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1.
高山草地的反射光谱与牧草长势的相关分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
不同的草地群落，其反射光谱曲线差异显著，草地植被盖度对光谱反射有显著影响，在５５０ｎｍ波段，随着植被盖度增加，其反射率相应提高，在６５０ｎｍ波段，与之相反，盖度增加，光谱反射率下降；在近红外波段，光谱反射率的增加与植被盖度增长同步，植物群落的季相对反射光谱表现出与盖度相似的影响，在遥感图像上一定有响应。 相似文献
2.
本文对甘肃省天祝藏族自治县乌鞘岭南侧金强河谷地高山草甸植被中4个草本植物群落和1个灌丛群落的光谱反射特征及其影响因素进行了测试研究,结果表明,不同植物群落在可见光波段和近红外波段的反射比存在显著或极显著的差异,因此,利用光谱反射特征区分草地植物群落是可行的。 相似文献
3.
退化伊犁绢蒿荒漠草地高光谱特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用SVC HR-768 便携式光谱仪测定围栏内、外不同退化梯度伊犁绢蒿（Seriphidium transiliense）荒漠草地植物群落的光谱反射率,以及该类草地退化过程中的优势种伊犁绢蒿（减少种）、叉毛蓬（Petrosimonia sibirica）（增加种）、萹蓄（Polygonum aviculare）（侵入种）和裸地的光谱反射率,为实现伊犁绢蒿荒漠草地的高光谱遥感监测奠定基础。结果表明：在近红外波段,特征种与裸地的光谱反射率为裸地>萹蓄>伊犁绢蒿>叉毛蓬。萹蓄光谱反射率对退化草地植物群落的反射特征影响很小。退化草地植物群落冠层光谱反射率主要受伊犁绢蒿和叉毛蓬反射特征的影响,与优势种重要值成正相关关系,中度退化草地植物群落光谱反射率为围栏内>围栏外;重度和极度退化草地植物群落光谱反射率为围栏内<围栏外。 相似文献
4.
基于红光和近红外反射光谱特征参数反演草地地上生物量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2013年6~10月测定东非狼尾草+白三叶混播草地冠层反射光谱和地上生物量;分析红光波段和近红外波段反射光谱特征参数与牧草鲜重及干物质之间的相关关系;构建并检验基于红光单波段和植被指数(NDVI、RVI、DVI)反演草地地上生物量回归模型。结果表明:红光波段反射率与草地地上生物量之间存在显著相关性;地上生物量的增加能够显著降低"红谷"反射率,显著升高近红外850.0nm处反射率;选用红光单波段反射率、红光波段构建的植被指数RVI或红光与近红外波段构建的植被指数NDVI,均能够精确反演草地鲜草产量和干物质产量;适宜估产的植被指数因季节和草地生物量的差异而不同,在6月11日,植被指数RVI反演模型估测的草地生物量与实测值的模拟效果最好,10月12日,植被指数NDVI反演模型估测的草地生物量与实测值的模拟效果最好。 相似文献
5.
内蒙古退化草甸草原近地面光谱特征的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用ISI921VF-256型地物光谱仪对低山丘陵草甸草原植物群落和裸地的反射率光谱特征进行了测定和分析。结果表明:(1)草甸草原植物群落的光谱反射曲线在可见光波段具有明显的峰谷特性,在近红外波段呈强反射。(2)草甸草原植物群落的光谱反射率随退化程度的加深而增强。(3)在同一退化梯度下,草甸草原裸地的反射率在可见光波段大于植物群落,而在近红外波段小于植物群落;大针茅群落对可见光的反射率小于冷蒿群落,而对近红外光的反射率大于冷蒿群落。 相似文献
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玛多县高寒草甸是黄河源区草地生态系统的重要组成部分,研究其主要植物地面光谱特征和植被指数是实现物种识别的基础。本研究使用地物光谱仪采集黄河源头在旺盛生长时期的5种常见高寒植物的光谱,将原始光谱数据进行转换和分析,筛选敏感波段组合计算归一化植被指数（NDVI）和比值植被指数（RVI）,以探索分类和识别5种植物的最佳方法。研究结果如下：1)5种高寒植物在可见光与近红外波段的光谱与植物特有的光谱特征相符,但相互存在明显差异;2）反射率（REF）和吸收率（ABS）的一阶微分（GREF和GABS）变换扩大了5种高寒植物的光谱特性,相对稳定的波长范围为520～595、880～1 100 nm、717～737和943～958 nm;3)5种植物在ABS及GABS转化下的490～530 nm和780～820 nm组合计算的NDVI’和RVI’差异明显大于全波段组合计算的NDVI’和RVI’,而且优于其他组合的NDVI’和RVI’。综上所述,运用一阶微分处理敏感波段反射率和吸收率优化植被指数可以提高黄河源区5种高寒植物的识别效果。 相似文献
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利用便携式地物光谱仪,对天山北坡中段伊犁绢蒿(Seriphidium transiliense)荒漠草地9种植物进行实地光谱测量,对光谱进行一阶微分、平滑、归一化、R_r-R_n光谱特征空间处理,对植物光谱特征分析及识别,并建立判别模型。结果表明,不同植物的原始光谱反射率在特定波段具有一定差异性,一阶微分对于精确提取该类草地植物红边特征参数值有重要作用,平滑处理可以有效去除噪声影响,归一化更有利于发现植物光谱特征,Rr-Rn在区分该类草地植物方面存在困难。选用近红外波段反射率(R_n),红边位置(REP),绿波段反射率(R_g),修改型土壤调节植被指数MSAVI和叶绿素吸收比值指数(CRAI)5项光谱指标建立判别函数,9种植物的判别精度达到90.5%。 相似文献
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利用环境减灾卫星HJ 1A高光谱图像数据,分析了研究区不同土地覆盖类型的波谱曲线特征,比较了监督分类和光谱角分类方法对高光谱影像的分类精度,研究了高寒牧区草地生物量超光谱遥感监测模型。结果表明,1）不同地物波谱曲线的吸收位置和吸收深度等波谱特征在可见光波段具有较大差异,在近红外波段吸收特征相似。在可见光波段,云和植被的吸收位置最少,都只有1处,但云的吸收深度小于植被;裸地吸收位置有5处;水域吸收位置最多,有6处。2）光谱角与监督分类均适于高光谱影像分类,但光谱角分类方法的总精度可达85.9%,远高于监督分类法。3）依据草地生物量与9种植被指数间的回归分析结果,选出了适合研究区草地植被生物量动态监测的两种植被指数,即归一化植被指数和比值植被指数。 相似文献
10.
随着生态健康检测与保护工作的实践以及研究问题的深入，传统的植物分类手段不能完全满足当前研究的需要。因此为研究快速分类识别草地植物的方法，本研究利用ASD (Analytical spectral devices)地物光谱仪，采集了三江源地区高寒草地常见的阿尔泰葶苈(Draba altaica)、高山风毛菊(Saussurea japonica)和车前状垂头菊(Cremanthodium ellisii)等36种植物的原始光谱数据，并选择了比值植被指数等16种高光谱植被指数，基于支持向量机(Support vector machines，SVM)等3种机器学习算法，构建高寒草地植物光谱分类识别模型。研究结果表明：高寒草地植物的原始光谱均符合绿色植物特征，但由于植物形态特征不同光谱差异主要集中在可见光波段；基于植被指数结合3种算法构建的分类模型，精度依次为随机森林(Random forest,RF)(99.4%)>SVM (93.2%)>K邻近算法KNN (88.0%)，且模型的预测结果都出现了误判情况；相比SVM与KNN，RF为基于植被指数构建模型的最佳算法，同时能对所构建模型参数进行重要性分析，其中RGI和SAVI为提高RF分类模型精度的两个重要参数。 相似文献
11.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
14.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献