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鹅肥肝形成机理的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
超饲养富含碳水化合物日粮使肝脏中新生甘油三酯(TG)异常沉积是鹅肥肝形成的主要原因；除TG和磷脂(PL)等脂类的代谢及脂蛋白模式外、胰腺激素对脂肪代谢关键酶的调控作用、肝细胞膜的合成能力和日粮中的胆碱可能与鹅肥肝生产性能密切相关；对鹅肥肝形成过程脂肪的代谢和沉积规律及影响因素的研究仍存在一些未知领域。本文对近年来相关的研究作一综述。 相似文献
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日粮胆碱对鹅肥肝形成的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
鹅肥肝营养丰富,质地细嫩,口味鲜美,香味独特,能促进食欲,预防心血管疾病,具有很高的经济价值,在国际和国内市场备受消费者青睐。目前,对鹅肥肝的研究主要停留在生产技术上,对其形成机制及影响因素的研究还很缺乏。胆碱是B族维生素的主要成员之一,日粮中添加胆碱可以促进禽类生长,防止脂肪沉积和脂肪肝,改善胴体品质。在强制填饲生产鹅肥肝时,日粮中的胆碱远不能满足机体的需要,从而诱导鹅肥肝的形成。本文从胆碱代谢、细胞膜构成、脂蛋白转运等方面阐述了日粮中胆碱缺乏可能对鹅肥肝形成的影响,以期为在生产中提高鹅肥肝的质量和产量提供帮助。 相似文献
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日粮中添加枸杞粉对蛋鸡生产性能和血清脂类代谢指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取40只56周龄生产性能相近的新罗曼商品代蛋鸡,采用单因素完全随机分组试验设计,研究日粮中添加不同水平的枸杞对蛋鸡生产性能及脂类代谢的影响。结果表明,在基础日粮基础上添加2%、3%的枸杞粉后试验鸡的料蛋比显著降低20.36%和13.21%(P<0.05),平均日产蛋量显著提高18.20%和8.66%(P<0.05)。添加枸杞粉能显著降低血清中的总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL)含量(P<0.05),但对血清甘油三脂(TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)含量影响不明显(P>0.05)。由此可见,日粮中添加枸杞能够提高蛋鸡的生产性能,并能有效调节鸡的脂类代谢状况。 相似文献
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为探讨不同蛋白质水平配合日粮对育成早期梅花鹿消化代谢的影响,选择4只9月龄雄性梅花鹿,按4×4拉丁方设计,进行消化代谢试验。结果表明,不同蛋白质水平配合日粮(蛋白质水平分别为10.27%、14.26%、15.61%、18.60%)对梅花鹿体重及日增重、干物质采食量及消化率、蛋白质采食量、沉积量、可消化蛋白质量、蛋白质消化率及代谢率、钙磷采食量及消化率、血液总蛋白及白蛋白浓度差异不显著(P>0.05);对血清尿素氮浓度具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。当配合日粮蛋白质水平为15.61%时,蛋白质代谢率为30.64%。蛋白质沉积量y1与蛋白质采食量x1呈正相关,二者之间的回归方程为:y1=0.394x1-27.568,R2=0.882 8,n=8(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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文章旨在研究不同日粮类型(玉米、小麦和高粱)对1～14 d肉仔鸡常量和微量元素沉积的影响。试验选择健康、体重一致的1日龄AA肉鸡540只,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。试验设计3种日粮,分别以玉米、小麦或高粱原料为主,3组日粮的代谢能、粗蛋白质和必需氨基酸水平维持一致,试验共进行14 d。结果表明:除了钙的含量例外,玉米、小麦或高粱型日粮其他矿物质元素的含量表现一致(P> 0.05)。14 d肉鸡各元素沉积系数的变化由0.24(镁)到0.64(钠),其中钠沉积系数在第3天最高(P <0.05);肉鸡日粮对各常量元素的影响表现为显著差异(P <0.05);3～7 d常量元素沉积系数显著降低(P <0.05);日粮类型显著影响3 d肉鸡钙的沉积系数,显著影响5 d肉鸡镁的沉积系数及磷的沉积系数(除了14 d)和钠的沉积系数(除了3 d)(P <0.05);小麦型日粮较玉米和高粱型日粮显著降低了钠的沉积系数(P <0.05);日粮类型和日粮对常量元素沉积系数的影响无显著交互作用(P> 0.05)。;肉鸡日粮对所有微量元素具有显著影响,其中在第3天表现为最高(P <0.05);日粮类型显著影响第7天铁、锌和锰的沉积系数(P <0.05),显著影响第9天铜的沉积系数(P <0.05);日粮类型和肉鸡日粮对微量元素的影响无显著交互作用(P> 0.05)。结论 :肉仔鸡对日粮无机矿物质的利用率较低,日龄对矿物元素的沉积量具有显著影响,但玉米、小麦或高粱型日粮对肉仔鸡常量和微量元素沉积量无显著影响。 相似文献
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文章旨在探讨添加精氨酸和谷氨酰胺及其相互作用对肉兔生长性能、胴体化学成分、氮和能量体平衡的影响。试验选择1200只肉兔,从25~55d进行2个连续的育肥期试验,研究其生长性能、胴体成分及代谢相关指标。试验基础日粮氮含量为29.8g/kg、中性洗涤纤维为315g/kg,日粮氨基酸含量满足生长兔的营养需要。另外试验设计3个处理组,处理1组在基础日粮中添加5g/kg精氨酸,处理2组在基础日粮中添加5g/kg谷氨酰胺,处理3组在基础日粮中添加5g/kg精氨酸+5g/kg谷氨酰胺。整个试验期间肉兔未发生肠道疾病,饲喂谷氨酰胺日粮的肉兔试验期间死亡率最低(P<0.05),但在整个育肥期间添加精氨酸和谷氨酰胺对死亡率无显著影响(P>0.05)。日粮添加精氨酸使总氮和可消化氮的摄入量分别提高了10%和8%(P<0.05),但不影响氮和能量的沉积(P>0.05),可消化氮和可消化能量的沉积率分别降低了8%和7%(P<0.05),导致尿氮排泄量和能量损失显著提高(P<0.05)。因此,在断奶后肉兔日粮添加0.5%的谷氨酰胺可降低肥育期死亡率,添加0.5%精氨酸降低了氮和能量沉积效率,谷氨酰胺和精氨酸对肉兔生长及代谢无显著相互作用。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究高脂饲粮中添加紫苏醇对黄羽肉仔鸡生长性能、腹脂沉积、肝脏脂质代谢及屠宰性能的影响。选取1日龄肉仔鸡45只,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复5只鸡。3组分别饲喂基础饲粮、高脂饲粮以及添加1 g/kg紫苏醇的高脂饲粮。预试期7 d,正式试验期15 d。结果显示,与高脂饲粮组相比,添加紫苏醇对肉仔鸡末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比及肠道长度无显著影响（P>0.05）;紫苏醇显著降低了肉仔鸡的腹脂率（P<0.05）,使脂肪细胞变小;紫苏醇显著降低了肝脏中甘油三酯（TG）和胆固醇（TC）含量（P<0.05）,提高了血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）含量（P<0.05）,降低了血清TG、TC和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）含量（P<0.05）;紫苏醇提高了肝脏脂质代谢相关基因过氧化物酶增殖激活受体α (Pparα)、肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1 (Cpt1)和载脂蛋白A1 (Apoa1)的相对表达量,降低了载脂蛋白B (Apob)基因的相对表达量（P<0.05）;紫苏醇显著提高了肉仔鸡的屠宰率、胸肌率和瘦肉率,降低了皮下脂肪厚度和肌间脂肪宽度（P... 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮中胆碱添加水平对3~5月龄獭兔肝脏脂肪代谢的影响。选用200只体重相近的3月龄獭兔,随机分成5组(每组40个重复,每个重复1只),分别饲喂在基础饲粮基础上添加0(对照)、200、400、600和800 mg/kg的50%氯化胆碱(折算为胆碱的添加水平后分别为0、87、174、261和348 mg/kg)的试验饲粮,试验饲粮实测胆碱水平分别为812、902、993、1 086和1 170 mg/kg。预试期7 d,正试期53 d。结果表明:饲粮中胆碱添加水平显著影响肝脏中单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的含量(P0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加87、174、261和348 mg/kg的胆碱显著增加血清中类胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)和瘦素(LEP)的含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加174和261 mg/kg的胆碱显著增加血清中生长激素(GH)的含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加261和348 mg/kg的胆碱显著增加血清中脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)的活性和极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)的含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加261 mg/kg的胆碱显著提高肝脏中肉碱棕榈酸转移酶1(CPT1)m RNA的表达水平(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加261 mg/kg的胆碱(饲粮实测胆碱水平为1 086 mg/kg)改变了獭兔肝脏中脂肪酸组成,促进了肝脏中脂肪酸氧化关键基因CPT1的表达,同时加强了肝脏中甘油三酯(TG)的输出过程。 相似文献
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1. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid) inclusion in the diet on the performance, liver function and lipid metabolism in the liver of laying Brown Tsaiya ducks. 2. Sixty 36-week-old laying ducks were selected and allocated at random into 4 dietary treatments with 3 replications for each treatment. Feeding was for 7 weeks with 3 weeks of experimental diets followed by a 4 week withdrawal period. The experimental diets were supplemented with 0, 50, 100 and 300 mg/kg roxarsone, respectively 3. Dietary inclusion of 50 or 100 mg/kg roxarsone did not significantly promote performance. Inclusion of 300 mg/kg significantly depressed (P<0.05) performance, liver weight and content, serum triacylglycerol (TG), serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and increased (P<0.05) cholesterol, creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the serum at the end of 3 weeks on the experimental diet. 4. Laying characteristics returned to normal 4 weeks after withdrawal of roxarsone. The liver weight, fat and TG in the liver and serum concentrations of TG, NEFA, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and AST increased significantly (P<0.05), while the level of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) decreased (P<0.05) at the end of the withdrawal period. More prominent vacuolised hepatic fatty cells were observed in laying ducks treated with 300 mg/kg of roxarsone. 相似文献
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为探讨日粮蛋白质水平对乌金猪肝脏组织脂类代谢相关基因表达的影响,试验选取体重约15 kg的乌金猪54头,随机分为3组,每组18头,为低、中和高蛋白质组,其在15～30、30～60及60～100 kg生长阶段的蛋白质水平分别为14%、12%、10%,16%、14%、12%和18%、16%、14%。猪在体重为30、60和100 kg时屠宰,取其肝脏组织,Real-time PCR定量检测脂类代谢相关基因的表达水平。结果显示,在30、60和100 kg时,乌金猪肝脏组织中ACC、FAS、SREBP-1C基因的表达水平均随着蛋白质水平的升高而降低;CPT-Ⅰ和PPARα基因的表达水平则随着蛋白质水平的升高而升高。由此表明,日粮高蛋白质水平显著降低肝脏脂肪酸合成代谢基因(ACC、FAS和SREBP-1C)的表达(P<0.05),提高脂肪酸分解代谢基因(CPT-Ⅰ和PPARα)的表达水平(P<0.05);脂肪酸合成减少,且被氧化的量增加,两者共同作用导致用于合成甘油三酯(TG)的脂肪酸含量降低,从而减少了从肝脏组织被运输到各个组织的TG含量,使机体沉积TG的能力降低。 相似文献
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The incorporation and elimination rate of dietary PUFA in pork fat was investigated in this study. Experiment 1 examined the incorporation of dietary PUFA into backfat (BF) and into the triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid (PL) fractions of the i.m. fat of the loin. Experiment 2 examined the elimination of PUFA from BF due to withdrawal of PUFA from the diet. In Exp. 1, Piétrain x Seghers Hybrid pigs (70 barrows and 70 gilts averaging 11 wk of age and 30 kg initially) were assigned to five dietary treatments in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement during a 16-wk feeding period. Pigs received a diet containing about 2.5% tallow (T) for 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 wk, followed by a diet containing about 15% full-fat soybeans (FFS) for 8, 6, 4, 2, or 0 wk, respectively. Additionally, BF biopsies were taken every 2 wk from eight pigs on the 8-wk FFS dietary treatment, starting from the time pigs were switched to the FFS diet. Linoleic acid [18:2(n-6)], linolenic acid [18:3(n-3)], eicosadienoic acid [20:2(n-6)], arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)], and PUFA contents in BF increased (P < .01) with time on the FFS diet, but contents of these fatty acids were similar for pigs fed FFS for 6 or 8 wk. The PUFA content of the biopsies rose throughout the FFS treatment; the greatest increase in PUFA occurred during the first 2 wk of feeding FFS. The PUFA content of the TG and PL fractions in i.m. fat of the longissimus muscle tended to increase with time on the FFS diet. The increase was significant (P < .01) in the TG fraction for 18:3(n-3) and in the PL fraction for 20:4(n-6) and 22:6(n-3). In Exp. 2, 11-wk-old pigs (10 barrows and 10 gilts) were fed a FFS-based diet from 11 to 19 wk of age, followed by the T-diet for an additional 8 wk. During the latter period, biopsies were taken every 2 wk. The elimination of PUFA from BF was greatest during the first 2 wk after the dietary change. The PUFA reached the lowest level at the age of 25 wk. These experiments show that the PUFA: saturated fatty acid ratio of BF can be increased from .34, corresponding with a T-based diet, to .55, by feeding a FFS diet for 6 wk before slaughter. 相似文献
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K. Eder 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2000,83(3):132-140
Until now, there has been no clear knowledge about the effect of dietary carnitine supplementation on lipid metabolism. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of a dietary l -carnitine supplementation (500 mg/kg) onx the lipid metabolism of adult rats. Rats fed a hyperlipidaemic basal diet containing 15% lard and 1% cholesterol were used as an animal model. The feeding period was 6 weeks. As parameters of lipid metabolism, the concentrations of individual lipids in plasma, lipoproteins and liver and the fatty acid composition of liver and erythrocyte total lipids were determined. There were no significant differences between the control group and the group receiving the diet supplemented with carnitine on parameters of animal performance (daily body weight gains and feed conversion ratio). As expected, plasma, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and liver exhibited high concentrations of cholesterol. Concentrations of triglycerides and phospholipids in plasma and individual lipoproteins as well as the concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids in the liver were not significantly altered by dietary carnitine supplementation. The concentration of cholesterol in plasma and liver was increased by dietary carnitine. The fatty acid composition of liver and erythrocyte total lipids was not influenced by dietary carnitine supplementation. In conclusion, this study does not indicate a lipid-lowering effect of dietary carnitine supplementation in hyperlipidaemic rats. Probably, the essential functions of carnitine in metabolism were realized by carnitine which was synthesized endogenously. 相似文献
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Xiaojiao Xu Xiaoling Chen Zhiqing Huang Daiwen Chen Bing Yu Hong Chen Jun He Yuheng Luo Ping Zheng Jie Yu Junqiu Luo 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(5):1512-1520
Apple polyphenols (APPs) are biologically active flavonoids that have antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, improving insulin sensitivity, hypocholesterolaemic effect and antiviral properties. This study was conducted to explore effects of dietary APPs supplementation on antioxidant activities and lipid metabolism in weaned piglets. Fifty‐four weaned piglets (half male and female) were randomly divided into three groups with six replicates in each group and three piglets in each repetition. Piglets were fed control diet (basal diet) or a control diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg or 800 mg/kg APPs for 6 weeks. Blood and liver samples were collected to determine biochemical, antioxidant and lipid metabolism parameters. Here we showed that dietary APPs supplementation increased HDL‐C and decreased T‐CHO, TG and LDL‐C concentrations. Dietary APPs supplementation increased antioxidative capacity in serum and CAT activity in liver, and significantly increased the mRNA expressions of CAT, GST and SOD1 in liver. ACC mRNA level and LPL activity were tended to decrease by APPs. HMG‐CoAR, CTP7A1, CD36 and FATP1 mRNA levels were decreased by APPs, while LDL‐R, PGC‐1α, Sirt1 and CPT1b mRNA levels were increased by 400 mg/kg APPs. No alterations in growth performance were found in all treatments. This study firstly provided the evidence that dietary APPs supplementation could enhance systemic antioxidant capacity and improve lipid metabolism in weaned piglets. The mechanism by which APPs improve lipid metabolism might be through regulating hepatic cholesterol metabolism and increasing fatty acid oxidation, and decreasing fatty acid uptake and de novo synthesis. 相似文献
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Forty Large White pigs were fed from 30 kg to 103 kg body mass on diets supplemented with 6% of pure high-oleic sunflower oil (HO) or HO plus increasing amounts of partially hydrogenated rape seed oil (HR; 1.85%, 3.70%, 5.55%), containing high levels of delta 6 to delta 11 C 18:1 trans fatty acid isomers. Increasing dietary C 18: trans fatty acids resulted in a linear increase in C 18:1 trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 CLA) in backfat (BF) as well as in neutral lipids (NL) and phospholipids (PL) of M. long. dorsi. Thus, the rate of bioconversion of trans vaccenic acid (TVA) into CLA and incorporation of C 18:1 trans and CLA into pig adipose tissue was not limited up to 25 g total C 18:1 trans fatty acids including 3.3 g of TVA per kg feed. BF was higher in C 18:1 trans fatty acids and CLA than M. long. dorsi NL and PL. In BF and NL the sum of saturated fatty acids (SFA) increased with increasing dietary amounts of HR, while in PL SFA were reduced. Thus, according to their physical properties, C 18:1 trans fatty acids partly replaced SFA in PL. Firmness of backfat was also significantly increased (P < 0.05) with increasing amounts of HR in feed. 相似文献
18.
选用300日龄健康海蓝褐蛋鸡90羽,随机分为对照组、病理组、防治组3组（每组3个重复,每个重复10只）,分别饲喂正常日粮（代谢能11.30MJ/kg,粗蛋白质17.00%）、高能量低蛋白质日粮（代谢能12.81MJ/kg,粗蛋白质12.90%）和添加0.3mg/kg生物素的高能量低蛋白质日粮,试验期60d,分别于试验的1,30,60d,每组选取体质量相近的试验蛋鸡6羽,采血制备血清和采集肝脏样品及腹脂,测定血脂含量、肝脂率和腹脂率,观察其病理学变化。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验30,60d,高能量低蛋白质日粮组鸡产蛋性能、HDL-C含量显著降低,TG、TC、LDL-C、ALT、AST、肝脂率和腹脂率显著升高,肝脂肪变性明显。试验30d,与对照组比较,防治组鸡产蛋性能、HDL-C、TG、TC、LDL-C、ALT、AST、肝脂率和腹脂率差异不显著,肝脏脂肪变性不明显;与高能量低蛋白质日粮组比较,防治组鸡产蛋性能、HDL-C含量显著升高,TG、TC、LDL-C、ALT、AST、肝脂率和腹脂率显著降低。60d时,与对照组相比,防治组鸡产蛋性能、HDL-C显著降低,TG、TC、LDL-C、ALT、AST、肝脂率和腹脂率显著升高,肝脏呈现一定的脂肪变性;与高能量低蛋白质日粮组比较,防治组鸡产蛋性能、HDL-C含量显著升高,TG、TC、LDL-C、ALT、AST、肝脂率和腹脂率显著降低。结果提示,采用高能低蛋白日粮饲喂蛋鸡可以成功的建立蛋鸡脂肪肝出血征病理模型;在高能量低蛋白质日粮中添加0.3mg/kg生物素后,可显著影响蛋鸡的脂肪肝出血征蛋鸡脂类代谢,一定程度上对其具有预防作用。 相似文献
19.
Sato H Mohamed T Goto A Oikawa S Kurosawa T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(1):85-87
To elucidate possible relationships between triglyceride (TG) levels and fatty acid composition in bovine liver, hepatic TG and seven individual fatty acids were measured in 23 Holstein dairy cows, of them 6 are healthy. Liver TG level was greater than 3 % in 12 cows which were ruled fatty liver. Palmitic and oleic acid proportions were significantly higher in fatty liver cows than in the healthy cows, while stearic acid was lower in fatty liver cows. With increased liver TG, stearic acid proportions decreased dramatically. Results indicate that hepatic lipidosis markedly alters the proportions of the various fatty acids in the liver of dairy cows. 相似文献
20.
Shibani M Schlegel G Most E Schwarz FJ Ringseis R Eder K 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(3):527-534
This study was performed to assess the effects of rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on hepatic lipid metabolism in heifers. In particular, it was of interest whether feeding CLA causes development of fatty liver as observed recently in mice. Thirty-six growing heifers with an initial body weight of 185 kg were allotted to three treatment groups and fed daily 250 g of different rumen-protected fats for 16 weeks: The control group received 250 g of a CLA-free control fat, the CLA100 group received 100 g of a CLA fat containing 2.4% of cis-9, trans-11 CLA and 2.1% of trans-10, cis-12 CLA and 150 g control fat and the CLA250 group received 250 g of the CLA fat. CLA supplementation had no effect on animal performance parameters, liver weight and hepatic triglyceride concentration. Moreover, mRNA expression of hepatic genes involved in lipogenesis, β-oxidation and fatty acid transport was not influenced by dietary CLA. The fatty acid composition of hepatic total lipids, with particular consideration of ratios of fatty acids indicative of Δ9-, Δ6- and Δ5-desaturation, was also less influenced by dietary CLA. In conclusion, the study shows that dietary rumen-protected CLA has less effect on hepatic lipid metabolism in young heifers and does not induce the development of a fatty liver such as in mice. 相似文献