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细胞凋亡信号转导途径及调控的研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
细胞凋亡是机体维持自身稳定的一种基本生理机制 ,是有许多基因产物及细胞因子参与的一种有序的细胞自我消亡形式。通过细胞凋亡 ,机体可清除损伤、衰老与突变的细胞来维持自身的稳态平衡和各种器官及系统的正常功能。细胞凋亡可被多种生理性、病理性及其它因素所诱发 ,它的发生过程可分为启始阶段、效应阶段和降解阶段。由于细胞凋亡是一种复杂的生理及病理现象 ,所以在其发生的 3个阶段中涉及不同的信号转导途径及其调控。其中死亡受体途径、线粒体途径和内质网途径是细胞凋亡信号转导的重要途径。这 3条途径的密切联系和相互作用 ,完成了凋亡信号的传导并最终促进或抑制细胞凋亡。另一方面 ,3条途径分别受到包括 Bc1 -2家族蛋白在内的许多因素的调控。它们和 caspase、Bcl-2家族蛋白、smac、调节抑制蛋白及胞内信号转导途径等构成一个复杂的网络机构诱导细胞凋亡并对其进行严密的调控。 相似文献
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固始鸡免疫器官内细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Bcl-2的动态表达 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
应用免疫组织化学技术和Leica 显微图像处理系统,对细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Bcl-2在固始鸡免疫器官内的动态表达进行了研究。结果：Bax蛋白在不同发育阶段固始鸡免疫器官内均有表达,但表达量不同;Bax蛋白表达于固始鸡免疫器官内淋巴细胞细胞膜、细胞质和细胞核;Bax蛋白表达阳性细胞在固始鸡不同免疫器官内分布位置不同,呈散在或簇团状分布：脾脏内不同部位均有分布,主要在动脉周围淋巴鞘、红髓、淋巴小结边缘、边缘区,很少出现在淋巴小结内;胸腺内主要分布于胸腺小叶的皮质与髓质交界处,其次是胸腺小叶髓质,极少出现于皮质;法氏囊内阳性细胞主要分布于黏膜靠近上皮细胞的固有膜层内、淋巴滤泡间的区域,在淋巴滤泡边缘的少量淋巴细胞也有Bax蛋白表达,淋巴滤泡内极少有阳性细胞。Bcl-2蛋白在固始鸡免疫器官内的表达与Bax相似,但表达量与Bax相比较少。以上结果表明,细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Bcl-2参与了固始鸡免疫器官内淋巴细胞发育分化过程中的凋亡调控,对免疫器官的稳定发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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细胞凋亡检测技术的研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
细胞凋亡是一种不同于细胞坏死的细胞死亡方式，是在一定的生理或病理情况下，机体为维护内环境的稳定，通过基因调控，激活内源性核酸内切酶而发生的细胞自动消亡的过程，亦称为程序化细胞死亡(programmed cell death，PCD)。自1972年Kerr等根据细胞发生了与坏死完全不一样的死亡过程而提出细胞凋亡(apoptosis)的概念后，引起细胞生物工作者的注意，但由于当时检测技术的限制，这种细胞凋亡现象只停留于形态描述，缺乏定 相似文献
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卵巢是家禽的重要繁殖器官,会产生大量卵泡,而卵泡在生长发育的各个阶段中都可能因为不同因素的调控而发生闭锁,最终导致繁殖性能衰退。颗粒细胞对卵泡的生长发育有重要调控作用,其凋亡会诱导卵泡发生闭锁。诱导颗粒细胞发生凋亡的因素较多,包括激素、细胞因子、氧化应激、线粒体及其他体外因素。颗粒细胞凋亡主要由线粒体途径导致,其涉及到半胱天冬酶（Caspase）家族参与,当线粒体裂解时会释放细胞色素C （Cyt-C）,随后形成凋亡小体激活Caspase-3和Caspase-8,最终激活Caspase-9导致颗粒细胞凋亡;当颗粒细胞发生凋亡,家禽体内卵泡丧失生物功能并且卵泡细胞之间的调控失衡,促使卵泡内卵母细胞和膜细胞凋亡,最终导致卵泡发生闭锁;颗粒细胞在存活状态下所分泌的生长因子、性腺类固醇、细胞因子能减少卵母细胞氧化损伤,防止细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平过高导致的线粒体DNA损伤,从而避免线粒体功能障碍而造成的颗粒细胞凋亡。作者从颗粒细胞凋亡及其影响因素、颗粒细胞凋亡和卵泡闭锁的关系、颗粒细胞凋亡对卵泡闭锁的影响3个方面进行阐述,以期为减少卵泡闭锁、提高家禽繁殖性能提供理论依据。 相似文献
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线粒体在细胞凋亡中的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
细胞凋亡属机体的生理机制 ,是多细胞生物更新正常细胞和清除异常细胞的重要手段 ,线粒体为细胞各种生命活动提供能量 ,二者紧密相关 ;线粒体参与细胞凋亡 ,并且是细胞凋亡的调控中心。淋巴细胞 ,巨噬细胞 ,神经细胞 ,肿瘤细胞等的凋亡都证实了这一点 ;NO和 Ca2 诱导的细胞凋亡也通过线粒体来完成 ;在线粒体调控细胞凋亡机理的研究上也有大量研究成果 ,如 :半胱天冬酶的诱导机制 ,细胞色素 c引起细胞凋亡的机制 ,胞内氧化还原电势改变引起细胞凋亡 ,Bcl-2家族蛋白调控细胞凋亡等。但线粒体参与调控的凋亡机制并不是唯一的细胞凋亡通路。本文综述了近年来有关线粒体与细胞凋亡关系的研究进展 相似文献
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Ahmed Mohamed Fouad HebatAllah Kasem El-Senousey Dong Ruan Shuang Wang Weiguang Xia Chuntian Zheng 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(6):1146-1153
Many studies have shown that productivity, immune system, antioxidant status, and meat and egg quality can be optimized by dietary supplementation with amino acids that are not usually added to poultry diets. Understanding the effects of these amino acids may encourage feed manufacturers and poultry producers to include them as additives. One of these amino acids is tryptophan (Trp). The importance of Trp is directly related to its role in protein anabolism and indirectly related to its metabolites such as serotonin and melatonin. Thus, Trp could affect the secretion of hormones, development of immune organs, meat and egg production, and meat and egg quality in poultry raised under controlled or stressed conditions. Therefore, this review discusses the main roles of Trp in poultry production and its mode (s) of action in order to help poultry producers decide whether they need to add Trp to poultry diets. Further areas of research are also identified to address information gaps. 相似文献
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免疫增强剂在鸡疫病防制中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
随着现代化养鸡业集约化程度的不断提高,鸡场的疫病防御愈发重要。疫苗的应用已被广大养殖业者充分认可,在鸡疫病防制中起到了不可替代的作用。但是因各种原因,疫苗在疫病防制中并不能发挥最大的免疫保护效力。免疫增强剂自发现以来,已经在人及各种动物的疾病防治中得以广泛尝试应用。研究证明,免疫增强剂与疫苗的联合应用,取得了较好的免疫增强效果,提高了疫苗对动物机体的保护效率,因而对于免疫增强剂的研究已成为当代免疫学研究的热点之一。为了在临床中更好的应用免疫增强剂,提高疫苗效力,现将一些免疫增强剂在鸡疫病防制中的应用做一综述。 相似文献
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Immunogenetics and the major histocompatibility complex. 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
S J Lamont 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1991,30(1):121-127
The poultry immune system is a complex system involving many different cell types and soluble factors that must act in concert to give rise to an effective response to pathogenic challenge. The complexity of the immune system allows the opportunity for genetic regulation at many different levels. Cellular communication in the immune response, the production of soluble factors, and the rate of development of immune competency are all subject to genetic influences. The genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encode proteins which have a crucial role in the functioning of the immune system. The MHC antigens of chickens are cell surface glycoproteins of three different classes: Class I (B-F), Class II (B-L) and Class IV (B-G). The MHC antigens serve as essential elements in the regulation of cell-cell interactions. The MHC has been shown to influence immune response and resistance to autoimmune, viral, bacterial and parasitic disease in chickens. The MHC has been the primary set of genes identified with genetic control of immune response and disease resistance, but there are many lesser-characterized genes outside of the MHC that also regulate immunoresponsiveness. Polygenic control has been identified in selection experiments that have produced lines of chickens differing in antibody levels or kinetics of antibody production. These lines also differ in immunoresponsiveness and resistance to a variety of diseases. Understanding the genetic bases for differences in immunoresponsiveness allows the opportunity selectively to breed birds which are more resistant to disease. Indirect markers that can be used for this selection can include the MHC genes and immune response traits that have been associated with specific or general resistance to disease. 相似文献
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The intestinal immune system is affected by various factors during its development, such as maternal antibodies, host genes, intestinal microbial composition and activity, and various stresses (such as weaning stress). Intestinal microbes may have an important impact on the development of the host immune system. Appropriate interventions such as probiotics may have a positive effect on intestinal immunity by regulating the composition and activity of intestinal microbes. Moreover, probiotics participate in the regulation of host health in many ways; for instance, by improving digestion and the absorption of nutrients, immune response, increasing the content of intestinal-beneficial microorganisms, and inhibiting intestinal-pathogenic bacteria, and they participate in regulating intestinal diseases in various ways. Probiotics are widely used as additives in livestock and the poultry industry and bring health benefits to hosts by improving intestinal microbes and growth performance, which provides more choices for promoting strong and efficient productivity. 相似文献
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Evolution of Marek's disease -- a paradigm for incessant race between the pathogen and the host 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Nair V 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2005,170(2):175-183
Marek's disease (MD) is a highly contagious lymphoproliferative disease of poultry caused by the oncogenic herpesvirus designated Marek's disease virus (MDV). MD has a worldwide distribution and is thought to cause an annual loss over 1 bn US dollars to the poultry industry. Originally described as a paralytic disease, today MD is mostly manifested as an acute disease with tumours in multiple visceral organs. MD is controlled essentially by the widespread use of live vaccines administered either in ovo into 18-day-old embryos or into chicks immediately after they hatch. In spite of the success of the vaccines in reducing the losses from the disease in the last 30 years, MDV strains have shown continuous evolution in virulence acquiring the ability to overcome the immune responses induced by the vaccines. During this period, different generations of MD vaccines have been introduced to protect birds from the increasingly virulent MDV strains. However, the virus has countered each new vaccine with ever more virulent strains. This continuous race between the virus and the host is making the control of this poultry health problem a major challenge for the future. 相似文献
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鸡球虫疫苗研究进展 总被引：43，自引：10，他引：33
鸡球虫病是生产中严重危害养禽业的寄生虫病,长期以来以药物防治为主。目前,由于球虫耐药性的普遍存在,加上消费者对禽产品药物残留问题的关注,采用疫苗防治球虫病为人心所向。球虫活苗在实际生产中发挥了一定的作用,但由于球虫活苗存在“复壮”的可能且使用麻烦,人们将目光转向了分子疫苗。球虫基因组学研究为基因工程苗开发奠定了基础,目前已经筛选了上百个功能抗原基因。受表达系统的限制,原核表达的重组蛋白抗原性较差,虽有较多尝试,但鲜有成功。人们在探索体外真核表达(如酵母、杆状病毒表达系统等)的同时,核酸疫苗以其独特的诱发高水平细胞免疫反应的能力而倍受青睐,近几年发展较快。 相似文献
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肠道作为整个机体主要的消化器官和体内最大的免疫器官,在家禽的生长发育和繁殖生产中起着至关重要的作用。肠道健康标准可为生产中及时监测并准确判断肠道的健康状况提供依据,了解肠道屏障的损伤机制有助于制定相应的防控策略。在实际生产中影响家禽肠道健康的因素众多,主要包括:致病性病毒、细菌、真菌和寄生虫等感染;饲料卫生、饲料霉菌及其毒素、日粮抗原、应激因素、禽舍环境卫生等。文章重点介绍了畜禽肠道健康的五大标准和评价肠道是否健康的相关生物标记物,阐述了影响家禽肠道健康的因素,肠道屏障损伤的机制,并针对不同因素导致的肠道健康问题阐明了不同的防控方案。 相似文献
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H G Purchase 《Avian diseases》1986,30(1):47-59
The major biotechnological advances that can be applied in the poultry industry will include molecular genetics, molecular immunology, and solid-state reactions. The elucidation of the genetic code and the development of techniques to manipulate genes offer new opportunities for changing pathogenic agents and changing chickens to reduce the effect of disease and improve productivity. The monoclonal antibody technique and the discovery that cells of the immune response communicate with one another through peptide factors will permit improved diagnostic techniques and enhanced immune responses to vaccines. Immunologic and biochemical reactions that occur on a solid substrate can be used to simplify and accelerate diagnostic tests and to purify antigens and antibodies. These advances will lead to improvements in diagnosis, disease resistance, and productivity of poultry. 相似文献