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在水温(25±0.5)℃下,将10 000尾4日龄的体长(0.25±0.004)cm的全雄黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco仔鱼放入长2m×宽1.4m×水深30cm的孵化槽中,投喂轮虫、卤虫无节幼体和蝇蛆三种开口饵料,研究不同开口饵料对黄颡鱼仔鱼生长、存活率以及免疫相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,饲养3d时,投喂卤虫无节幼体组仔鱼的体质量显著大于轮虫组(P0.05),而投喂蝇蛆组仔鱼的体质量介于二者之间,且与两组无显著差异(P0.05);7d后,投喂蝇蛆组仔鱼体质量最大,显著大于后两组(P0.05),卤虫无节幼体组次之,轮虫组最小;投喂蝇蛆组仔鱼的存活率最高,投喂蝇蛆组仔鱼酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和溶菌酶(LZM)活力显著高于其他两组(P0.05),而其他两组仔鱼这三种酶活力没有显著影响。认为与轮虫、卤虫无节幼体相比,蝇蛆是一种更适宜黄颡鱼仔鱼培育的开口饵料。 相似文献
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日本鳗鲡仔鱼的开口饵料和行为特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在连续多年日本鳗鲡人工繁殖实验的基础上,研究了不同饵料对日本鳗鲡仔鱼存活率的影响,并记录了仔鱼的运动特征和摄食行为。结果显示,与对照组(不投饵)相比,投喂以鲨鱼卵、磷虾提取液为基础的饵料和以鲨鱼卵、海蜇匀浆液为基础的饵料以及微绿球藻液均提高了日本鳗鲡仔鱼的存活率,仔鱼发育至柳叶鳗前期阶段;而投喂以鲨鱼卵、卤虫匀浆液为基础的饵料和以卤虫匀浆液、磷虾提取液为基础的饵料,以及轮虫、海带+龙须菜匀浆液或海蜇以及发酵鲨鱼肉,均降低日本鳗鲡仔鱼的存活率。实验同时还研究了日本鳗鲡仔鱼的主动摄食行为,摄食时仔鱼先用吻端反复多次触碰食物,然后张开下颌咬食,证实了日本鳗鲡早期仔鱼的摄食方式是触碰后咬食。 相似文献
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云斑尖塘鳢仔鱼饵料动物的非纯化培养及摄食试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用塘泥和水体中的浮游动物种源,对云斑尖塘鳢(Oxyeleotris marm oratus)仔鱼的饵料动物进行非纯化培养并做了仔鱼的摄食试验。结果表明:培养过程中,各类饵料动物组成1~8 d以轮虫类占绝对优势,比例达到50%以上,9~10 d以枝角类和桡足类无节幼体占优势,比例达到30%以上;各类饵料动物密度变化曲线呈倒“V”字型,其中饵料动物总密度、轮虫类和枝角类密度均在第7 d达到最高值,分别为47.6个/mL、29.5个/mL和16.5个/mL。从仔鱼对饵料的摄食比率看,大小范围为50~100μm的饵料动物仅适合9日龄以下的仔鱼摄食,随着仔鱼的发育,趋向于摄食较大个体的饵料动物。 相似文献
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营养强化的轮虫、卤虫对牙鲆仔鱼的成活、生长及体脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
用3种营养强化剂强化的轮虫和卤虫无节幼体投喂牙鲆仔鱼,研究牙鲆仔鱼的生长、成活、体脂肪酸的组成。结果表明:用强化的轮虫和卤虫无节幼体投喂牙鲆仔鱼,成活率、增重均显著高于对照组(p<0 01),其中V号强化剂的效果最好,成活率为29 34%,比对照组提高100%;增重倍数为217 90,比对照组提高68 61%;这是由于V号强化剂强化的卤虫无节幼体体内含有较多的AA的缘故,饵料中AA含量的提高,可以提高牙鲆仔鱼的成活率、促进其生长。牙鲆摄食强化过的轮虫、卤虫无节幼体后,其EPA、DHA、n-3HUFA、PUFA的含量随着饵料中含量的升高而升高,这也是牙鲆仔鱼生长速度和成活率提高的重要因素之一。 相似文献
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不同开口饵料对半刺厚唇鱼仔鱼摄食、生长与成活的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在水温23～25℃下,将刚开口摄食的5日龄半刺厚唇鱼Acrossocheilius hemispinus仔鱼饲养在60cm×50cm×50cm玻璃缸中,密度为300尾/缸,投喂淡水轮虫(10ind./mL)、水蚯蚓浆(过150μm筛网)、蛋黄(250μm纱布揉洗)、鱼苗开口料和虾奶粉,以筛选半刺厚唇鱼仔鱼的适宜开口饵料。22d的饲养结果表明:摄食不同饵料的半刺厚唇鱼仔鱼的初次摄食率、生长速率和成活率差异显著(P0.05),其中淡水轮虫组初次摄食率最高(98.89%),生长速率最快(日增全长0.43mm),存活率97.33%;水蚯蚓浆组初次摄食率亦达到95.56%,平均日增全长为0.36mm,存活率为85.44%;蛋黄组虽然初次摄食率(90.00%)较高,但其生长速率(日增全长0.13mm)和成活率(57.00%)均较低,显著低于淡水轮虫组和水蚯蚓浆组(P0.05);而开口饲料组和虾奶粉组的初次摄食率和成活率均显著低于其他3组(P0.05)。总之,淡水轮虫是半刺厚唇鱼仔鱼的最适开口饵料;水蚯蚓浆为适宜开口饵料,缺乏淡水轮虫时可用其替代作为半刺厚唇鱼仔鱼的开口饵料。 相似文献
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不同饵料对奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼生长发育及消化酶活力的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
将初始体质量为(0.006±0.0005)g的仔鱼,随机分为4组,每组3个平行,分别投喂4种饵料:人工配合饵料、轮虫、蛋黄和轮虫+人工配合饵料.试验周期为28 d.结果表明,(1)轮虫+人工配合饵料和人工配合饵料组生长较快,特定生长率分别为0.014 %/d和0.013 %/d, 绝对生长率达到0.150、0.142 g/d,二组差异不显著(P>0.05);蛋黄组生长最慢,与其他各组差异显著(P<0.05).(2)轮虫+人工配合饵料与轮虫组仔稚鱼的成活率达到90.3%和 89.7%,大部分个体发育进入幼鱼阶段,二组差异不显著(P>0.05);蛋黄组存活率较低,只有40.7%,与其他各组差异显著(P<0.05).(3)投喂不同饵料对奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼的消化酶具有显著影响,蛋黄组的淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);轮虫+人工配合饵料组的胃蛋白酶活力较高,天然饵料(轮虫)组较低. 相似文献
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长薄鳅开口饵料的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为寻找合适的长薄鳅仔鱼开口饵料,分别以卤虫、枝角类、蛋黄、卤虫+蛋黄、枝角类+蛋黄、卤虫+光合细菌、枝角类+光合细菌等7种不同的饵料对刚脱膜4d的仔鱼进行了饲喂试验.结果表明:(1)不同饵料对长薄鳅仔鱼的生长具有显著影响(P＜0.05),其中,枝角类+光合细菌组生长最快,绝对增重率和特定增重率分别为4.63±0.075 mg/d和19.02±0.404 ％/d;蛋黄组生长最慢,绝对增重率和特定增重率与其他各组差异显著(P＜0.05).(2)第1周投喂卤虫+光合细菌组合的饵料,仔鱼的成活率最高,为96％;蛋黄组的最终成活率最低,只有34％,且该组仔鱼个体发育较为缓慢,与其他各组差异显著(P＜0.05).根据试验结果,建议在水泥池育苗的条件下,对刚脱膜4d的长薄鳅仔鱼,第1周投喂卤虫+光合细菌,后期投喂枝角类+光合细菌,以提高仔鱼的成活率和成长率. 相似文献
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正2014年～2016年,在新疆水生野生动物救护中心工厂化鱼类繁育车间,使用循环水矩形槽进行扁吻鱼子二代仔鱼的集约化培育,对仔鱼发育的主要形态特征及生活习性进行了观察,对仔鱼开口饵料的选择及培育水环境进行了分析。结果表明,水温11℃～24℃时,初孵仔鱼发育至第6天～7天开口摄食,以卤虫无节幼体作为开口饵料,第10天～11天开始投喂卤虫无节幼体+鳗仔鱼饲料,经过5天～10天的投喂培育,仔鱼全长长至10mm～15mm,存活率为67.2%～84.3%,静水环境下存活率明显高于循环水环境。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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