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1.
为了解几种常用水产药物对三角鲂鱼种的急性毒性作用,探讨安全的用药途径和使用剂量,采用静态试验方法,开展了铜铁合剂、敌百虫、亚甲基蓝和聚维酮碘对三角鲂夏花鱼种的急性毒性试验。结果显示,铜铁合剂对三角鲂24、48、96 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为2.91、1.88、1.81 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为0.24 mg/L;敌百虫对三角鲂24、48、96 h的半致死浓度分别为21.24、15.93、15.47 mg/L,安全浓度为2.69mg/L;亚甲基蓝对三角鲂24、48、96 h的半致死浓度分别为20. 22、11. 90、8. 89 mg/L,安全浓度为1. 24mg/L;聚维酮碘对三角鲂24、48、96 h的半致死浓度分别为136.47、128.47、125.91 mg/L,安全浓度为34.16mg/L。结果表明:铜铁合剂应慎用于三角鲂的夏花鱼种;亚甲基蓝在保证使用剂量的情况下仍可安全使用;敌百虫和聚维酮碘可按常规浓度安全使用。 相似文献
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在水温(23±1)℃和pH6.9~7.3下,采用半静态法研究敌百虫、二氧化氯和聚维酮碘三种常用药物对平均体质量(6.1±0.23)g的卡拉白鱼Chalcalburnus chalcoides的急性毒性。结果表明:敌百虫对卡拉白鱼的24h、48h、72h、96h半致死质量浓度分别为0.40mg/L、0.34mg/L、0.31mg/L和0.29mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.07mg/L;二氧化氯对卡拉白鱼24h、48h、72h、96h的半致死质量浓度分别为28.18mg/L、27.16mg/L和24.93mg/L、23.00mg/L,安全质量浓度为7.57mg/L;聚维酮碘对卡拉白鱼24h、48h、72h、96h的半致死质量浓度分别为119.91mg/L、83.87mg/L、72.78mg/L和64.61mg/L,安全质量浓度为14.13mg/L。三种药物对卡拉白鱼的毒性由高至低依次为:敌百虫二氧化氯聚维酮碘。敌百虫对卡拉白鱼毒性较强,在生产中需谨慎使用;二氧化氯和聚维酮碘的安全质量浓度高于生产中常用的泼洒浓度,可安全使用。 相似文献
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在溶氧(7.0±0.3)mg/L,水温(18±1)℃,pH 7.8±0.1条件下,采用国家标准半静态方式水生生物急性毒性实验法研究了高锰酸钾、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂(5∶2)、敌百虫和甲醛对硬刺松潘裸鲤(Gymnocypris potanini firmispinatus Wu et Wu)幼鱼的急性毒性试验。试验结果显示,高锰酸钾、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂、敌百虫和甲醛对硬刺松潘裸鲤幼鱼的24 h半致死浓度(24 h LC50)分别为4.57、2.74、8.00和54.69 mg/L,48 h半致死浓度(48 h LC50)分别为4.13、2.35、7.34和47.03 mg/L;96 h半致死浓度(96 h LC50)分别为3.37、1.92、4.76和40.44 mg/L;其安全浓度分别为1.01、0.52、1.85和10.43 mg/L。根据国家标准和本实验数据表明,甲醛对硬刺松潘裸鲤幼鱼微毒,高锰酸钾、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂和敌百虫对其中毒。 相似文献
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为研究敌百虫、硫酸铜和二氧化氯等3种常用渔药对攀鲈(Anabas testudineus)的急性毒性,在水温(30±1)℃下,采用半静水式试验法进行了3种药物对攀鲈幼鱼[体质量(7.78±1.60)g、全长(7.89±0.44)cm]的急性毒性试验。结果显示:敌百虫对攀鲈幼鱼的24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为37.20、24.91、23.15、20.57 mg/L,安全质量浓度为3.351 mg/L;硫酸铜对攀鲈幼鱼的24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为39.29、33.04、25.13、23.37 mg/L,安全质量浓度为7.010 mg/L;二氧化氯对攀鲈幼鱼的24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为89.69、87.16、80.38、77.74 mg/L,安全质量浓度为24.691 mg/L。3种药物对攀鲈幼鱼的毒性大小依次为敌百虫>硫酸铜>二氧化氯,其安全浓度均高于有效治疗浓度,因此在养殖生产中可安全使用。 相似文献
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四种常用药物对澳洲宝石鲈稚鱼的急性毒性试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用四种常用药物对宝石鲈稚鱼进行了急性毒性试验,结果表明:40%甲醛24h、48h和96h半致死浓度分别为146、124和90mg·L-1,安全浓度为26.8mg·L-1;硫酸铜和硫酸亚铁合剂24h、48h和96h半致死浓度分别为14.8、9.1和5.7mg·L-1,安全浓度为1.0mg·L-1;强氯精24h、48h和96h半致死浓度分别为1.8、1.4和1.2mg·L-1,安全浓度为0.25mg·L-1;敌百虫24h、48h和96h半致死浓度分别为5.3、1.8和1.2mg·L-1,安全浓度为0.06mg·L-1。宝石鲈稚鱼对四种药物的敏感性强度依次为:敌百虫>强氯精>硫酸铜和硫酸亚铁合剂>40%甲醛。 相似文献
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4种渔药对昆明裂腹鱼鱼苗的急性毒性试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用半静水式试验方法研究了在水温(16.5±0.5)℃、pH(7.70±0.25)条件下,高锰酸钾、三氯异氰尿酸、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂(5∶2)、敌百虫4种常用渔药对昆明裂腹鱼(Schizothorax grahami)鱼苗的急性毒性实验。结果显示:4种药物中三氯异氰尿酸的24 h、48 h、96 h半致死浓度最低,分别为1.586、1.423、1.173 mg/L,敌百虫的最高,为473、407、302 mg/L。4种药物的安全浓度分别为高锰酸钾0.536 mg/L,三氯异氰尿酸0.347 1 mg/L,硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂(5∶2)0.5 mg/L,敌百虫90.41 mg/L。结果表明:4种药物中,三氯异氰尿酸、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂(5∶2)和敌百虫可在生产中安全使用。 相似文献
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福尔马林、敌百虫、硫酸铜对苏氏圆腹仔鱼的急性毒性实验。在水温28-30℃下,福尔马林对苏氏圆腹仔鱼24h和48h半致死浓度分别为98.3mg/L和83.9mg/L,安全浓度为18.3mg/L;敌百虫24h和48h半致死浓度分别为7.7mg/L和3.7mg/L,安全浓度为0.26mg/L;硫酸铜24h和48h半致死浓度分别为0.28mg/L和0.22mg/L,安全浓度为0.04mg/L。其仔鱼鱼苗对所选用的三种药物的敏感顺序为:硫酸铜>敌百虫>福尔马林。 相似文献
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采用半静态法,研究了硫酸铜硫酸亚铁(5∶2)合剂、敌百虫和聚维酮碘对平均体长6.8cm唇Hemibarbus labeo的急性毒性。结果表明:硫酸铜硫酸亚铁(5∶2)合剂对唇24、48、72、96 h的半致死质量浓度分别为0.84、0.55、0.41、0.37mg·L-1,安全质量浓度为0.07 mg·L-1;敌百虫对唇的24、48、72、96h半致死质量浓度分别为39.44、28.00、25.27、23.86mg·L-1,安全质量浓度为4.23mg·L-1;聚维酮碘对唇鱼骨24、48、72、96h半致死质量浓度分别为68.87、64.90、60.97、57.82 mg·L-1,安全质量浓度为17.29mg·L-1。3种药物对唇的毒性高低依次为:硫酸铜硫酸亚铁合剂>敌百虫>聚维酮碘。该研究为唇的病害防治中合理用药提供了参考。 相似文献
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4种常用鱼药对泥鳅的急性毒性试验 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
用福尔马林等4种药物对泥鳅进行急性毒性试验,结果表明:福尔马林24 h半致死浓度为138.50mg/L,48 h半致死浓度为122.30 mg/L,安全浓度为25.30 mg/L;高锰酸钾24 h半致死浓度为7.23 mg/L,48h半致死浓度为5.61 mg/L,安全浓度为0.75 mg/L;硫酸铜24 h半致死浓度为3.90 mg/L,48 h半致死浓度为2.70 mg/L,安全浓度为0.26 mg/L;敌百虫24 h半致死浓度为11.80 mg/L,48 h半致死浓度为10.50mg/L,安全浓度为2.22 mg/L。根据试验结果,建议高锰酸钾不要作为泥鳅的治疗药物,硫酸铜在用于泥鳅疾病的防治时要谨慎使用,福尔马林和敌百虫是治疗泥鳅疾病的有效药物。 相似文献
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阿维菌素等三种常规渔药对卡拉白鱼的急性毒性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用半静态法,研究了三种常规渔药阿维菌素、三氯异氰脲酸和硫酸铜对卡拉白鱼(Chalcalburnus chal coides aralensis)急性毒性效应。结果表明:阿维菌素对卡拉白鱼24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度分别为6.25、4.66、3.66和2.82 mg/L,安全浓度为0.77 mg/L;三氯异氰尿酸对卡拉白鱼24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度分别为3.22、2.49、2.19、1.79 mg/L,安全浓度为0.45 mg/L;硫酸铜对卡拉白鱼24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度分别为5.56、3.96、2.03、1.74 mg/L,安全浓度为0.6 mg/L。三种药物对卡拉白鱼毒性高低依次为:硫酸铜三氯异氯尿酸阿维菌素。三种常规渔药的安全浓度近于或高于生产中常用泼洒浓度,可放心使用。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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