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本实验研究红曲霉与中药合生素对延边黄牛瘤胃内环境的影响。选择3只安有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年延边黄牛母牛为试验动物(315±30kg),采用3×3完全拉丁方设计试验。分别测定瘤胃液PH值、纤毛虫数、NH3-N浓度、和微生物蛋白质(BCP)浓度。试验结果表明:采食后各组pH值无显著影响(p0.05)。瘤胃内NH3-N浓度均处于合成瘤胃微生物的最佳浓度范围内,红曲霉+中药组与对照组、红曲霉组相比差异显著(P0.05)。6h纤毛虫数量对照组显著高于红曲酶组和红曲酶+中药组(p0.05)。其他时间差异不显著。红曲霉加中药组BCP含量显著高于其他两组(p0.05)。说明红曲霉加中药组中的信息有提高延边黄牛瘤胃微生物合成的作用,因而可促进瘤胃内养分消化代谢。 相似文献
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试验研究红曲霉合生素对延边黄牛瘤胃VFA浓度变化及饲料表观消化率的影响。试验结果表明:采食后各组pH值无显著影响(P>0.05)。瘤胃液中总挥发性脂肪酸的浓度,红曲霉组和红曲霉加中药组高于对照组,红曲霉加中药组在3、6、9h差异显著(P<0.05)。乙酸浓度红曲霉加中药组在3、6、9h高于其他两组,在3、6h差异显著(P<0.05)。丙酸的浓度红曲霉加中药组在3、6、9h高于其他两组,在3、6、9h与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。丁酸的浓度三组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。乙酸与丙酸的比值各组在各个时间点差异均不显著(P>0.05)。红曲霉组和红曲霉加中药组对粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维的影响不显著(P>0.05)。粗蛋白质和干物质中,红曲霉加中药组的消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。有机物中,红曲霉加中药组和红曲霉组的消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。红曲霉合生素提高了延边黄牛瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸和丙酸的浓度,显著增加了蛋白质、干物质和有机物的利用率,提高了延边黄牛瘤胃发酵效率。 相似文献
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试验研究了添加不同比例的混合植物油对延边黄牛瘤胃内环境参数的影响。采用4×3不完全拉丁方设计试验,选择4头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的延边黄牛母牛（体重275±20 kg）,试验日粮是在基础日粮中分别添加4%、5%、6%（以精料为基础）的混合植物油。试验结果表明：pH值变化范围为5.65-7.03,各组间各时间点的差异均不显著（P〉0.05）;添加植物油有降低纤毛虫数量的趋势,但各试验组与对照组无显著差异（P〉0.05）;NH3-N含量和BCP含量各组间均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论：在精料基础上添加6%水平以下的混合植物油对延边黄牛瘤胃发酵无影响。 相似文献
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选用3头三月龄左右装有瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶公犊,按3×3完全拉丁方试验设计,喂给三种日粮.日粮组成按精粗比分别表示为7030;6040;5050,研究不同日粮组成对断奶初期奶公犊瘤胃内环境指标包括pH值、氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、纤毛虫数量及微生物蛋白的影响.试验结果表明精粗比为7030日粮条件下奶公犊瘤胃内pH值显著低于其它组(P＜0.01),7030日粮组瘤胃内NH3-N浓度显著高于精粗比为6040和5050日粮(P＜0.01).不同日粮组成下精粗比为6040和5050日粮的瘤胃纤毛虫数量和微生物蛋白显著高于高精料组7030日粮(P＜0.01). 相似文献
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该试验研究了补饲热处理大麦对瘤胃内环境的影响。选择2头健康无病、体重相近、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的延边黄牛母牛，分别测定pH、原虫数及NH3-N浓度。对照组和试验组不同时间点pH值变化均不显著，两组pH值变化规律大致相同，变化范围在5．81～6．92之间。对照组和试验组不同时间点纤毛虫数量及NH3—N浓度无显著差异，试验组均低于对照组，但在各时间点，各组间差异均不显著。 相似文献
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选用3头三月龄左右装有瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶公犊,按3×3完全拉丁方试验设计,喂给三种日粮。日粮组成按精粗比分别表示为:70:30;60:40;50:50,研究不同日粮组成对断奶初期奶公犊瘤胃内环境指标包括pH值、氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、纤毛虫数量及微生物蛋白的影响。试验结果表明:精粗比为70:30日粮条件下奶公犊瘤胃内pH值显著低于其它组(P<0.01),70:30日粮组瘤胃内NH3-N浓度显著高于精粗比为60:40和50:50日粮(P<0.01)。不同日粮组成下精粗比为60:40和50:50日粮的瘤胃纤毛虫数量和微生物蛋白显著高于高精料组70:30日粮(P<0.01)。 相似文献
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选用4头平均体重350 kg装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的延边黄牛(4岁)作为试验动物,对瘤胃发酵特性及降解率进行了研究。试验分为对照组(基础日粮),试验Ⅰ组(基础日粮+延胡索酸80 g/d),试验Ⅱ组(基础日粮+延胡索酸160 g/d)和试验Ⅲ组(基础日粮+延胡索酸240 g/d)结果表明:试验Ⅲ组瘤胃液pH值显著低于对照组、试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P0.05);瘤胃氨态氮浓度(NH_3-N)试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05)。在饲喂1 h至9 h时,试验Ⅲ组瘤胃纤毛虫数量显著低于对照组、试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P0.05);干物质(DM)在24 h和48 h时,试验Ⅱ组显著高于对照组、试验Ⅰ和Ⅲ组(P0.05);有机物质(OM)在48 h时,试验Ⅱ组与对照组、试验Ⅰ组差异显著(P0.05)。本试验结果提示:延胡索酸在延边黄牛日粮中的最佳添加水平为160g/d。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(13)
为了研究延边黄牛体外瘤胃发酵特性,试验采用单因素试验设计,以苜蓿草粉+未发酵花生壳粗饲料、玉米-豆粕型精饲料进行组合,A组为高精料组,玉米、苜蓿草粉比例为7∶3;B组为低精料组,玉米、苜蓿草粉比例为3∶7;C组为高精料组,玉米、未发酵花生壳比例为7∶3;D组为低精料组,玉米、未发酵花生壳比例为3∶7,每组3个重复。取延边黄牛瘤胃液,在39.0℃厌氧条件下恒温培养12 h,测定瘤胃微生物发酵指标。结果表明:发酵3小时时D组延边黄牛瘤胃p H值显著高于A、B组(P0.05),发酵12小时时B、C、D组显著高于A组(P0.05);发酵3,6小时时B组延边黄牛瘤胃NH3-N含量显著高于A、C、D组(P0.05),发酵12小时时C、D组显著高于A、B组(P0.05);发酵12小时时A、B、C组延边黄牛瘤胃乙酸含量显著高于D组(P0.05),丙酸含量在发酵12小时时达到最高,在发酵3,6,12小时时D组乙酸/丙酸最高;A组延边黄牛瘤胃产气量在各时期都最高。说明苜蓿草粉更有利于延边黄牛瘤胃微生物发酵。 相似文献
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选用8只健康成年狍,采用瘤胃穿刺法收集瘤胃液。研究不同季节日粮组成对狍瘤胃pH、挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）、氨态氮（NH3-N）、茵体蛋白（BCP）、内毒素以及组织胺浓度等瘤胃内环境指标的影响。结果显示：夏季日粮与冬季日粮相比较,瘤胃中NH3-N和BCP浓度显著升高（P〈0．05）;瘤胃pH和乙酸水平显著降低（P〈0．05）;丙酸水平显著提升（P〈0．05）;而内毒素和组织胺浓度无显著变化（P〉0．05）。试验结果表明,冬、夏日粮组成均能够满足狍的营养需要以及稳定狍的瘤胃内环境,但夏季日粮组成对狍瘤胃发酵和营养需要更为适宜。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献