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1.
大肠杆菌耐药株的体外诱导及其acrA和marA基因分析 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
为检测大肠杆菌在某抗菌素的环境压力下耐药性的变化及其与acrA和marA基因突变的关系.分别用四环素、氯霉素和环丙沙星对大肠杆菌质控株ATCC25922进行体外诱导培养,测定诱导前后多种抗菌药的MIC的变化;对各菌株的acrA和marA基因进行克隆和测定.四环素诱导株产生重耐药,氯霉素和环丙沙星的诱导引起单药耐药;四环素诱导株、氯霉素诱导株和环丙沙星诱导株的acrA和marA基因序列均与ATCC25922的一致.四环素、氯霉素和环丙沙星的诱导培养并未引起ATCC25922的acrA和marA基因突变,诱导引起的大肠杆菌耐药性变化是由于其acrA和marA基因突变以外的其他原因所致. 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2019,(11)
为检测北京市某动物医院1例宠物犬顽固性腹泻的原因,通过采集肛门拭子进行细菌分离鉴定试验,分离出1株大肠杆菌,命名为37-Canine株。通过细菌形态学观察、生化鉴定、16S rDNA序列分析、大肠杆菌荧光PCR致泻型检测等方法对该病原菌进行分析,并采用K-B药敏纸片法及耐药基因PCR检测测定其耐药情况。结果表明:37-Canine株经PCR电泳试验,16S rDNA测序分析,与GenBank中大肠杆菌参考株16S rDNA基因序列的同源性达到99%,进化树显示与AP018488.1参考株被划为一支;经大肠杆菌致泻型荧光PCR检测为EIEC-EPEC-EHEC的杂合型菌株,具有致泻性;对临床常用药物头孢曲松钠、头孢噻肟、诺氟沙星3种药物敏感,对多黏菌素B、庆大霉素2种药物中度敏感,对阿莫西林、磺胺嘧啶、氨苄西林3种药物耐药;经耐药基因PCR检测显示,37-Canine株携带氨基糖苷类、四环素类、氯霉素类耐药基因,出现多重耐药。本试验为临床宠物犬顽固性腹泻病例合理使用抗生素及犬源大肠杆菌的防治提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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51株沙门氏菌的耐药性分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过对厦门市畜禽产品中分离的51株沙门氏菌临床分离株开展的24种药物敏感试验,发现沙门氏菌耐药性越来越强。同时进行了51株分离株对四环素、链霉素、氨苄青霉素、氯霉素和磺胺等5种抗菌药物的耐药性试验,结果前4种抗生素MIC超过16μg/mL的菌株依次为35株(68.6%,35/51)、37株(72.55%,37/51)、16株(31.37%,16/51)和36株(70.59%,36/51),对磺胺MIC超过1 600μg/mL的菌株达51株(100%,51/51)。结果提示控制抗生素盲目使用刻不容缓。 相似文献
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动物大肠杆菌耐药性的变化趋势 总被引：51，自引：0，他引：51
本试验对50年代至90年代初分离保存的50株大肠杆菌进行了药物敏感性测定。结果表明，随着时间的推移，菌株对15种抗菌药物的耐性呈现不同程度的上升趋势，50年代的大肠杆菌分离株对15种抗菌药物均敏感，60年代的分离株对链霉素、四环素产生耐药，70年代对氨苄西林、氯霉素、磺胺甲基异唑、四环素、链霉素、甲氧苄胺嘧啶6种抗生素产生耐药，80年代至90年代初对阿莫西林／奥格门丁、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、萘啶酸、头孢噻吩、氨苄西林、氯霉素、磺胺甲基异唑、四环素、链霉素、甲氧苄胺嘧啶11种抗生素产生耐药，菌株的多重耐药性呈上升趋势。 相似文献
5.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(18)
为了检测生鲜牛乳中病原菌种类及其对药物的敏感程度,从郑州市附近奶牛场采集5个生鲜牛乳样本,通过细菌形态、培养特性、生化试验进行鉴定,采用微量液体二倍稀释法测定了24种临床常用抗菌药物对临床分离菌的抗菌活性。结果表明:5个牛奶样本分离出了赫尔曼埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、耶尔森菌及屎肠球菌,这些细菌仅对氟喹诺酮类(盐酸环丙沙星和恩诺沙星)、氯霉素类(氯霉素和氟苯尼考)敏感,盐酸环丙沙星的最小抑菌浓度(MIC值)低至0.5μg/m L。说明这些分离菌交叉耐药和多重耐药情况较严重,不仅对β-内酰胺类药物存在耐药性,而且对其他抗菌药物(如氨基糖苷类、四环素类、大环内酯类)存在多重耐药的情况。 相似文献
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从鲫鱼肠道中分离出1株细菌,暂时编号为SR-1,进行细菌形态学观察、理化特征、16S rDNA序列分析及药敏试验等研究,结果表明SR-1菌株为山梨醇发酵阳性的温和气单胞菌;PCR扩增SR-1菌株的16S rDNA序列为1509 bp;BLAST比对分析结果表明SR-1菌株与温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)亲缘关系最近,序列同源性为99.87%～100%;药敏试验结果显示SR-1菌株对阿奇霉素、氯霉素、四环素、诺氟沙星、头孢噻肟、头孢克肟等药物敏感。 相似文献
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为了了解内蒙古地区腹泻犊牛中大肠杆菌的污染状况、耐药情况及蒲公英水煎液对多重耐药大肠杆菌耐药性的消除作用。本试验采用革兰染色、生化试验和PCR方法对采集到的107份犊牛源病料进行大肠杆菌的分离和鉴定,采用K-B法检测分离菌株对18种抗菌药物的敏感性,采用PCR方法进行8种耐药基因的检测,采用琼脂稀释法测定蒲公英水煎液对分离菌株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),通过将菌株与蒲公英水煎液作用后进行耐药消除试验。结果显示,从107份病料中分离鉴定出44株犊牛源大肠杆菌,分离率为41%;大肠杆菌分离株对氨苄西林、头孢噻吩、头孢噻肟、环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星5种抗菌药物的耐药率均达到50%以上;β-内酰胺类耐药基因中blaCTX-M基因携带率为86%,喹诺酮类耐药基因中qnr(S)基因携带率为32%;蒲公英水煎液对筛选出的耐药菌株的MIC为200 mg/mL;经蒲公英水煎液处理后的大肠杆菌对抗菌药物的敏感性增强,而且更不容易出现耐药。结果表明,内蒙古地区腹泻犊牛中大肠杆菌的耐药情况严重,而蒲公英水煎液对大肠杆菌的多重耐药有一定的消除作用,可降低临床应用抗菌药物的耐药性,增加临床疗效,本... 相似文献
11.
Lukásová J Abraham B Cupáková S 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2004,51(2):77-81
The study was carried out to investigate the incidence of Escherichia coli O157 in raw materials, foodstuffs and the agricultural environment. Of a total of 987 samples examined, 22 strains (2.2%) were identified as E. coli O157 and 10 of them as E. coli O157:H7. Cefixime-Tellurite MacConkey sorbitol agar (CT-SMAC) agar and Biosynth culture medium (BCM) E. coli O157:7 medium were used for the isolation. The virulence factors (stx1, stx2, eae, and ehxA genes) were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Most strains were isolated from the mechanically deboned poultry meat (nine), minced meat (six) and raw milk (four). One strain was isolated from beef carcass and two strains from waste water. No strains were were found in mass for sausages, refreshment salads, swabs of pork and poultry carcasses and faeces of cattle and pigs. Ten strains from the 22 identified proved to be positive for all factors of virulence. They were isolated from minced meat (four), raw milk (four), waste water (one) and swab from beef carcass (one). Sensitivity to the antimicrobial drugs ampicillin (AMS), ampicillin-sublactam (SAM), tetracycline (TET), ofloxacine (OFL), cefuroxime (CRX), chloramphenicol (CPM), gentamicine (GEN), colistin (COL), cephalozine (CLZ), cefoxitin (CXT), aztreonam (AZT), and sulphamethoxazole + trimethoprim (COT) was tested using the standard dilution technique and disc diffusion test. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) characteristics (MIC(50), MIC(90), MIC range) and inhibitory zone diameter were determined for each strain. As determined by MICs, the resistance to tested antibiotics in E. coli O157 isolates was found to AMS (90.9%), CLZ (81.8%), CRX (63.6%), CXT (72.7%), CPM (72.7%), TET (81.8%), SAM (59.1%), COT (9.1%), COL (63.61%), AZT (9%) and GEN (4.5%). The similar results were obtained using the disc diffusion method. The differences were found relating to SAM, CXT, CMO and TET. Resistance against one or more antibiotics was found in 95.4% of E. coli O157. Only one strain was susceptible to all tested antibiotics. Most of the strains were resistant to ampicillin and cephalozine. Eight different resistance phenotypes were demonstrated in E. coli O157. 相似文献
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marA has been shown to mediate a multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) phenotype following induction in some members of the Enterobacteriaceae. When Salmonella Choleraesuis was exposed to inducing agents they displayed higher minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) to multiple antimicrobial agents and an increase in marA expression as determined by northern hybridization analysis. The objective of the present study was to determine if mutation of marA vitiated multiple antimicrobial resistance inducibility in S. Choleraesuis. A loss-of-function mutation of marA in a single S. Choleraesuis isolate was created by insertion of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene cassette within marA using double homologous recombination. This mutation was complemented with an expression plasmid possessing marA under the control of an IPTG-inducible promoter. Mutation and complementation of marA was verified using polymerase chain reaction, Northern hybridization, and Western blotting assays. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of tetracycline, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, and rifampin were determined against induced and uninduced wildtype, marA-disrupted and marA-complemented strains using a microbroth dilution assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations against induced wildtype and marA-complemented strains increased four- to eight-fold for all antimicrobials tested when compared to the uninduced strains while the MICs of the induced marA-disrupted mutant remained the same. However, this increase was abrogated when the cells were grown in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitor compound EPI phe-arg-naphthylamide. The results indicate that a functional marA is solely required for an inducible multiple antimicrobial resistance phenotype in S. Choleraesuis. 相似文献
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Schlegelová J Babák V Klímová E Lukásová J Navrátilová P Sustácková A Sedivá I Rysánek D 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2002,49(5):216-225
The prevalence of strains of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative (CN) staphylococci, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium and Bacillus cereus, was investigated in 111 bulk milk samples. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 38 samples, CN staphylococci from 63 samples, E. coli from 49 samples, E. faecalis or E. faecium from 107 samples, and L. monocytogenes from two samples. Bacillus cereus was not found in any of the samples and three samples were free of any of the selected species. Sensitivity to the anti-microbial drugs amikacin, ampicillin, ampicillin + sulbactam, cephalothin (CLT), cephotaxime, clindamycin, chloramphenicol (CMP), co-trimoxazole, erythromycin (ERY), gentamicin, neomycin, norfloxacin, oxacillin, penicillin, streptomycin (STR), tetracycline (TTC) and vancomycin was tested using the standard dilution technique. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) characteristics (MIC50, MIC90, MIC range) were determined for each microbial species. Resistance against one or more anti-microbial drugs was found in 93% of S. aureus, 40% of CN staphylococci, 73% of E. coli, 88% of E.faecalis, 55% of E.faecium, and one L. monocytogenes strain. Most of the strains, particularly enterococci, were resistant to STR, TTC, and ERY (MIC50 4 microg/ml). A high percentage of staphylococci were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. High resistance to CLT was found in 11 strains of E. coli (MIC 256 microg/ml) and strains resistant to CMP (MIC90 16 microg/ml) were detected. The highest numbers of resistance phenotypes were found in E. coil (16) and CN staphylococci (12). Eighteen identical resistance phenotypes were demonstrated in indicator bacteria (E. coli, E. faecalis, E. faecium) and pathogens (S. aureus, CN staphylococci) isolated from the same bulk milk sample. The obtained resistance data were matched against the herd owners' information on therapeutic use of the drugs. This confrontation could not explain the findings of strains resistant to ERY or CMP. Our findings are evidence of selection of resistant strains among not only pathogenic agents, but also among indicator bacteria which can become significant carriers of transmissible resistance genes. 相似文献
14.
Minimum inhibitory concentration determinations for various antimicrobial agents against 1570 bacterial isolates from turkey poults 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for 1570 bacteria from eight geographic locations (1204 Escherichia coli, 231 other enteric gram-negative bacilli [including Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., and Salmonella spp.], 31 Pseudomonas spp., 18 coagulase-positive staphylococci, 26 coagulase-negative staphylococci, and 55 streptococci and enterococci) by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth microdilution procedure. Antimicrobial agents tested included ampicillin, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, neomycin, spectinomycin, sulfamethazine, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfadiazine. Against the E. coli strains tested, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim/sulfadiazine were the most active compounds with MIC at which 50% of the strains are at or below (MIC50) = 0.5, < or = 0.03, 0.5, and 0.13 microg/ml, respectively, and MIC at which 90% of the strains are at or below (MIC90) = 1.0, 0.13, 32.0, and 2.0 microg/ml, respectively. Ampicillin, florfenicol, neomycin, and spectinomycin were the next most active compounds against the E. coli strains, with MIC50 = 4.0, 4.0, 16.0, and 16.0 microg/ml, respectively. MIC90 values for these compounds against E. coli strains were > 32.0, 8.0, 512.0, and > 128.0 microg/ml, respectively. The remaining compounds exhibited limited, strain-dependent activity against the E. coli strains tested. As with the E. coli, enrofloxacin, ceftiofur, and trimethoprim/sulfadiazine were also the most active compounds against the 231 other enteric organisms tested, with MIC50 < or = 1.0 microg/ml for all of these genera. The remaining compounds exhibited limited activity against these genera. Against the gram-positive cocci tested, ampicillin, enrofloxacin, ceftiofur, and trimethoprim/sulfadiazine were most active, whereas the remaining compounds exhibited strain-dependent activity. When MIC data for E. coli were summarized separately, differences were observed between the geographic locations for the various antimicrobial agents. In conclusion, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfadiazine were the most active of the compounds tested against all of the bacterial strains. 相似文献
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Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. are frequent causes of diarrhoea in humans worldwide mostly originating from poultry. It has been suggested that extensive veterinary use of antibiotics is largely responsible for resistance in human isolates. During a 4-month period from January to April 2004, 192 Campylobacter spp. were isolated from fecal samples of 485 healthy food animals. The in vitro susceptibility to 12 antibiotics was determined by the agar disk diffusion method. Among the 192 Campylobacter spp. isolated, 135 (70.3%) were identified to be C. jejuni, 51 (26.6%) were C. coli and 6 (3.1%) were C. lari. C. jejuni was the most prevalent species in chickens (80.8%) versus 16.2% C. coli and 3.0% C. lari. All isolates found in pigs were C. coli. All strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin and all were resistant to cephalothin. More than 90% of the strains were sensitive to clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, streptomycin and tetracycline. Resistance was found against ampicillin in 20% and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in 37.5%. Resistance was not statistically different among C. jejuni, C. coli and C. lari (p>0.05). Multidrug resistance to two or more drugs was detected in 14.5% of strains. In conclusion, the study showed that antimicrobial resistance is found only at relatively low frequencies for most antimicrobial agents tested except for ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. The low percentages of resistance to most antimicrobial agents tested in this study may be the result of low/no usage of these agents as a growth promoters or treatment in the Ethiopian animal farm setting. The detection of multidrug resistant isolates may pose a threat to humans and further limits therapeutic options. 相似文献
16.
Chao-Fu Chang Lin-Chu Chang Yung-Fu Chang Michael Chen Tai-Sheng Chiang 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2002,14(2):153-157
Minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) were determined for ampicillin, ceftiofur, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, lincomycin, lincospectin (lincomycin/spectinomycin), neomycin, premafloxacin, spectinomycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and tetracycline against a total of 180 isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella choleraesuis (60 each) clinically isolated from pigs on farms in Taiwan from 1994 to 1996. No more than 3 isolates per farm were used. Ceftiofur had the highest activity in vitro against isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae, E. coli, and S. choleraesuis, with MIC90 values of 0.03, 2, and 1 microg/ml, respectively. Premafloxacin was highly active against isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae, E. coli, and S. choleraesuis, with MIC90 values of 2, 8, and 0.5 microg/ml, respectively, which were lower than those with enrofloxacin (MIC90 8, 32, and 2 microg/ml, respectively). Neomycin was moderately active against A. pleuropneumoniae and E. coli, with MIC90 values of 8 and 64 microg/ml, respectively, but was inactive with S. choleraesuis. Gentamicin showed high activity against A. pleuropneumoniae (MIC90 of 2 microg/ml) but was only moderately active with E. coli and S. choleraesuis (MIC90 of 64 and 32 microg/ml). Cephalothin was highly active against isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae (MIC90 of 1 microg/ml) but was inactive with E. coli (MIC90 of 128 microg/ml). Lincomycin had moderate activity (MIC90 of 32 microg/ml) against A. pleuropneumoniae. Chloramphenicol, lincomycin, and tetracycline were inactive with E. coli and S. choleraesuis (MIC90 > 128 microg/ml). In conclusion, ceftiofur and premafloxacin were highly active against isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae, E. coli, and S. choleraesuis, enrofloxacin and gentamicin were highly to moderately active; cephalothin was highly active against A. pleuropneumoniae and moderately active against S. cholearesuis; chloramphenicol, lincomycin, and tetracycline were active only with A. pleuropneumoniae; neomycin was moderately active against A. pleuropneumoniae and E. coli. The other antimicrobials tested were inactive. 相似文献
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旨在调查2019年湖南省部分地区不同来源的大肠杆菌对抗生素的耐药水平,为养殖合理用药提供参考。从4个市畜禽养殖场采集猪、鸡和鸭粪便285份,使用麦康凯琼脂培养基和伊红美蓝培养基对大肠杆菌筛选,利用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱进行鉴定,采用微量肉汤稀释法检测16种抗生素对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。共分离出203株大肠杆菌(鸡源146株、鸭源20株和猪源37株),对四环素和氨苄西林耐药率最高,分别达到89.2%和84.7%;对头孢他啶、奥格门丁、黏菌素耐药率较低,分别为2.5%、2.0%和0.5%;所有菌株均对美罗培南敏感。抗3种及以上抗生素的菌株数目占比为87.7%,而仅5.42%的菌株对所有检测的抗生素敏感。另外,来源于减抗示范养殖场的大肠杆菌对大部分抗生素的耐药率,与来源于非减抗养殖场大肠杆菌相比未见显著差异。上述结果表明,湖南省动物源大肠杆菌的耐药水平仍处在较高水平,重视兽药使用管理并持续开展对大肠杆菌的耐药性监测十分必要。 相似文献
18.
Orden JA Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria JA García S Cid D De La Fuente R 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2000,47(5):329-335
The in vitro activities of 15 antimicrobial agents against 195 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from dairy calves affected by neonatal diarrhoea were determined. Of these strains 137 produced one or more potential virulence factors (F5, F41, F17, cytotoxic necrotizing factor, verotoxin and the eae gene), but the remaining 58 strains did not produce any of these factors. The overall percentage of resistant strains to streptomycin, tylosin and tetracycline was very high (above 65%). A high level of resistance (from 23 to 50%) to ampicillin, neomycin, kanamycin, spectinomycin, chloramphenicol, sulphadimethoxine and trimethoprim was also detected. The E. coli strains were very susceptible (89-95%) to apramycin and gentamicin and highly susceptible (99-100%) to polymyxin B, florfenicol and nitrofurazone. Some significant differences (P < 0.05) in the frequencies of resistance to some of the antimicrobials tested and in the rates of multi-drug resistance among the strains producing potential virulence factors and non-fimbriated, non-toxigenic, eae-negative strains were found. Most of the strains showed multi-resistance: 76.9% of the isolates were resistant to at least two antibiotics, 67.7% were resistant to at least four antibiotics and 50.3% were resistant to at least six antibiotics. 相似文献
19.
LIU Zheng-ming LI Jin-quan HUANG De-hao HAO Xin-wei HAO Pu-guo WU Li-qin WU Ye-ting YANG Qi-miao ZHAO Hong-xia 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(3):839-846
In order to determine the drug resistance phenotype and prevalence of drug resistance genes in Escherichia coli (E.coli) isolated from sheep in Inner Mongolia, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the isolates to antibiotics commonly used in veterinary clinical were detected by micro-dilution method in vitro. The results showed that the highest resistance rates of the isolates to amoxicillin,cephalothin,sulfamethoxazole and polymyxin were up to 100.0%,respectively.To amoxicillin-clavulanic, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin were 50% to 80%. These isolates were sensitive to cefotaxime, meropenem trihydrate, neomycin, and their resistance rates were all less than 10%. Among the 108 strains of E.coli from sheep, 94.4% of them were resistant to more than 7 antimicrobial agents,15.6% of them were resistant to 13 antimicrobial agents, only one strain was sensitive to all antimicrobial agents. Six kinds of resistance genes among the 108 E.coli isolates were detected by PCR method.The results showed that detection rates of 4 kinds of drug resistance genes including blaTEM, proP-2, sul-Ⅰ and ampG were all over 50%,the detection rate of resistance gene aph (3')-Ⅰ was up to 40%, only resistance gene aac(3)-Ⅱ detection rate was 5.5%. Thus, the sheep E.coli isolates in Inner Mongolia produced various degrees of resistance to 13 kinds of antibiotics, and their multi-drug resistances were very serious. They carried aph(3')-Ⅰ, sul-Ⅰ, ampG, blaTEM, proP-2 and aac(3)-Ⅱ resistance genes. 相似文献