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用150个随机引物对野生三角帆蚌和养殖三角帆蚌进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析，最终筛选出2．0个引物，分别能扩增出1-10条大小不等的片段，片段长度在500—2000bp之间。野生三角帆蚌和养殖三角粤蚌的种内相似系数分别为0．787和0．833，显示野生种群基因组发生的变异较养殖种群大。野生三角帆蚌和养殖三角帆蚌种群间遗传距离为0．054，表明三角帆蚌野生和养殖种群亲缘关系比较接近。 相似文献
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长江口刀鲚遗传多样性的随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对长江口刀鲚(Coilia ectenes)30个个体的遗传多样性进行了检测,从40个随机引物中筛选出17个对每个刀鲚的DNA进行扩增,结果表明,17个引物共检测到148条清晰且重复性好的条带,分子量在200～2000bp之间,其中多态位点为86个,占58．11％;群体的Shannon多样性指数为0．1905,Nei基因多样性指数为0．2280;个体间最大遗传距离为0.212,最小遗传距离为0．092。通过与其他鱼类的遗传多样性的研究结果比较可初步判断,刀鲚群体的遗传多样性比较丰富。 相似文献
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罗氏沼虾浙江养殖群体与缅甸自然群体遗传差异的RAPD分析 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：19
利用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术，对浙江省罗氏沼虾养殖群体和新引进的缅甸自然群体的遗传差异进行了比较分析，以期从分子水平了解罗氏沼虾的种群遗传多样性背景及与引种的关系。采用经筛选的22个10bp的随机引物对罗氏沼虾两群体各20尾进行群体RAPD分析。22个引物共检测到139个位点。养殖群体的多态位点比例为30．22％，群体平均杂合度为0．2646，Shannon多样性指数为0．0780，群体内各个体之间的遗传共享度为0．9353，遗传距离为0．0647；自然群体的多态位点比例为33．81％，群体的平均杂合度和Shannon多样性指数分别为0．2888和0．0940，群体内各个体之间的遗传共享度为0．9201，遗传距离为0．0799；两群体之间的遗传距离为0．1845。自然群体的遗传多样性水平比养殖群体要高。利用随机引物S9和S52，在罗氏沼虾两群体间扩增出2条稳定、明显的群体间特异性标记带。 相似文献
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三个不同养殖群体金鱼遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)方法对金鱼3个不同地区养殖群体-天津塘沽(TJ)、江苏苏州(JS)及福建福州(FZ)群体各20ind的DNA多态性进行了分析。在事先优化的反应条件下,所使用的100个随机引物中,有14个引物扩增出清晰稳定的片段,共计103条,大小在200~2500bp,其中多态性片段27条。金鱼总的DNA多态位点百分率为26.21%。数据分析结果显示,3个金鱼群体内遗传多样性偏低,遗传相似度为0.9519~0.9785。金鱼3个群体总的Nei基因多样性指数为0.1061,Shannon信息指数为0.1547。金鱼3个群体间平均遗传距离为0.0375,基因分化系数Gst为0.243,表明3个养殖群体间产生了一定程度的遗传分化。UPGMA法和NJ法的聚类分析显示,两者结果一致。TJ群体和JS群体优先聚类,再与FZ群体聚类。 相似文献
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红毛莱(Bangia fusco-purpurea)属红藻门、红毛莱目、红毛莱科、红毛莱属。俗称红毛藻、牛毛藻、红毛苔、红发莱。据分析，每百克红毛莱干品中含有粗蛋白36．91％，粗脂肪0．81％，纤维素0．90％;所含氨基酸种类多达16种，总量占27．7％，人体必需的10种氨基酸除了色氨基酸外 相似文献
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巨（Bagarius yarrelli）为云南特有的经济鱼类,利用随机扩增多态性 DNA（RAPD）技术对元江下游的河口巨野生群体进行了遗传多样性分析,在50条随机引物中筛选出19条多态性较好的引物,通过 PCR 扩增,19条引物在巨群体中共检测到67个位点,其中多态性位点66个,平均多态性位点比率为98．51％,个体间平均遗传相似系数为0．8909,个体间平均遗传距离为0．1176;群体 Nei′s 基因多样性指数为0．2916, Shannon 信息指数为0．4269,结果表明巨野生群体具有较高的遗传多样性。 相似文献
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我国沿海不同群体文蛤遗传差异RAPD分析 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
本文运用RAPD对辽宁、山东、江苏、福建、广东、广西等7个地理群体的文蛤进行了分析。从40条随机引物中,筛选出11个扩增效果好、条带清晰的随机引物进行扩增。结果显示,7群体内遗传多样性丰富,遗传相似度在0.7251~0.8972之间,依次排列为:辽宁营口(0.8972)>广东湛江(0.8756)>山东日照(0.8729)>山东潍坊(0.8643)>福建云霄(0.8245)>江苏启东(0.7653)>广西合浦(0.7251)。群体间遗传距离指数及用UPGMA和NJ法构建的分子系统树结果表明,山东日照与山东潍坊两群体的亲缘关系较近,广东湛江群体与其它群体亲缘关系相对较远。 相似文献
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剑尾鱼RW-H近交系的遗传结构分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
筛选31条随机引物对剑尾鱼的第8代近交RW-H系A、B、C3窝共11尾剑尾鱼个体基因组DNA进行RAPD扩增，计算近交系个体间及不同窝间的相似系数及遗传距离。结果筛选的31条引物共扩增出383条带，扩增片段的大小在0．2～3kb。其中多态性带30条，多态性带频率在0～58．33％，平均为7．83％。近交系剑尾鱼不同个体拥有相同条带的比率较高。计算得到近交系的平均相似系数(S)为0．9829(0．9716～0．9960)，平均等位基因频率(q)为0．8692，最低平均杂合率(H)为0．1308。同时，用5个微卫星标记对非选育剑尾鱼和近交系RW-H系的基因组进行分析，检测等位基因的个数和大小，结果5个微卫星座位在非选育剑尾鱼中显示为多态，而在近交系RW-H系除1个位点出现等位基因外，其余均为纯合子，计算得到近交系的平均遗传相似系数为0．9345，两种方法均证明近交RW-H系第8代剑尾鱼有较高的遗传纯合度。 相似文献
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4种笛鲷属鱼类随机扩增多态性DNA及遗传多样性研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
使用RAPD技术分析了红鳍笛鲷、紫红笛鲷、勒氏笛鲷和约氏笛鲷的种内遗传多样性、种间遗传多样性和种间亲缘关系。在120个随机引物中筛选出扩增效果好的引物36个,平均每个引物在每个个体上产生7．7个条带。种内遗传多样性研究结果显示：遗传距离(D)分别为0．2257,0．2228,0．2679和0．2247;遗传多样性指数(H)分别为0．1854,0．1904,0．2015和0．1865。说明目前湛江近海这4种笛鲷的遗传多样性比较丰富,它们的种质资源仍处于一个良好的水平。种间遗传多样性结果显示：勒氏笛鲷与约氏笛鲷遗传距离(Dpq)最小,亲缘关系最密切,勒氏笛鲷与红鳍笛鲷种间Dpq最大,亲缘关系最远。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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