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1.
生物防治白僵菌与家蚕病原白僵菌的生物学特性初步比较 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对广州市森林保护用生防白僵菌Bb2、华南农业大学保存生防用白僵菌Bb7以及收集自广东省化州蚕种场、化州市笪桥村、翁源县硝村等蚕区的3株家蚕白僵菌分离株(Bb8、Bb13、Bb14),分别用PDA培养基进行分离和扫描电子显微镜观察,并对菌株的生物学特性进行初步比较,为开展家蚕白僵病的病原溯源和防控研究,以及为评估蚕区使用白僵菌农药对养蚕生产安全的影响提供实验依据。结果表明,上述5株白僵菌的菌落形态、营养生长量、产孢量等生物学性状存在差异,生长最快的是Bb2菌株,产孢量最高的是Bb8菌株和Bb13菌株;2株僵蚕蛹来源白僵菌Bb8、Bb14的分生孢子在扫描电子显微镜下呈球形或近球形,二者同为球孢白僵菌[Beauveria bassiana(Bals.)Vuill.]。研究结果还显示部分蚕区的家蚕白僵菌与生物防治用白僵菌有一定程度的生物学特征相似性,而相同地区的家蚕病原白僵菌也存在差异,这暗示广东蚕区家蚕白僵病的病原来源复杂,对于2株生防用白僵菌菌株Bb2、Bb7是否为家蚕病原白僵菌还有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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白僵菌生防菌株Bb10和4株家蚕来源白僵菌分离株的生物学特性研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为探明用于生物防治的白僵菌菌株和家蚕来源白僵菌的关系,用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)培养基对来自广西壮族自治区的白僵菌生防菌株Bb10和收集自广西象州、宜州、环江等蚕区的4株家蚕白僵菌分离株进行分离鉴定,并对菌株的生物学特性和毒力进行比较。菌株的鉴定结果表明:象州寺村镇的家蚕白僵菌Bb9和广西生防白僵菌Bb10均为卵孢白僵菌;象州中平镇的家蚕白僵菌Bb3和环江家蚕白僵菌Bb12为球孢白僵菌;宜州家蚕白僵菌Bb11为小球孢白僵菌。上述5株白僵菌的菌落形态、营养生长量、产孢量等生物学性状及对家蚕的毒力存在差异。生长最快的是Bb9菌株和Bb10菌株,且二者的菌落形态均呈棉絮状,但Bb10菌株的分生孢子较Bb9菌株的分生孢子要大很多;产孢量最高的是Bb10菌株和Bb11菌株;Bb3菌株对家蚕的毒力最强,Bb9菌株和Bb10菌株的毒力相对较弱。上述结果暗示广西蚕区白僵病的病原来源非常复杂,部分蚕区的家蚕白僵菌与生防用白僵菌有一定程度的相似性,可作为家蚕白僵病的溯源和防控依据。 相似文献
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家蚕病原白僵菌原生质体分离条件的研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
调查研究了家蚕病原白僵菌（Beauveriabassiana）原生质体的分离制备条件。以6mg／mLDriselase液为酶解液，以0.7mol／LNaCl液（pH5．8）为渗透压稳定剂，在30℃下轻轻振荡处理1．5h，能从家蚕病原白但菌嫩菌丝中分离出2～4×107个／mL原生质体，这是家蚕病原白鹰菌原生质体的最适分离条件。 相似文献
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家蚕灰僵病病原的鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
家蚕灰僵病(grey muscardine)是一类不常见的真菌病,其病原一直未能确定。从感染灰僵病的家蚕体中分离获得一株棒束孢(Isaria),菌株编号为RCEF197,测定了该菌株的ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA区域序列,研究了该菌株的菌落和显微形态特征。与一些近似的棒束孢和拟青霉(Paecilomyces)的ITS序列进行比较,该菌株和爪哇棒束孢菌株CBS134.22的相似性为99.8%,在构建的棒束孢属部分种的系统发育树中,该菌株与爪哇棒束孢聚为一类,再结合该菌株具有的淡灰紫色菌落和长椭圆形分生孢子大小等形态学特征,将家蚕灰僵病的病原确定为爪哇棒束孢Isaria javanica。 相似文献
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家蚕血液型脓病的发生规律及防治方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1家蚕血液型脓病的病原
家蚕血液型脓病是一种病毒病,是由于家蚕感染了核型多角体病毒而引起的。该病原属于杆状病毒科（Baculoviridae）,家蚕核型多角体病毒属（bombxy mori nucleopolyhedrovirus virus,简称家蚕NPV）。杆状病毒（Baculovirus）是一类专门寄生节肢动物的病原微生物,是囊膜包被的双链环状DNA病毒,病毒粒子呈杆状,基因组大小介于80～180kb之间。 相似文献
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吸水链霉菌(Streptomyces hygroscopicus)BS-112菌株产生的活性物质对白僵菌、绿僵菌、黄曲霉菌等家蚕病原真菌具有抑制作用。研究了7种大孔吸附树脂对BS-112菌株产生的抗真菌活性物质的吸附和解吸性能,筛选出对抗真菌活性物质具有良好吸附及解吸性能的X-5树脂,这种树脂对抗真菌活性物质的饱和吸附量为73.37 mg/g,最适吸附温度为25℃,饱和吸附时间为150 min,以75%乙醇进行动态解吸,解吸率可达93.68%。BS-112菌株产生的抗真菌活性物质在低浓度下即能够较好地抑制家蚕病原白僵菌的生长,96孔板法测定的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和杀菌浓度(MFC)分别为1.56、3.13μg/mL,并且活性物质的毒性小,以2 000 mg/kg剂量的活性物质灌胃小鼠,小鼠无急性中毒表现。 相似文献
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一株桑树内生拮抗菌的分离鉴定 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
从经过严格表面消毒的桑树根、茎、叶中分离获得内生细菌76株。以金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)作为指示菌进行拮抗菌的筛选,其中5个分离株具有抑菌活性,复筛选出抑菌活性及热稳定性最强的G21菌株。进一步研究表明G21菌株对家蚕病原真菌球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)、绿僵菌(Metarhizium)均具有较强的拮抗作用。该菌株的形态及部分生理生化特征为:革兰阳性,杆状,产芽孢,接触酶阳性,好氧。16S rDNA序列分析表明该菌株与芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)的同源性达到99.8%。综合以上鉴定结果确定G21菌株为芽孢杆菌。 相似文献
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MD-2相关脂类识别蛋白(MD-2-related lipid-recognition,ML)家族是一类广泛分布于动物、植物和真菌的含有ML单一结构域的蛋白家族,在先天免疫、脂类识别及代谢过程中发挥重要作用。通过同源检索在家蚕基因组数据库中比对获得4个ML家族成员基因,包括BmNPC2、BmML-1、BmML-2和BmEr-16,克隆其cDNA序列,生物信息学分析表明家蚕ML家族蛋白具有典型的ML结构域和信号肽,并至少含有4个保守的半胱氨酸残基。系统进化分析显示BmNPC2与黑脉金斑蝶的Promoting以及烟草天蛾的MsML-1亲缘关系较近,BmML-2、BmEr-16以及BmML-1与果蝇的NPC2家族蛋白亲缘关系较近。qRT-PCR结果显示ML家族基因在家蚕各组织中均有转录,其中在脂肪体和马氏管中的表达量相对较高。将大肠埃希菌以及球孢白僵菌、黑胸败血芽孢杆菌、核型多角体病毒和家蚕微孢子虫等家蚕病原通过注射或添食家蚕5龄幼虫进行免疫诱导,qRT-PCR结果显示家蚕ML家族成员在不同病原诱导之后均有不同程度的上调表达,推测ML家族成员可能参与到宿主对入侵病原物的免疫过程。 相似文献
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Genomic diversity of Bartonella henselae isolates from domestic cats from Japan, the USA and France by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Maruyama S Kasten RW Boulouis HJ Gurfield NA Katsube Y Chomel BB 《Veterinary microbiology》2001,79(4):337-349
The genomic DNA diversity of 27 Bartonella henselae and three B. clarridgeiae isolates from 18 domestic cats from Japan, the USA and France was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with NotI, AscI and SmaI restriction enzymes. A great diversity of genomic patterns was found for all B. henselae, but none for B. clarridgeiae isolates. The DNA size of B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae isolates were 1.7-2.9 and 1.7Mbp, respectively. All 13 Japanese cat isolates were identified as B. henselae type I. Furthermore, three of the four Japanese cats harbored genetically different B. henselae type I isolates, suggesting for the first time co-infection with various type I isolates.One French cat and one American cat were co-infected with B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae. B. henselae type I and type II were mainly grouped in two different clusters by PFGE using SmaI endonuclease in the dendrogram. 相似文献
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家蚕抵抗白僵菌感染的机理研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
白僵菌分生孢子在不同抗性品种蚕幼虫体表面,自萌发到侵入的全过程都不形成一个明显象附着胞那样的构造;分生孢子萌发后的侵入情况可观察到三种不同状态;蚕毛窝间隙、气门是自僵菌易侵入的部位之一.不同品种及同一品种不同生长阶段的蚕.对白僵菌的感染性存在差异.家蚕体壁的表面构造,化学性质的防御反应,以及家蚕血液对白僵菌发育、增殖的影响.是造成此差异的机理之一. 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the importance of clonal spread of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae resistant to pleuromutilins (tiamulin, valnemulin) on farms in the Czech Republic. Agar dilution method and macrorestriction fragment profile analysis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis were used to characterise 35 B hyodysenteriae isolates that were obtained from clinical cases of swine dysentery on 32 farms between 2000 and 2005. Most isolates showed multiple resistances to tiamulin, valnemulin, tylosin and lincomycin. A total of six pulsotypes were detected in these multiresistant isolates. An analysis of epidemiological data showed that multiresistant B hyodysenteriae isolates were more often detected on fattening farms (59 per cent), compared with farms with other types of production. Furthermore, it was found that multiresistant B hyodysenteriae clones were most frequently selected on farms with endemic incidence of swine dysentery. This finding was confirmed by the characterisation of 21 B hyodysenteriae isolates obtained from three large-scale operations in seven consecutive years. 相似文献
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为研究16S rRNA甲基化酶rmtB在猪肠道菌中的传播方式,用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分别对来源于A、B猪场的48株rmtB阳性大肠埃希氏菌进行基因分型;用膜接合试验研究rmtB基因的水平传播方式;用微量稀释法对rmtB阳性菌及其接合子进行药敏试验。有45株rmtB阳性大肠埃希氏菌(45/48)能进行PFGE分型,可分为28种不同的PFGE基因型。其中来源于A猪场的20株菌可分为12种基因型,来源于B猪场的25株菌可分为16种基因型;46株rmtB阳性菌可以通过接合试验将rmtB基因及其介导的耐药性传递给受体菌E.coliC600和E.coli488 Rifr,接合频率从4.6×10-13~3.0×10-6不等,接合子对卡那霉素、阿米卡星、妥布霉素、西梭米星、萘替米星、庆大霉素6种二脱氧链霉胺类抗生素均高度耐药(MIC≥512μg/mL)。结果表明,rmtB基因位于接合性质粒上,该基因在两猪场的大肠埃希氏菌中既存在克隆传播,又存在水平传播,以水平传播为主。 相似文献
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MM FEIZABADI ID ROBERTSON A HOPE DV COUSINS DJ HAMPSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(12):887-889
Objectives To examine strain variation amongst Australian isolates of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis .
Design Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was optimised for differentiation of M paratuberculosis strains, and this typing technique was then applied to a collection of Australian isolates.
Procedure DNAs from 35 Australian isolates of M para-tuberculosis and a UK reference strain were digested with one or other of three restriction endonucleases. The banding patterns obtained after pulsed field gel electrophoresis of the DNA fragments were compared.
Results The Australian isolates were divided into two groups on the basis of their DNA banding pattern. Both were different from the UK reference strain. Seven isolates from cattle in Victoria and the Northern Territory had the same pattern as five isolates from alpacas in Victoria and Western Australia. Another 20 isolates from cattle in Victoria, Western Australia and the Northern Territory had the same pattern as isolates from two sheep and a goat in New South Wales.
Conclusion Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was a useful tool for strain typing of M paratuberculosis , and could be used to study the transmission of strains in Australia. 相似文献
Design Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was optimised for differentiation of M paratuberculosis strains, and this typing technique was then applied to a collection of Australian isolates.
Procedure DNAs from 35 Australian isolates of M para-tuberculosis and a UK reference strain were digested with one or other of three restriction endonucleases. The banding patterns obtained after pulsed field gel electrophoresis of the DNA fragments were compared.
Results The Australian isolates were divided into two groups on the basis of their DNA banding pattern. Both were different from the UK reference strain. Seven isolates from cattle in Victoria and the Northern Territory had the same pattern as five isolates from alpacas in Victoria and Western Australia. Another 20 isolates from cattle in Victoria, Western Australia and the Northern Territory had the same pattern as isolates from two sheep and a goat in New South Wales.
Conclusion Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was a useful tool for strain typing of M paratuberculosis , and could be used to study the transmission of strains in Australia. 相似文献
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Camargo MG Golo PS Angelo IC Perinotto WM Sá FA Quinelato S Bittencourt VR 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,188(1-2):140-147
The formulations of acaripathogenic fungi to control ticks have been widely studied. The present study evaluated the efficacy of oil-based formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.), isolate Ma 959, and Beauveria bassiana, isolate Bb 986, on different Rhipicephalus microplus stages, comparing the efficacy between aqueous suspensions and 10, 15 and 20% mineral oil formulations. Twelve groups were formed: one aqueous control group; three mineral oil control groups, at 10, 15 or 20%; two aqueous fungal suspensions of M. anisopliae s.l. or B. bassiana; and three formulations of M. anisopliae (s.l.) or B. bassiana containing 10, 15, and 20% mineral oil. To prepare aqueous suspensions and oily formulations, fungal isolates were cultivated on rice grains in polypropylene bags. The conidial suspensions and formulations had a concentration of 10(8)conidia/mL. Bioassays were repeated twice. After treatment, the following biological parameters of engorged females were evaluated: hatching percentage, egg production index, nutritional index, and percentage of tick control. The following parameters were evaluated in the bioassays with eggs: period of incubation, period of hatch, and hatching percentage. Mortality was evaluated in bioassays with larvae. M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana oil-based formulations were more effective than aqueous suspensions against R. microplus eggs, larvae and engorged females, however, there was no significant difference between the three oil concentrations used. M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana formulated in mineral oil reached 93.69% and 21.67% efficacy, respectively, while M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana aqueous suspensions attained 18.70% and 1.72% efficacy, respectively. M. anisopliae s.l. oil-based formulations caused significant effects in all biological parameters of engorged females while B. bassiana oil-based formulations modified significantly the nutritional index only. Eggs treated with M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana oil-based formulations showed hatching rates that decreased 102.5 and 3.65 times, respectively. In the bioassay with larvae, M. anisopliae s.l. oil-based formulations caused nearly 100% mortality five days after treatment, while larva treated with B. bassiana oil-based formulations reached 100% mortality at day 20 after treatment. Larva from oil-based control groups showed mortality at day 15 after treatment, which indicated a possible toxic effect of the oil for this R. microplus stage. The results showed that the fungal mineral oil formulations tested were more effective than the aqueous suspension. Oil-based formulations at 10, 15 and 20% enhanced the activity of M. anisopliae s.l. Ma 959, and B. bassiana Bb 986, isolates against R. microplus eggs, larvae, and engorged females tick. Mineral oil was effective as an adjuvant in formulations of M. anisopliae s.l., Ma 959, and B. bassiana, Bb 986, for the control of R. microplus under laboratory conditions. 相似文献