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通过PCR检测及序列对比分析,确诊江苏海丰农场两塘口内异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)所患疾病为鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(Cyprinid herpesvirusⅡ,Cy HV-2)引发的鲫造血器官坏死症(Crucian CarpHematopoietic Necrosis),而后分别每10 d使用0.5 m L/m~3和0.75 m L/m~3聚六亚甲基胍(Polyhexamethylene guanide,PHMG)泼洒治疗,并定期采样,利用Real Time PCR测定样品中病毒表达量。结果显示:该病毒(DF2015)Cy HV-2的DNA解旋酶基因序列长为316 bp,与绝大多数病毒株有较近的亲缘关系(99%),但与病毒株ST-J1和H.Fukuda的亲缘关系相对较远(63%)。与其余病毒株等有较近的亲缘关系(99%);治疗近2个月后,两塘的病毒相对表达量均呈下降趋势,且具有显著差异性,但0.75 m L/m~3治疗塘病毒相对表达量极显著降低,治疗效果相对更显著。 相似文献
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鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型对异育银鲫背鳍细胞的显微形态与免疫基因表达水平的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(Cy HV-2)体外感染复制特征以及异育银鲫抗病毒免疫应答反应。本实验采用组织块培养法建立了异育银鲫背鳍细胞的原代培养体系。结果显示,在10 d左右可观察到组织块迁移分离出新的单层细胞,3周左右细胞可覆盖底部面积为25cm2培养瓶的底部;经Cy HV-2悬液感染离体培养的原代细胞,3 d后病毒滴度增殖至106拷贝/m L;在病毒感染6 d后出现典型的细胞病变效应;Cy HV-2感染原代细胞后,分析前期通过鱼体水平实验鉴定出的与该病毒感染相关的免疫基因:PNP5a、MPO、MHCⅠ、LYZ-C、IL-11、ITLN、PNP5a和DUSP,Real-time Rt-PCR结果显示大部分基因在细胞水平均有显著性的上调,与鱼体水平实验结果一致。本研究建立了原代培养的异育银鲫背鳍细胞,用于构建体外感染Cy HV-2病毒的细胞模型,为深入研究Cy HV-2的感染复制规律及其与宿主的相互作用关系,以及细胞水平筛选抗病毒药物实验奠定了基础。 相似文献
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鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型的理化及生物学特性和超微形态发生 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了查明鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(Cyprinid herpesvirus 2,Cy HV-2)的理化与生物学特性以及病毒在细胞内的超微形态发生过程,利用新建立的对Cy HV-2敏感的异育银鲫脑组织细胞系(Gi CB),对Cy HV-2的理化及生物学特性进行了详细研究,比较了不同来源鱼类细胞系对Cy HV-2感染的敏感性,并对体外培养细胞中Cy HV-2病毒粒子及其超微形态发生过程进行了电镜观察。结果显示,Cy HV-2对热、酸、碱、有机溶剂和冻融敏感;常用鱼类细胞系EPC、RTG-2、Koi-Fin、CIK、CCK、PF-Fin对Cy HV-2的感染不敏感,特异性巢式PCR检测盲传至第7代Cy HV-2细胞培养物,结果均为阴性;Cy HV-2在Gi CB细胞中的增殖动态研究结果表明:病毒感染细胞经过12 h的隐晦期,24 h开始进入对数生长期,96 h病毒滴度达到最高值(107.52±0.26 TCID50/m L),然后进入平台期;透射电子显微镜观察结果显示,Cy HV-2感染细胞可分为吸附与侵入、复制与装配、成熟与释放3个主要过程,病毒进入对数生长期后,被感染细胞内可见形态典型的疱疹病毒颗粒。 相似文献
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四种渔药对稀有(鱼句)鲫的急性毒性 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
用控温半静态换水式实验方法,测定了伊维菌素(0.4%)、辛硫磷(20%)、氯氰菊酯(4.5%)和精制马拉硫磷(20%)四种常用药物对稀有(鱼句)鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)幼鱼的急性毒性效应。分别在实验24、48、72 h和96 h后记录稀有(鱼句)鲫幼鱼的死亡数,并推算了实验药液的安全质量浓度。结果显示,四种渔药的96 h半致死浓度分别为7.01、24.22、9.37和460μg/L,安全浓度分别为0.70、2.42、0.94和46.00μg/L,这4种药物对稀有(鱼句)鲫的毒性大小依次为:伊维菌素>氯氰菊酯>辛硫磷>精制马拉硫磷。结果表明:稀有(鱼句)鲫可用于渔药对水体环境影响的监测。 相似文献
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于江苏大丰金鹿合作社采集三种状态的异育银鲫Carassius auratus gibelio样本,试验1组(H)来自未发生过鲤疱疹病毒(Cy HV-2)病的2个池塘(面积200×667m2),即为无Cy HV-2病症状的病毒携带者;试验2组(IH)和试验3组(I)为正在发病的2个池塘(面积200×667m2),IH组有轻微的Cy HV-2病症状,而I组为典型的Cy HV-2病症状,测定其血成分、血清生化指标,并观察肠道和肝胰脏的组织病理学,以探讨异育银鲫感染鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(Cy HV-2)的发病机制。结果表明:IH组和I组鲫除淋巴细胞百分比显著升高外(P0.05),中性粒细胞和单核细胞百分比、红细胞和血栓细胞数、血红蛋白、血栓细胞压积均显著低于H组(P0.05);I组淋巴细胞百分比显著高于IH组(P0.05),而中性粒细胞百分比却显著低于IH组(P0.05),其他各项指标无显著差异。IH组和I组除天门冬氨酸基转移酶/丙氨酸氨基转移酶、白蛋白、白球比例比H组显著升高外(P0.05),胆碱酯酶和碱性磷酸酶活性、总胆汁酸、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白/低密度脂蛋白均显著下降(P0.05)。I组与IH组结果比较,天门冬氨酸基转移酶、天门冬氨酸基转移酶/丙氨酸氨基转移酶、白蛋白、白球比例均出现显著升高(P0.05),而胆碱酯酶、碱性磷酸酶出现显著下降(P0.05),总胆汁酸含量下降了38倍,下降明显,其他均无显著变化。扫描电镜观察发现,H组红细胞表面光滑完整,IH和I组均有一定的损伤;相比H组,IH组、I组的肝胰脏和肠道的组织结构损伤,且随着患病严重性的增加而加重。 相似文献
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一种基于Ⅱ型鲤疱疹病毒衣壳蛋白72的免疫学检测方法 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Ⅱ型鲤疱疹病毒(cyprinid herpesvirus 2,Cy HV-2)是引起养殖异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)造血器官坏死症的致病病原。在临床筛查中基于病毒核酸的PCR和real time PCR技术已经建立,但是稳定性更强的免疫学诊断技术国内外尚无报道。本研究目的是利用Cy HV-2编码的ORF72基因(Gen Bank登录号:AFJ20502.1)所编码的衣壳蛋白作为捕获抗原,通过识别感染病毒的鱼体中的相应抗体,从而对样本进行临床免疫学检测。首先采用PCR方法从纯化的Cy HV-2基因组中扩增ORF72基因,并把该基因克隆至原核表达载体PGEX-4T-3,并转化到大肠杆菌中诱导表达,诱导表达的产物通过SDS-PAGE进行鉴定,对表达的重组蛋白进行纯化。用已纯化的72重组蛋白对小鼠进行免疫,制得72重组蛋白的抗体。Western blot检测表明所制备的多克隆抗体既能识别原核表达的重组蛋白,也可以识别Cy HV-2病毒粒子上的衣壳蛋白72。在上述基础上建立了基于Western blot技术的Cy HV-2抗体检测技术:用纯化的72重组蛋白作为检测抗原,鲫鱼血清用作一抗,兔抗鲫Ig M多克隆抗体作为二抗,酶标羊抗兔作为三抗鉴定鲫鱼是否存在Cy HV-2特异性抗体。在对急性感染期的临床样本检测中,本方法能在所有样本中检测出ORF72特异性抗体存在,表明72重组蛋白作为相应抗体捕获原可以用于确诊鲫鱼是否感染Cy HV-2。本研究建立的实验室免疫学检测方法为商品化免疫学检测技术的开发奠定了基础,对Cy HV-2的检验检疫具有一定的临床应用价值。 相似文献
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以3月龄的鲫( Carassius auratus ) 为实验对象, 研究了氯化三苯基锡( TPTC) 对鲫的急性毒性以及在1 /2LD50、1 /3LD50、1 /4LD50、1 /6LD50亚急性浓度下对鲫死亡率的影响。结果表明, 在较低的TPTC 浓度下, 鲫的概率单位较小, 死亡率较低; 当浓度达到385. 6 Lg /L时, 死亡率超过50%。因此, TPTC 浓度385 Lg /L是一个安全阈值, 当TPTC 浓度达到385 Lg /L以上, 死亡率明显增加。TPTC的对数浓度和概率单位呈现出明显的线性相关; 且TPTC在鲫体内的积累量较大, 难以降解; 鲫对TPTC比较敏感, 可将其作为TPTC毒性测试的标准试验生物。 相似文献
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以3月龄的鲫(Carassius auratus)为实验对象,研究了氯化三苯基锡(TPTC)对鲫的急性毒性以及在1/2LD50、1/3LD50、1/4LD50、1/6LD50亚急性浓度下对鲫死亡率的影响.结果表明,在较低的TPTC浓度下,鲫的概率单位较小,死亡率较低;当浓度达到385.6 μg/L时,死亡率超过50%.因此,TPTC浓度385 μg/L是一个安全阈值,当TPTC浓度达到385μg/L以上,死亡率明显增加.TPTC的对数浓度和概率单位呈现出明显的线性相关;且TPTC在鲫体内的积累量较大,难以降解;鲫对TPTC比较敏感,可将其作为TPTC毒性测试的标准试验生物. 相似文献
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随着异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)养殖密度的增大,其主要养殖区爆发了以鳃部出血为典型特征的疾病,经确诊为鲫造血器官坏死症(Crucian Carp Hematopoietic Necrosis),引起该病的首要诱因为鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型（CyHV-2),给异育银鲫养殖造成了巨大的经济损失。溶氧是水生生物生存的必要条件之一,溶氧条件的改变直接影响水生生物的各项生理机能,在溶氧胁迫状态下,水生生物会表现出应激及免疫力下降,从而导致疾病的发生。为了探究溶氧浓度对异育银鲫感染CyHV-2及发生鲫造血器官坏死症的影响,将健康的异育银鲫与已感染CyHV-2的病鱼混合饲养,结合鲫的最低生存氧浓度,设定溶氧浓度分别为7、6、5、4、3 mg/L,不同溶氧浓度均设立对照组,在相同的饲养条件下,通过控制不同溶氧浓度,测定CyHV-2感染数及死亡数,分析不同溶氧浓度条件下鲫CyHV-2感染率及鲫造血器官坏死症的发病率。结果表明,随着溶氧浓度的降低,CyHV-2的感染率和死亡率都随之升高,当溶氧浓度为7、6、5、4 mg/L时,对照组均未出现感染及死亡状况;当溶氧浓度为 3 mg/L时,实验组感染率为100%并且对照组也出现了死亡,充分肯定了溶氧胁迫会增加异育银鲫对CyHV-2的感染率及死亡率。研究结果对异育银鲫的大规模养殖及造血器官坏死症防控具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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