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1.
花生害虫严重危害青岛花生生产。本研究对该地区花生田昆虫群落多样性及主要害虫和天敌发生动态进行分析,结果表明：青岛地区昆虫种类丰富,群落结构较为稳定,天敌种类较为丰富。花生田主要地上害虫为花生蚜、西花蓟马、花生须峭麦蛾、斜纹夜蛾;主要天敌为异色瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫、大灰优蚜蝇、东亚小花蝽、卷叶蛾绒茧蜂等共48种;三年发生动态结果表明：花生蚜与其天敌昆虫发生具有明显的相关性,西花蓟马天敌昆虫对西花蓟马的控制力不强,天敌昆虫对花生须峭麦蛾和斜纹夜蛾具有一定的控制力。该结果可为田间害虫防控提供理论基础。 相似文献
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为了摸清花生田种级昆虫群落结构，阐明主要害虫及天敌种间对应关系，明确主要害虫及潜在天敌种类，为花生害虫生物防治和生态调控奠定基础，通过采用传统形态、解剖和DNA条形码三种鉴定方法，对2016-2017年辽宁阜新花生田昆虫进行种级分类鉴定，解析昆虫群落结构，并对害虫优势种、常见种与天敌的发生动态及相关性进行分析。结果表明，辽宁阜新花生田昆虫种类丰富，群落结构比较稳定，害虫优势种为双斑萤叶甲(2 793±3头)和小绿叶蝉(1 725±341头),收集到对应天敌7种(1 477±184头)和19种(2 116±353头);害虫常见种花生蚜(826±110头),收集到天敌23种(2 656±353头),天敌种类丰富。天敌与害虫发生动态及相关性分析表明，与双斑萤叶甲显著相关的天敌是黑背毛瓢虫，与小绿叶蝉显著相关的天敌种类是龟纹瓢虫、叶色草蛉、大草蛉、异色瓢虫、大灰食蚜蝇、黑食蚜盲蝽和黑头叉胸花蝽；与花生蚜显著相关的是大灰食蚜蝇、烟蚜茧蜂、窄腹食蚜蝇、烟盲蝽和斜斑鼓额食蚜蝇。本研究阐明了阜新地区花生田昆虫群落结构稳定，天敌资源丰富；明确了双斑萤叶甲、小绿叶蝉和花生蚜的田间潜在控害天敌种类，在生产中... 相似文献
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近几年来,随着农民生态意识的提高,棉田天敌量日益上升.根据清丰县测报站2000-2004年测报调查资料,对棉田捕食性天敌的发生规律及主要影响因子进行了分析。1天敌种类据调查,清丰县捕食性天敌主要有蜘蛛、瓢虫、捕食蝽、草蛉、食蚜蝇等,发生数量所占比例约为38%、32%、19%、3%、2%。其中蜘蛛的种类较多,主要有黄褐新园蛛、草间小黑蛛、三突花蛛等;瓢虫主要有七星瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫、异色瓢虫等;捕食蝽主要有小花蝽、华野姬猎蝽等;草蛉有中华草蛉和丽草蛉等;食蚜蝇以大灰食蚜蝇、长扁食蚜绳为主。2发生期5月初始发生天敌。在棉花的全生育期内共有… 相似文献
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2011-2015年连续5年对大豆蚜田间种群及其天敌的发生情况进行定点、定期监测。结果表明:2011-2015年大豆蚜始见期基本一致,6月中旬始见大豆蚜,不同年份大豆蚜量达到峰值的时间不同。无论大豆蚜发生的早晚,在始见期后的25 d,有蚜株率达到一个峰值。在适合大豆蚜发生的2011和2012年,第一个高峰后的15~20 d有蚜株率达到第二个高峰。大豆蚜始见期后的20~25 d,大豆蚜种群增长率达到最大值;大豆蚜的种群增长率在35~45 d后逐渐开始下降。从本研究看,天敌数量随着大豆蚜量的增长逐步达到的高峰,天敌始见期比大豆蚜始见期晚15 d左右,终见期比大豆蚜早20 d左右,种群数量的高峰期比大豆蚜量的高峰期早5~10 d。 相似文献
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转基因抗草甘膦抗虫棉田主要害虫及其天敌的种群动态 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
2010年在田间小区研究了转基因抗草甘膦抗虫棉田主要害虫和天敌的种群动态。结果表明,抗草甘膦抗虫棉不能减少田间棉铃虫的落卵量,但对棉铃虫有良好的控制作用。2、3代棉铃虫发生期,抗草甘膦抗虫棉田平均百株落卵量分别比Bt棉田增加12.5%和74.3%,比常规棉田增加4.6%和65.7%;棉铃虫平均百株幼虫数量少于常规棉田,但多于Bt棉田。棉盲蝽平均百株数量比Bt棉田和常规棉田分别减少36.1%和66.0%。抗草甘膦抗虫棉对棉蚜、棉叶螨和棉粉虱没有控制作用,和常规棉相比,田间发生量差异不显著,因此,仍需加强田间虫情监测,采取综合防治措施控制其为害。同时发现转基因抗草甘膦抗虫棉对草蛉、龟纹瓢虫、蜘蛛、小花蝽、寄生蜂等棉田主要天敌的种群数量均无显著影响。 相似文献
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异色瓢虫十九斑变型对豆黄蓟马成虫的捕食功能反应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
异色瓢虫十九斑变型是长春地区大豆田中重要的捕食性天敌昆虫之一,为明确这种天敌昆虫对豆黄蓟马成虫的控制作用,在实验室条件下测定了其捕食作用以及密度和种内干扰对其捕食能力的影响。结果表明:异色瓢虫十九斑变型成虫对豆黄蓟马成虫的捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ方程,回归模型为Na=0.934 6N/(1+0.0339N);异色瓢虫捕食作用受自身密度制约,平均捕食量随自身密度增大而减少,回归模型为A=13.534P~(-0.702 9);异色瓢虫成虫间存在种内干扰,干扰反应回归模型为E=57.218P~(-1.246)。异色瓢虫十九斑变型对豆黄蓟马成虫有较好的捕食作用和控制潜能。 相似文献
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龟纹瓢虫 Propylaea japonica(Thunberg)分布范围广,江西各县和我国25个省市区均有分布;其幼虫、成虫能捕食棉蚜、棉铃虫、小造桥虫、玉米螟等害虫卵以及幼虫(若虫);在赣北棉田其发生数量较大;因此是很有研究价值的棉花害虫天敌。为了对其进行合理的保护利用,作者于1979～1981年在本所(赣北洲地)利用20瓦黑光灯诱集,定田定期调查以及室内饲养等办法对龟纹瓢虫变型及种群消长进行了观察。现将主要结果整理报告于后供参考。一、龟纹瓢虫的变型及占比例 相似文献
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七种杀虫剂对异色飘虫成虫的毒力测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
转 Bt基因棉对棉蚜不具有抗性 ,但棉蚜的防治不容忽视 ,黄河流域棉区整个棉花生长期需防治3～ 4次。在防治棉蚜的同时 ,应重视天敌的保护利用 ,棉蚜的捕食性天敌以瓢虫类为主 ,其中苗蚜的天敌主要为七星瓢虫和异色瓢虫 ,但由于近年麦田麦蚜的发生严重 ,防治次数和用药量增加 ,滥用农药 ,加上七星瓢虫抗药性较低 ,造成七星瓢虫种群数量锐减 ,降低了向棉田迁移的基数 ,天敌数量下降明显。田间调查发现异色瓢虫 ( Leis axyridisPallas)已成为棉田棉蚜的优势捕食性天敌种类。2 0 0 3年初步研究了棉田 7种常用的有机磷类、菊酯类和新烟碱类杀虫… 相似文献
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龟纹瓢虫生物学特性及其对棉铃虫的捕食功能崔素贞，杨雨琴中国农业科学院棉花研究所安阳４５５１１２１９９１～１９９３年据在河南安阳棉田观察，龟纹瓢虫在棉田发生期长、数量大，其田间消长规律与二代棉铃虫关系密切。龟纹瓢虫越冬成虫于４月上旬开始产卵，５月底麦套... 相似文献
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Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
12.
Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
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种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
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ZHU Mingdong WEI Xiangjin XIE Hongjun TANG Guohua ZENG Xiaoshan WANG Jianlong HU Peisong YU Yinghong 《中国水稻科学》2019,33(5):401-406
Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry. 相似文献
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种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
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通过比较分析芸薹属多倍体复合种与其祖先二倍体基本种在花柱、柱头大小、角果长度、宽度、种子直径 及种子干重变化上的异同,发现多倍体复合种在这些发育性状上表现出处于两个祖先二倍体亲本之间,或只偏向 于其中一个祖先亲本。同一个多倍体品种在不同发育性状上具有不同的表现,即在某一发育性状上偏向于其祖先 亲本之一,而在另一发育性状上偏向其另一祖先亲本。 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献
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Effects of crop density and tillage system on grain yield and N uptake from soil and atmosphere of sole and intercropped pea and oat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) were grown as sole and mixed crops in various densities under two different tillage systems on a loess soil near Göttingen/Germany in a 2-year field experiment (2002/2003). In the conventional tillage system a mouldboard plough (CT) was used and in the minimum tillage system a rotary harrow (MT) was employed. The effect of crop density and tillage system on the grain dry matter and grain N yields, N2 fixation and soil N uptake were determined to address the following questions: (i) which mixture compositions exhibit the highest grain yields compared to the sole crops, (ii) which mixture compositions also fix a high level of N2 and leave low levels of residual inorganic soil N after harvest, and (iii) whether the intercrop advantage is influenced by the tillage system. For (i) the result in 2002 showed that the highest grain yields of both sole cropped pea and oat and intercropped pea and oat were achieved at the highest densities. In 2003, when the inorganic soil N content was higher and weather conditions were warmer and drier, grain yields were significantly higher than in 2002, but sole as well as intercropped pea and oat gave their highest grain yields at lower densities. For both years and tillage systems, the highest intercrop advantages were achieved in mixtures with densities above the optimal sole crop densities. The result for (ii) was that a distinctly higher proportion of nitrogen was derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) by intercropped pea than by sole cropped pea. However, the uptake of soil N by intercropped pea and oat was not reduced in comparison with that of sole cropped oat as the decrease in the uptake of N from the soil by oat at lower oat densities in the mixture was compensated for by the soil N uptake of pea. Additionally, the Nmin-N content of the soil following the mixtures and sole cropped oat did not differ, especially in the deeper soil layers because oat in mixture was forced to take up more soil N from deeper layers. Therefore, the risk of soil N losses through leaching after mixtures was lower compared to sole cropped pea. The tillage system (iii) had no significant influence on grain yield and soil N uptake, but N2 fixation and the competitive ability of intercropped pea were higher under CT than with MT. An additional result was that intercropping led to a significantly increased grain N content of both pea and oat compared to the sole crops. The increase in grain N content from sole to intercrop was from 3.30 to 3.42% for pea and from 1.73 to 1.96% for oat as a mean for both years and tillage systems. The present study confirms that growing pea and oat as intercrops highlights potential economic and environmental benefits which still need to be understood in more detail in order to exploit intercropping to a greater extent. 相似文献
19.