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奶牛瘤胃埃氏巨型球菌的分离鉴定及对乳酸发酵的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采取健康奶牛瘤胃液,通过韦荣球菌科的特异性培养基分离得到了瘤胃厌氧菌株.该菌株是革兰氏阴性球菌,不能发酵大多数的碳水化合物和多元醇,但能发酵葡萄糖和果糖,不液化明胶,亦不能从硝酸盐生成亚硝酸盐,但能从半胱氨酸产生H2S,经形态学和生化反应特性分析初步鉴定为埃氏巨型球菌.通过细菌遗传学鉴定法16SrDNA PCR法,获得了527 bp的基因片段,测序分析证明与已报道的埃氏巨型球菌16S rDNA核苷酸序列的同源性可达98%;进一步确定所分离到的菌株为埃氏巨型球菌.同时观测了埃氏巨型球菌在体内、体外环境下对乳酸降解和挥发性脂肪酸生成的影响,结果表明,其能显著降低瘤胃液内乳酸的浓度,同时提高乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的浓度,且在一定时间范围内降低了乙酸与丙酸的物质的量比.上述结果为进一步研究瘤胃乳酸发酵调控提供了理论和实验基础. 相似文献
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为获得毛皮动物源粪肠球菌,并评价其益生特性,本研究从健康成年毛皮动物（水貂、狐狸、貉）粪便中分离粪肠球菌,通过形态学观察、生化试验和16S rRNA序列分析等方法进行种属鉴定。测定分离菌株生长曲线、产酸能力、抗菌药敏感性,并挑取部分菌株测定其对于温度、人工胃液、人工胆盐的耐受能力。结果表明,分离菌株中共5株为革兰氏阳性菌,生化特性与粪肠球菌标准株基本相符,且经16S rRNA序列分析鉴定为粪肠球菌。5株菌均于培养后2 h进入对数期,8~10 h进入稳定期,且具有弱产酸能力。分离菌株对四环素、左氟沙星耐药性强,耐药率为100%,其次为青霉素（80%）、红霉素（80%）、庆大霉素（80%）、氯霉素（40%）,对氨苄西林和万古霉素敏感。水貂、狐狸和貉源的粪肠球菌对于60 ℃以下温度处理、pH>3.0的人工胃液、0.3%~0.5%浓度的胆盐耐受能力较强,对70 ℃以上高温和pH<3.0的人工胃液耐受性差。综上所述,本研究共获得5株毛皮动物源（水貂、狐狸、貉）粪肠球菌,分离菌株繁殖较快,适合在毛皮动物肠道中定植并发挥益生作用,且具有较好的益生特性和抗逆性,可作为动物用微生态制剂的候选菌种进一步研究。 相似文献
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本试验从青贮料中分离肠球菌并对分离菌株进行初步鉴定与筛选,通过正交试验设计研究不同温度、初始pH和瘤胃液含量对3株分离菌生长的影响,筛选出适合作为奶牛饲用微生物的菌株。结果表明,3株分离菌的最佳培养条件相同为：培养基含葡萄糖2%、蛋白胨1%、瘤胃液20%、初始pH为5.8,接种量为3%,装液量为40 ml, 36℃培养24 h。 在该条件下,3株分离菌的生物量分别为1.9907、1.2963和1.2752。选择生物量最高的1号菌送中科院微生物所鉴定,结果为屎肠球菌。 相似文献
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2株鸭源肠球菌的鉴定和药敏试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对2株鸭源肠球菌临床分离株和1株粪肠球菌参考菌株的形态特征、培养特性、生理生化特性、对药物的敏感性等生物学特性进行了初步研究。结果表明,3个被检菌株在光学显微镜下呈球形、革兰氏阳性染色和链状排列方式;能在10℃、45℃和6.5%NaCl肉汤等条件下生长,能耐热60℃30min,其特性均符合肠球菌属的特征,各菌株生化反应特性均与粪肠球菌特性基本一致,3个菌株均可鉴定为粪肠球菌。药敏试验结果表明,3个菌株均对青霉素、万古霉素、庆大霉素和左氟沙星高度敏感,而对四环素耐药。 相似文献
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本试验通过筛选瘤胃环境中具产酶抑菌活性的芽孢杆菌,为开发功能型饲用微生态制剂奠定基础。采用可培养的方法从健康高产奶牛瘤胃液中分离芽孢杆菌,并测定其产酶能力及抑菌活性,同时对筛选到的功能菌株进行生理生化和分子生物学鉴定。结果显示：从健康高产奶牛瘤胃液中筛选出一株芽孢杆菌BX1-12,其产纤维素酶、蛋白酶及α-淀粉酶活力分别为27.33、137.54 U/mL和1450.53 U/100 mL,同时该菌具广谱抑菌效果,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和伤寒沙门氏菌的抑菌圈直径分别为13.62、23.21 mm和25.97 mm。结合Biolog生理生化实验及16S rRNA序列分析,鉴定该菌为枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）。综上,从健康高产奶牛瘤胃液中分离得到的这株枯草芽孢杆菌BX1-12,具有产多种酶活及广谱抑菌的能力,是一株良好的用于奶牛微生态制剂的候选菌株。
[关键词] 奶牛瘤胃液|饲用芽孢杆菌|枯草芽孢杆菌|产酶抑菌活性 相似文献
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为了从羊瘤胃液中筛选出可高效利用尿素的菌株,试验采用平板涂布法以尿素为唯一氮源对健康小尾寒羊瘤胃液进行初筛,对得到的变色圈较大的菌株进行脲酶活性检测和菌株形态特征、生理生化试验鉴定,结合16S rDNA序列分析并与相应种属的标准菌株进行比对,利用MEGA 5. 0构建系统发育树。结果表明:在羊瘤胃液中共分离得到83株具有变色圈的菌株,经纯化后得到9株变色圈较大的菌株,其中脲酶活性较高的菌株命名为NS-3,经鉴定和比对,NS-3菌株与解鸟氨酸拉乌尔菌(Raoultella Ornithinolytica)的相似性达到100%,二者在所构建的系统发育树上处于同一个分支,因此最终鉴定NS-3菌株为解鸟氨酸拉乌尔菌。 相似文献
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一株致仔猪关节炎粪肠球菌的鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对1株分离自关节炎病仔猪的肠球菌进行鉴定。选用常规方法进行染色特性、培养特性观察以及药物敏感性和致病试验,然后利用Vitek-32全自动细菌鉴定系统进行生化特性鉴定,并用PCR方法扩增分离株的16 S rRNA基因,克隆并测序,与GenBank上登录的相关菌株及3个粪肠球菌标准菌株进行16 SrRNA序列比较、同源性分析并构建系统发育树。结果显示,该分离株形态及染色特性与肠球菌一致,对仔猪具有一定的致病性,并对临床常用的7种药物产生了耐受性;Vitek-32生化鉴定和16 S rRNA基因同源性分析及比对结果均显示其为粪肠球菌(E.faecalis)。试验证实了粪肠球菌可导致仔猪关节炎。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2016,(11)
试验拟对奶牛瘤胃液和残渣中兼性厌氧固氮菌的一些性质进行比较研究。首先采集3头荷斯坦奶牛的瘤胃液和残渣,分离兼性厌氧固氮菌;然后对其进行固氮酶活性测定、生理生化鉴定和16S r DNA测序。结果表明,从瘤胃液和残渣中分别分离到6株(LY-1、LY-2、LY-3、LY-4、LY-5和LY-6)和4株(LC-1、LC-2、LC-3和LC-4)兼性厌氧固氮菌;从两种来源均分离到了同一种属的索诺拉沙漠芽孢杆菌(LY-3和LC-2、LC-4)。比较发现,从同一来源中分离到的同一种属的菌株(LY-5和LY-6;LC-2和LC-4)的固氮酶活性基本相同,而从不同来源中分离到的同一种属的菌株(LY-3和LC-2,LC-4)的固氮酶活性则有所不同,瘤胃残渣中菌株的酶活性高于瘤胃液中的。据此推测,兼性厌氧固氮菌可能更适合生存在饲料残渣上。 相似文献
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Cell numbers of known species of nitrate- and nitrite-reducing bacteria, Selenomonas ruminantium, Veillonella parvula and Wollinella succinogenes , in the rumen of goats (25–30 kg) were estimated by competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The number of S. ruminantium was the largest of the three species examined, and tended to be greater in goats fed a high-concentrate diet (5.6 × 107 cells/mL rumen fluid) than in goats fed a high-roughage diet (1.3 × 107 cells/mL). The number of V. parvula tended to be greater when goats were fed a high-roughage diet (6.7 × 103 /mL) than when fed a high-concentrate diet (3.2 × 103 /mL). The number of W. succinogenes was below the detectable level (< 1.0 × 102 /mL) when a high-concentrate diet was fed, but was significantly increased by feeding a high-roughage diet (1.6 × 103 /mL). Addition of potassium nitrate (6 g/day) to the high-concentrate diet tended to increase V. parvula , and significantly increased W. succinogenes , indicating that these two bacteria can be increased by feeding a diet containing nitrate. 相似文献
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Hazizul HUSSAIN‐YUSUF Ryoji ONODERA Mohamed Emad A. NASSER Halima SULTANA Hiroyuki SATO 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(6):485-495
An in vitro study was conducted to quantitatively investigate the metabolism of pipecolic acid (Pip), a neuromodulator, by mixed rumen bacteria (B), mixed rumen protozoa (P), a combination of B and P (BP), species‐enriched rumen protozoal suspension (Polyplastron sp., Diploplastron sp., entodinia and Entodinium caudatum) and pure cultures of several isolates of rumen bacteria (Prevetolla bryantii, Prevetolla albensis, Streptococcus bovis, Veillonella parvula, Megasphaera elsdenii and Ruminococcus albus). Only P produced Pip from L‐lysine (1.0 mmol/L L‐Lys) at a rate of 83.5 ± 1.6 µmol/L/h and even in BP, Pip was produced from L‐Lys by P and increased at a rate of 31.2 ± 3.8 µmol/L/h. Pip production by P was highest when the substrate (L‐Lys) concentration was 6 mmol/L and then the rate was 580 ± 36 µmol/L/h. Pipecolic acid production by P suspension enriched with different species of protozoa showed that Polyplastron sp. had the highest Pip production rate of 0.907 ± 0.092 µmol/L/mg protozoal protein per h, and Diploplastron sp. had the lowest rate of 0.55 ± 0.13 µmol/L/mg protozoal protein per h. The addition of D‐Lys (1.0 mmol/L) as a substrate to the P suspension revealed that P were also able to produce Pip from D‐Lys, though at a lower rate (1/3) compared with L‐Lys (1.0 mmol/L), suggesting the presence of epimerases in P. It was confirmed that B were unable to produce Pip from L‐ or D‐Lys. Only B degraded Pip (1.0 mmol/L) after a lag phase at a rate of 56.0 ± 1.5 µmol/L/h. The B suspension was able to degrade D‐Lys, though the products were not identified. Pip degradation by pure culture of some species of rumen bacteria showed that P. bryantii and R. albus had the highest rate followed by P. albensis, S. bovis and M. elsdenii with a low rate of Pip degradation. Veillonella parvula showed no ability to degrade Pip. The results suggest that a fairly large proportion of rumen‐produced Pip is likely to be absorbed by the host animal before degradation by rumen bacteria. 相似文献
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采用聚乙二醇(PEG,分子量4000)作为瘤胃内液相物质的标记物,对装有永久性瘘管的四头健康牦牛,在舍饲条件,维持水平下测定了它们的瘤胃液容积和流速。试验结果:瘤胃液容积和流速分别为33.8L(32.3～35.8L),3.26L/h(3.07—3.45L/h)。表明在稳定的试验条件下,牦牛的瘤胃液容积也是稳定的。这一结论与其它反刍动物有相同之处。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究基础日粮中添加胡麻油和苹果酸对延边黄牛瘤胃脂肪酸代谢及日粮养分降解率的影响。选用4头平均体重为（350±15）kg、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的延边黄牛,釆用4×4拉丁方设计,设1个对照组、3个试验组：对照组（CON组）饲喂基础日粮,LO组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油;LOM组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油+160 g/d苹果酸;LOMS组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油+160 g/d苹果酸+47.5 g/d小苏打（NaHCO3）。在正试期第3、4天采集瘤胃液测定其脂肪酸含量,在正试期第5、6天采用尼龙袋法测定饲料在瘤胃内的降解率。结果显示：除了饲喂后6 h瘤胃t11-C18：1含量外,3个试验组在各个时间点的瘤胃各脂肪酸含量均显著高于CON组（P<0.05）,且3个试验组间无显著差异（P>0.05）;与CON组相比,LO组瘤胃DM、OM、CP及NDF的降解率均有所降低,但LOM和LOMS组瘤胃DM、OM、CP及NDF的降解率均有一定程度提高。综合以上结果,日粮中单独或同时添加胡麻油、苹果酸均有利于提高延边黄牛瘤胃液中的脂肪酸含量;日粮中单独添加胡麻油会降低日粮养分在瘤胃中的降解率,而同时添加胡麻油和苹果酸在一定程度上可提高日粮养分在瘤胃中的降解率。 相似文献
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This experiment was conducted to study the impact of adding linseed oil and malic acid on rumen fatty acid metabolism and feed degradation rate in Yanbian Yellow cattle. 4 Yanbian Yellow cattle weighted (350±15) kg, and fitted with permanent rumen fistula were used as 4×4 Latin square design. The cattle in control group (CON group) were fed basal diet, in LO group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 475 g/d linseed oil, in LOM group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 475 g/d linseed oil and 160 g/d malic acid, in LOMS group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 475 g/d sesame oil, 160 g/d malic acid and 47.5 g/d NaHCO3. In the third and fourth day during the test period, rumen fluid was collected and measured for fatty acids. In the fifth and sixth day, nylon bag method was adopted to determine the feed degradation rate in the rumen. The results showed that the contents of the rumen fatty acids in three experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the CON group (P<0.05), excepted the contents of t11-C18:1 at 6 h. Compared with CON group, the rumen degradation rates of DM, OM, CP and NDF in LO group were all reduced. Compared with LO group, degradation rates of DM, OM, CP and NDF in LOM and LOMS groups were improved in a certain extent. The results showed that dietary linseed oil and malic acid would increase the rumen fluid fatty acids in Yanbian Yellow cattle. Linseed Oil had a trend to decline the feed degradation rate in the rumen, but the trend was opposite when combined with malic acid. 相似文献
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皖西白鹅球虫种类及感染情况调查 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用传统的卵囊形态学方法,结合球虫寄生部位,对皖西白鹅球虫的感染率和种类进行了调查和鉴定。共查48个粪样,球虫阳性48份,阳性率100％。共检到1科2属6种球虫,其中艾美耳属（Eimeria）5种,即鹅艾美耳球虫（E．anseris）、棕黄艾美耳球虫（E．fulva）、赫曼艾美耳球虫（E．hermani）、有害艾美耳球虫（E．novcens）和多斑艾美耳球虫（E．stigmosa）;泰泽属（Tyzzeria）1种,即稍小泰泽球虫（T．parvula）。稍小泰泽球虫检出率最高（100％）,其次是赫曼艾美耳球虫（50．0％）,为本次调查的优势种。 相似文献
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试验旨在测定育肥羊饲喂全混合日粮（TMR）条件下瘤胃食糜外流速度（Kp）及干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）及粗蛋白质（CP）的有效降解率。选取3只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管、体重（30.0±3.7） kg的哈萨克公羔羊作为试验动物,代谢笼内单笼饲养。按3×3拉丁方试验设计,分别饲喂3种能量水平一致而CP水平不同（11%、12%和13%）的TMR。采用醋酸镱（Yb-ac）作为固相食糜标记物,测定镱（Yb）元素的浓度,绘制浓度衰减曲线,利用非线性回归法拟合其Kp,并计算全混合日粮的瘤胃有效降解率。结果显示,3种TMR的瘤胃固相食糜的Kp值分别为6.71、6.66和7.59 %/h,TMR1的DM、OM和CP的有效降解率分别为39.82%、38.58%和43.87%;TMR2的为35.70%、34.40%和36.86%;TMR3的为42.46%、41.29%和51.28%。3种TMR的DM在瘤胃中的有效停留时间分别为26.49、28.98和21.73 h。此结果为进一步评定TMR的DM及过瘤胃氨基酸的小肠消化率研究提供了重要参数。 相似文献