苜蓿粉;LF组、MF组和HF组饲粮中的纤维水平分别为3.86%、4.55%和5.92%。试验期60 d。试验结束后,每个重复选取1头接近平均体重的猪进行屠宰,取盲肠内容物用于提取微生物基因组DNA,采用实时荧光定量PCR对特定的微生物类群进行定量分析,同时采用高通量测序分析菌群结构,并测定SCFA含量。结果表明:1)金华猪体重随着饲粮纤维水平的升高呈现上升的趋势(P0.05),平均日增重显著升高(P0.05)。2)金华猪盲肠中的优势菌门是厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、软壁菌门(Tenericutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria),占90%以上,其中拟杆菌门相对丰度随饲粮纤维水平升高而显著升高(P0.05)。3)在属水平上,优势菌属分别是拟杆菌目S24-7菌属(Bacteroidales S24-7 group norank)、拟普雷沃氏菌属(Alloprevotella)、普雷沃氏菌科UCG-003菌属(Prevotellaceae UCG-003)、毛螺菌科XPB1014菌属(Lachnospiraceae XPB1014group)和瘤胃球菌科UCG-005菌属(Ruminococcaceae UCG-005)等。其中,拟杆菌目S24-7菌属和拟普雷沃氏菌属的相对丰度随着饲粮纤维水平的升高而升高(P0.05)。4)与LF组相比,HF组金华猪盲肠中乳酸杆菌、梭菌群Ⅰ以及丁酰辅酶A乙酸辅酶A转移酶基因丰度显著升高(P0.05),丁酸和总SCFA含量也显著升高(P0.05)。由此可见,适当提高饲粮纤维水平可提高金华猪盲肠中拟杆菌目S24-7菌属、拟普雷沃氏菌属相对丰度以及菌群发酵产丁酸关键酶丁酰辅酶A乙酸辅酶A转移酶基因丰度,从而提高盲肠中丁酸及总SCFA的含量,最终改善金华猪的平均日增重。 相似文献
11.
HOU Meng LIU Yigang YE Mengjun MAIMAITIYIMING&# Maimaitili MUNIRE&# Tusong WANG Jia'nan KAIMAIREYA&# Aihemaiti TUREGULI&# Alimu WANG Jinquan 《畜牧兽医学报》1956,51(9):2177-2186
In this study, in order to explore the relationship between intestinal microbiota and sheep growth and development, the differences between the intestinal microbiota of Altay sheep with different growth rates under the same feeding conditions and changes in intestinal microbiota species composition after affecting growth rate through diet were explored. Among the 300 lambs at 6-month-old, fast-growing and slow-growing male Altay sheep were screened according to the top 10% and the bottom 10% of daily weight gain, and were defined as high body weight group and low body weight group, respectively. Twelve animals were randomly selected from the high body weight group and they were divided into a high body weight restriction feed group (HR, n=6) and a high body weight control group (HC, n=6). Twelve sheep were randomly selected from the low body weight group and they were divided into a low body weight add feed group (LA, n=6) and a low body weight control group (LC, n=6). After 7 days of pre-feeding, the HR, HC, LC, and LA groups were fed diets with 75%, 100%, 100%, and 125% of energy intakes, respectively. And feeding trials were continued for 30 days. At the end of the feeding period, the animals were weighed and slaughtered to collect intestinal contents from the same site, DNA was extracted from these samples, and detection was performed using the Illumina Miseq sequencing platform. The results showed that under the same feeding standard, the composition of intestinal microbiota of Altay sheep with different growth rates was different. The abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Saccharibacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Bifidobacteriaceae in the HC group was higher than that in the LC group, and the abundance of Proteobacteria and Paeniclostridium in the LC group was higher than that in the HC group. In the experiment of regulating the growth rate through diets, the low-energy diet significantly reduced body weight gain (P<0.05) of HR group; and the high-energy diet significantly increased body weight gain (P<0.05) of LA group. Regardless of promoting or inhibiting the growth rate, the abundance of intestinal Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes increased, and high-abundance Saccharibacteria always existed in the group with faster growth rate, while high-abundance Paeniclostridium always existed in the group with slower growth rate. A comprehensive analysis of the results of the two parts of the experiment showed that the abundance changes of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the Altay sheep may be related to the diet and growth rate. The abundance change of Saccharibacteria is positively correlated with growth rate, and the abundance change of Paeniclostridium is negatively correlated with growth rate. 相似文献
12.
试验通过研究不同生长速度阿勒泰羊主要血液生化指标含量和尾脂中瘦素（Leptin）基因的表达水平，探讨阿勒泰羊生长速度与脂肪沉积之间的关系。选取300只出生时间相近的阿勒泰羊公羔，正常饲喂至6月龄，记录日增重，取平均日增重排前10%和后10%的公羔各30只，分为生长快速组（HBW）和生长慢速组（LBW），从生长快速组随机选12只分为抑制生长组（饲喂低能量饲粮以抑制其生长，HBW-75%，n=6）和生长快速对照组（饲喂标准饲粮，HBW-100%，n=6），生长慢速组随机选12只分为促进生长组（饲喂高能量饲粮以促进生长，LBW-125%，n=6）和生长慢速对照组（饲喂标准饲粮，LBW-100%，n=6）；预饲期7 d，正饲期30 d，试验结束后称重并采集血液，屠宰后采集尾部脂肪。检测血液TG、CK、TSH、T3、T4、S.S、GH、INS、PG、Leptin含量或活性及尾部脂肪Leptin mRNA和蛋白表达量，并观察尾部脂肪细胞形态学变化。结果显示，HBW-100%和LBW-100%组初体重与末体重均差异显著（P<0.05），HBW-75%和HBW-100%组初体重与末体重均无显著差异（P>0.05）；LBW-100%和LBW-125%组初体重差异显著（P<0.05），末体重无显著差异（P>0.05）。LBW-100%组的T4、S.S、Leptin、TSH、T3含量显著低于HBW-100%组（P<0.05）；LBW-125%组T3含量显著高于LBW-100%组（P<0.05）；HBW-75%组GH、PG和Leptin含量显著低于HBW-100%组（P<0.05）。LBW-125%组尾部脂肪细胞面积大于LBW-100%组，HBW-75%组小于HBW-100%组（P<0.05）。Leptin mRNA和蛋白表达量检测结果表明，HBW-100%组的Leptin mRNA表达量与LBW-100%组无显著差异（P>0.05），Leptin蛋白表达量极显著高于LBW-100%组（P<0.01）。LBW-125%组Leptin mRNA和蛋白的表达量均显著高于LBW-100%组（P<0.05）。HBW-75%组Leptin mRNA的表达量极显著低于HBW-100%组（P<0.01），Leptin蛋白表达量显著低于HBW-100%组（P<0.05）。综上所述，生长快速组与生长慢速组中，Leptin的表达量与体重和体脂有一定关联；在生长慢速组促进生长后体重和体脂显著增加，Leptin的表达量呈上升趋势；在生长快速组抑制生长后体重和体脂减少，Leptin的表达呈下降趋势。改变生长速度对Leptin的表达量会产生影响，从而改变机体的脂肪沉积状况。 相似文献
13.
本试验旨在研究日粮中添加复合维生素B对生长期山羊消化道微生物组成和肠黏膜结构的影响。试验选取10只4月龄波杂雌山羊（12.60±1.28） kg，随机分为对照组（control，CON）和复合维生素B处理组（vitamin B，VB），CON组饲喂基础日粮（n=5），VB组在基础日粮中添加复合维生素B（n=5），预饲期2周，试验期11周，试验期间自由饮水。试验结束后屠宰采样，16S rRNA测序分析盲肠和结肠内容物微生物组成，检测肠道上皮组织形态结构和相关基因与蛋白的表达。通过菌群分类学分析发现，与CON相比，VB组山羊盲肠和结肠内容物菌群的α多样性指数无显著变化（P>0.05）；在门水平上，盲肠和结肠内容物菌群中厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）为优势菌门，VB组盲肠拟杆菌门丰度有升高趋势（0.05<P<0.1），而螺旋菌门（Spirochaetes）丰度有降低趋势（0.05<P<0.1）；在目水平上，VB组盲肠Solirubrobacterales和Streptomycetales目菌群丰度显著下降（P<0.05）；在科水平上，VB组盲肠Christensenellaceae、Streptomycetaceae、Solirubrobacteraceae及结肠Christensenellaceae科菌群丰度显著下降（P<0.05）；在属水平上，VB组盲肠Lachnoclostridium属菌群丰度显著升高（P<0.05），盲肠Bacillus、Nocardioides及结肠unidentified_Christensenellaceae和unidentified_Gammaproteobacteria属菌群丰度显著下降（P<0.05）。与CON相比，VB组山羊空肠绒毛高度（P<0.01）、隐窝深度（P<0.05）和绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C，P<0.05）均显著增加；回肠隐窝深度显著降低（P<0.05），绒毛高度和V/C无显著变化（P>0.05）。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示，与CON相比，VB 组山羊盲肠上皮紧密连接和细胞增殖相关基因的表达均无显著变化（P>0.05）；而结肠黏膜上皮Occludin（P<0.05）、EGFR（P<0.01）、MIK67（P<0.05）和CCND（P<0.05）基因表达均显著上调；且VB组ZO-1蛋白表达显著上调（P<0.05）。综上表明，日粮中添加复合维生素B对生长期山羊肠道菌群多样性无显著影响，但可提高肠道中有益菌的丰度且降低有害菌的丰度，从而促进肠道绒毛的生长及紧密连接蛋白的表达，对山羊肠道健康和生长具有积极作用。 相似文献
14.
This study evaluated the effects of dietary concentrate level and chromium methionine(Cr-Met)supplementation on ruminal fermentation and fatty acid composition, and ruminal bacteria abundance in Tan lambs. Forty male Tan lambs [(21.00±1.23) kg body weight, 5 months of age] were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with 10 lambs in each treatment. The treatments were: a low-concentrate (LC) diet (concentrate:forage, 35:65) without Cr-Met supplementation; a high-concentrate (HC) diet (concentrate:forage, 55:45) without Cr-Met supplementation; groups fed the HC diet with 0.75 or 1.50 g·d-1·lamb-1 Cr-Met (HCM and HCH, respectively). Ruminal fluid was collected on day 65 with an oral stomach tube about 3 h after the morning feed and samples used for fermentation analysis, fatty acid composition determination and bacterial DNA extraction. It was found that: 1) Ruminal pH, acetate proportion and acetate:propionate were greater (P<0.05) with the LC diet whereas microbial crude protein, propionate and valerate proportions were greater (P<0.05) with the HC diet. The acetate:propionate was greater (P<0.05) in the HCM group than in the HC group. 2) For the HC diet, the DNA abundances of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens vaccenic acid subgroup (Butyrivibrio VA) and Ruminococcus flavefaciens were decreased (P<0.05), compared with the LC diet, whereas the DNA abundance of Anaerovibrio lipolytica was increased (P<0.05). For lambs fed the HC diet, DNA abundances of B. fibrisolvens stearic acid subgroup, Butyrivibrio VA, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, and A. lipolytica showed a linear decrease (P<0.05) with increasing Cr-Met supplementation level; However, the DNA abundance of R. flavefaciens showed a linear increase (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the LC group, the concentrations of t11 C18:1, trans C18:1, c9t11 CLA, t10c12 CLA, C18:2n6, and C18:3n3 were decreased by the HC diet without Cr-Met supplementation whereas the concentration of C18:0 was increased. There was a linear increase in t11 C18:1 and trans C18:1 with increasing Cr-Met supplementation level in lambs fed the HC diet. The results suggest that the HC diet inhibited the growth of ruminal bacteria involved in the ruminal biohydrogenation process, and the addition of Cr-Met had a potentially positive effect on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) synthesis in body tissue. © 2022, Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved. 相似文献
15.
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of Gymnadenia conopsea polysaccharide (GCP) extract on growth performance, meat quality and antioxidant function house-fed mutton sheep under oxidative stress, so as to provide experimental basis for extensive research and development of Gymnadenia conopsea and its extracts. Twenty 6-month-old healthy male Small-Tailed Han sheep with body weight of (35.0 ±4.0) kg were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (n=10) and control group(n=10). The whole experiment lasted for 42 d and was divided into 3 periods: the first 15 days were the blank period; the middle 15 days were the treatment period; the last 12 days were the observation period ofter modeling. From the first day of the treatment period, the control group was fed with basal diet, and the experimental group was fed pellet basal diet containing 30 mg·kg-1 GCP extract. On the 15th day of the treatment period, the sheep in each group were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mg·kg-1 Diquat solution according to sheep body weight(BW), and then fed for another 12 days. On the 1 st, 15th, 30th, 33rd, 36th, 39th and 42nd morning of the whole experimental period, fasting weight and blood samples were collected before feeding. The serum was separated and the antioxidant indexes (SOD, GSH-Px, T-AOC, MDA) in serum were determined. On the 42nd day of the whole experimental period, 5 sheep randomly selected from each group were slaughtered and meat samples were collected to determine the meat quality. The results showed that the addition of GCP extract to the diet of the sheep could increase the average daily feed intake (P<0.05). When the body was subjected to oxidative stress, the indexes of daily gain and antioxidant enzymes recovered rapidly on experimental group, the mutton drip loss decreased significantly, and the mutton sheer force increased significantly(P<0.05). The results indicated that GCP extract could improve the growth performance of mutton sheep, and alleviated the decline of growth performance and antioxidant performance caused by oxidative stress, and had a certain effect of antioxidant stress. 相似文献
16.
Michel KE Bader A Shofer FS Barbera C Oakley DA Giger U 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2005,7(6):349-355
Twenty-four adult cats were transitioned to time-limited feeding and randomized to either a dry low carbohydrate diet (LC) or a dry reduced energy diet (HC). In Trial 1 the LC and HC groups received equal amounts of food (by weight) for 13 weeks. Both groups consumed all food offered, hence the LC group received more energy/day than the HC group. In Trial 2 all cats were fed the LC diet for 12 weeks, but each group received the energy that the opposite group had received in Trial 1. In Trial 1 only the overweight HC cats (body condition score> 6/9) experienced a significant change in body weight (-0.52 +/- 0.08 kg). In Trial 2, LC/Low Calorie overweight cats lost 0.62 +/- 0.10 kg, whereas, the LC/High Calorie normal weight cats gained 0.68 +/- 0.05 kg. In conclusion, body condition and energy intake but not type of diet influenced weight in this cohort of group-housed cats. 相似文献
17.
本试验旨在评估饲粮添加黄芪和葡聚糖硫酸钠盐（dextran sulfate sodium,DSS）刺激对羔羊后肠道发酵和微生物组成的影响。试验分为DSS刺激前和刺激后2个阶段。在第1阶段,选取36头42日龄健康、体重相近（5.2 kg±2.0 kg）的断奶湘东黑山羊,随机分配到对照组（CON,n=16;饲喂基础饲粮）和黄芪组（AP,n=20;饲喂基础饲粮＋10 g/（d·头）黄芪根粉）,饲喂36 d后（包括7 d预饲期）屠宰（除去第2阶段各组选取的6只羔羊外,剩余的均屠宰）,收集盲肠组织和食糜样品用以评估饲粮添加黄芪对羔羊后肠道发酵和微生物组成的影响;第2阶段,在试验第36天,从CON组和AP组中分别随机选取6只羔羊进行DSS刺激（4%体重剂量口服）,持续8 d后屠宰,收集盲肠组织和食糜样品用以评估羔羊后肠道发酵和微生物在DSS刺激后的变化情况。结果表明：①与CON组羔羊相比,AP组羔羊盲肠发酵参数及微生物组成均无显著差异（P>0.05）;②与DSS刺激前羔羊相比,DSS刺激后羔羊盲肠微生物发酵所产生乙酸含量降低,丁酸含量显著升高（P<0.05）;③与DSS刺激前羔羊相比,DSS刺激后羔羊盲肠黏附总细菌（total bacteria）和梭菌XIVa （Clostridium cluster XIVa）数量显著增加（P<0.05）,食糜中梭菌XIVa和乳酸杆菌（Lactobacillus）含量显著降低（P<0.05）;④16S rDNA测序结果显示,在门水平上,不同处理羔羊厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）占80%以上,其次是变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和软壁菌门（Tenericutes）;不同处理羔羊肠道微生物组成无显著差异（P>0.05）;⑤短链脂肪酸浓度与碳水化合物代谢菌之间存在显著相关性。上述结果表明,饲粮中添加黄芪根粉对羔羊盲肠微生物发酵能力和微生物组成无显著影响,DSS刺激会降低盲肠微生物发酵乙酸能力和有益微生物的数量,改变细菌在属水平相对丰度。 相似文献
18.
ZHU Chunhong TAO Zhiyun LIU Hongxiang SONG Weitao ZHANG Shuangjie XU Wenjuan YUAN Zhiwei LI Huifang 《畜牧兽医学报》1956,51(12):3001-3012
This study aimed to analyze the microbiota composition and diversity and the distribution of Bacteroides in duodenal, jejunal, ileal and caecal contents in healthy ducks. The contents of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum were collected aseptically from 20 healthy adult Gaoyou ducks (70-day-old, half male and female), and the bacterial DNA of intestinal contents were extracted. The IonS5TMXL platform was used for 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, the microbiota structure and abundance, as well as the distribution of Bacteroides were analyzed. The results showed that the microbiota abundance in duodenal and jejunal contents was significantly higher than that in ileal and caecal contents (P<0.05), the microbiota diversity in ileal contents was the lowest. The microbiota structure in duodenal and jejunal contents was similar, they were different from that in ileum, and especially cecum. The dominant phyla in the intestinal contents of healthy duck were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria. The relative abundance of these phyla were different in different intestinal segment contents. The different microbial species were colonized in different intestinal segments, and the differential phyla in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, respectively. There were 28 kinds of Bacteroides species in duck intestine, among them, B. acidifaciens, B. barnesiae, B. caccae, B. caecicola, B. coprocola, B. sp and B. luti were significantly clustered in the cecum, and B. caecigallinarum, B. plebeius and B. barnesiae were dominantly colonized in duck cecum. The results indicate that intestinal space significantly affects the microbiota abundance and diversity, and different intestinal segments were colonized by differential microorganism, which is consistent with the intestinal segment niche and function. In the cecum, the dominant colonization of Bacteroides may be related to its physiological and biochemical functions. 相似文献
19.
旨在分析健康鸭十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠内容物菌群组成、多样性特征以及拟杆菌分布。本研究选择健康高邮鸭20只,公母各半,70日龄时无菌采集十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠内容物,提取肠道内容物细菌基因组,利用IonS5TMXL平台进行高通量测序,分析肠道内容物菌群结构与丰度特征以及拟杆菌的分布。结果表明,十二指肠、空肠内容物菌群丰度显著高于回肠和盲肠内容物（P<0.05）,回肠内容物菌群多样性最低;十二指肠和空肠内菌群群落结构较为相似,与回肠,特别是盲肠的相似度较小。健康鸭肠内优势菌门为拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和梭杆菌门（Fusobacteria）,上述菌门在各肠段内容物中相对丰度不同;不同肠段内容物中定植了不同差异微生物物种,十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠内容物中差异菌门分别是变形菌门、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门。鸭肠道中共分析到28种拟杆菌种,其中B.acidifaciens、B.barnesiae、B.caccae、B.caecicola、B.coprocola、B.sp和B.luti在盲肠内容物中显著聚类,且B.caecigallinarum、B.plebeius和B.barnesiae在鸭盲肠中优势定植。结果显示,鸭肠段空间显著影响了其内容物中菌群丰度与多样性,不同肠段内定植了差异的优势微生物物种,这可能与肠段小环境以及功能一致,在盲肠内容物中优势定植拟杆菌,推测可能与鸭盲肠生理生化功能相关。 相似文献