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稻田养蟹是一种高效立体生态农业,是根据水稻生态特征、生物学特性与河蟹的生活特点设计出的一种立体种养模式。稻田水质清新,水温适宜,能促进浮游生物生长,为河蟹提供部分饵料资源;茂盛稻株又为河蟹提供栖息、隐蔽的场所。稻田养蟹具有改土、培肥、减少污染、生产绿色产品等作用。经检测表明,稻蟹双作一年,喂蟹剩余的残饵、河蟹粪便,可增加土壤0．05％～0．26％的有机质含量。 相似文献
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我国立体农业经营的现状与前景 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
根据我国现有各种立体农业模式的立地生态条件、种植或养殖对象以及种植、养殖或种养结合方式的不同，将诸多模式划归为旱土立体经营、稻田立体经营、园林立体经营、种养结合立体经营等４个类别共１２个系列。本文介绍了有关种植业立体经营的主要模式、经营技术及综合效益。同时，综述了立体农业的功效，展望了在市场经济条件下立体农业经营的前景，并对搞好立体农业经营的科研和推广工作提出了意见和建议 相似文献
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生态防治害虫即是利用生态科学杀灭和防治农作物害虫,既能防治害虫和保护害虫的天敌,又有增效并且避免污染环境的作用,是目前无公害农业生产首选的病虫害防止手段,很值得推广. 相似文献
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针对盘锦地区稻田养殖河蟹规格小(50～75g/只)、价格低，影响农民收入的实际问题进行了稻田生态养殖大规格河蟹技术推广。按照稻田工程建设、水稻种植、病害防治等技术路线规范实施。通过3a的养殖技术推广，1040hm^2稻田实行生态养殖，河蟹规格均达90g/只，实现稻蟹双赢。 相似文献
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立体农业又称多熟种植，是地球上一种古老的农耕形式，多分布在非洲、亚洲及南美洲人多地少的不发达国家。由于立体农业增产增收，减缓农村失业和就业不足现象，同时可获得经济、社会和生态三大效益，而成为上述地区小农经济下自给农业的主要经营方式。尽管如此，农业历经数百年沧桑，对这一耕作形式的研究却很少。文献查询表明，只在近２０年对立体农业（或多熟种植）模式类型、在该形式下的作物种间反应、作物与环境间相互作用、多种作物种植的栽培技术等才开始研究。立体农业的理论与实践是人类在农业开发过程中积累的宝贵财富。辽宁省立体农业的发展基本符合世界立体农业发展走向。即起源古老，发展缓慢，近年开发，成果累累。本文就辽宁省１９８６～１９９６年期间立体农业的发展进行了分析。 相似文献
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农业非点源污染研究概况 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对农业非点源污染的研究现状,从农业非点源污染的概念、研究方法、防治措施等三个方面分析农业非点源污染的研究概况,提出农业非点源污染研究中存在的问题,并对未来的研究方法及防治措施进行了展望。 相似文献
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全球变暖是当前亟需解决的环境问题之一。甲烷是仅次于二氧化碳的第二大温室气体,其中稻田甲烷排放约占全球甲烷排放的10%~30%。稻田甲烷的产生与氧化是决定稻田甲烷排放的关键,其过程是在相关微生物参与下完成的,受多种环境条件影响。水分管理直接影响稻田土壤的通气状况,并对土壤微生物活动产生影响,从而直接或间接影响稻田甲烷的产生与排放。本文综述了稻田甲烷产生与排放的微生物学机理,并总结了干湿交替灌溉等常用节水栽培方式对稻田甲烷排放的影响。同时提出未来研究的重点方向。 相似文献
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全球变暖是当前亟需解决的环境问题之一。甲烷是仅次于二氧化碳的第二大温室气体,其中稻田甲烷排放约占全球甲烷排放的10%~30%。稻田甲烷的产生与氧化是决定稻田甲烷排放的关键,其过程是在相关微生物参与下完成的,受多种环境条件影响。水分管理直接影响稻田土壤的通气状况,并对土壤微生物活动产生影响,从而直接或间接影响稻田甲烷的产生与排放。本文综述了稻田甲烷产生与排放的微生物学机理,并总结了干湿交替灌溉等常用节水栽培方式对稻田甲烷排放的影响。同时提出未来研究的重点方向。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):189-198
AbstractGrain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):415-432
Summary This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed. 相似文献
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以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。 相似文献
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Corné Kempenaar Thomas Been Johan Booij Frits van Evert Jean-Marie Michielsen Corné Kocks 《Potato Research》2017,60(3-4):295-305
Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the
water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during
mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal
resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No
such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m−2 s−1 between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop. 相似文献
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体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望. 相似文献