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微冻，就是鱼体内部分冻结，如三分之一冻结。我们平常见到的冰鲜鱼，鱼体内部并未冻结；而用吹风冻结或平板冻结机冻结的冻鱼，由于采用低温冻结，鱼体内部绝大部分冻结了。据日本的资料，鱼在-5℃，洄游性鱼类的冻结率为70％，底栖性鱼类的冻结率为50％。而微冻是采用稍低于冰结晶的温度例如在-1℃至-3℃左右保鲜。 相似文献
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几种经济鱼类在冷冻冷藏中组织学变化的研究,得到了以下结果: 1.鱼肉在低温下冷冻时,肌肉纤维的水发生内冻结,冰晶体小,可以较好地保持其组织结构的完整。考虑到冻鱼在冷藏中仍继续变化,采用-25°——35℃温度冷冻鱼品是适宜的。 2.快速冷冻可使鱼肉组织不受冰晶体的破坏。梭鱼片在104分钟以内的不同速度 (鱼肉中心温度由0°至-5℃所需的时间)冷冻的结果均较好,其中以27、40、72分钟者更能令人满意。试验表明,鱼肉的冷冻速度不是愈快愈好。鲵鱼片用60—1,500分钟八种速度单向冷冻时,除720、1,380和1,500分钟的较差外,其他速度冷冻的肌肉组织相似。 3.冰藏1、7和13天的小黄鱼在相同温度下冷冻后,肌肉组织结构有差异,冰藏了天以上者差异特别明显。三种冰藏期的冻鱼以相同温度冷藏时,冰藏13天后的冻鱼,其保藏期较前二种冰藏期的短2—3个月。 4.冻鱼的冷藏温度十分重要。用相同的和低于冷冻时的温度保藏鱼类,可以较好地保持肌肉组织不受破坏。在-18℃冷冻并冷藏和-10℃冷冻后、-18℃冷藏的大黄鱼的保藏期,较之在-29℃(鼓风)冷冻后分别在-18°和-10℃冷藏的延长1—2个月。 5.不同含脂量的鱼(小黄鱼、带鱼、鲐鱼)以相同温度冷冻(-29℃,鼓风)和冷藏(-18℃),其肌肉组织有明显差别,多脂鱼肉的组织结构受到的破坏比少脂鱼的轻得多。 相似文献
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几种淡水鱼在冻藏过程中鲜度变化研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本文以淡水养殖的鲢，鳙、罗非鱼为对象，利用ＩＱＦ冻结设备在－３０℃下冻结，并在－１８℃的冷藏冻中贮成．通过对鱼肉鲜度指标Ｋ值，ＶＢＮ、ＦＡＡ－Ｎ、ｐＨ值以及蛋后质变性指标的测定，探讨鱼肉在冷冻贮藏过程中质量的变化情况．实验结果表明，Ｋ值和ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性对反映淡水鱼低温冻藏过程中的鲜度变化有着良好的规律性。 相似文献
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鲢、鳙、罗非鱼在冰温保鲜过程中的几个鲜度指标变化研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
冰温保鲜是近年来国外新兴的食品保藏技术。它保鲜食品的机理是,在0℃以下利用各种食品的冰点,在负温范围不结冰的状态下保藏或熟成食品。保藏温度介于冰藏和微冻之间,而经保鲜的食品品质比冰鲜或微冻保鲜更接近生鲜状态。本文通过鱼肉中几个鲜度指标的分析测定,探讨了鲢、鳊、罗非鱼在冰温保鲜中质量的变化情况。实验结果表明,利用冰温保鲜技术,3天后,鲢鱼、罗非鱼的K值均在20％以下,处在生鲜状态,可供生鱼片食用。12～15天内,鳙鱼及罗非鱼K值还都在60％左右,还处在一般鲜品(K=40-60％)水平。如果以VBN的指标来衡量,贮藏12天内,鲜度均还处于一纵鲜度(VBN<15％)。贮藏25天后,还均处于二级鲜度(VBN<25％)的水平。在贮藏中游离氮基酸态氨呈下降趋势、但变化不大。 相似文献
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本试验旨在通过测定鲢在低温冻藏时的生化和质地特性参数之变化规律,来考察几种冻藏方法对其品质的影响,从而对鲢的冻藏提出合理的工艺。生化特性参数以K值和EPN值来检验。质地特性采用具有样品测定室为挤压剪切室的 Ottawa 质地测定系统。试验结果表明:①冻结前的去内脏等处理可很显著地影响肌肉的鲜度K值(P<0.01);②快冻比慢冻可减少质地的损失,快冻后冻藏的肌肉鲜度很明显地比慢冻的好(P<0.01);③-30℃冻藏比-18℃冻藏可显著地减缓蛋白质变性的速度(P<0.05);④冻藏时是否镀冰衣,其K值和EPN 值在半年内无显著性差异(P>0.10)。 相似文献
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以感官评价、细菌总数、T-VBN、pH、ATPase活性、K等作为鲜度指标,研究鲈鱼在微冻(-3℃)保鲜过程中的质量变化规律,评价鲈鱼微冻保鲜的可行性.结果表明,鲈鱼在微冻过程中,①感官评分变化在前、中、后3个10天内下降速度分别为0.07、0.09、0.12分/天,但差异不显著;②细菌总数变化第30天下降至初始菌数的1/100;③T-VBN变化第30天时为0.156 6 mg/g,远未达到2级鲜度指标上限;④pH变化前10天一直下降,第10天最低为6.3,而后缓慢上升;⑤ATPase活性下降速度很快,第20天下降至0.005 3μmol/(min@mg),基本丧失活性;⑥K变化前5天由5.2%迅速升到22.33%,此后上升速度趋于缓慢,第30天达到34.362%.微冻可以明显抑制其细菌总数的增长,并维持其较低的T-VBN和K值.但是,微冻条件下鲈鱼的蛋白质变性速度较快. 相似文献
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通过测定不同冷冻方式冻罗非鱼片的理化指标,试图找到最优处理方式,并为冻罗非鱼片工厂化生产提供参考。通过设置双螺旋冷冻机不同的冷冻温度(-35℃、-38℃、-41℃、)冻结新鲜罗非鱼片,将冻结后的鱼片置于-18℃的冷库贮藏,每隔7 d对鱼片样品的pH、水分活度(Aw)、质构参数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)等物理及化学指标进行检测并分析结果。数据表明,冷冻温度对鱼片色差值、失水率、硬度有较大影响,且冷冻温度越低,鱼片品质越好,对咀嚼性、弹性、TVB-N影响不大,对pH则无明显影响。综上,在现有加工工艺的冷冻温度波动范围内,选择较低冷冻温度,提高冻结速率可延缓冻罗非鱼片品质劣变速度,故建议企业加工时,将冷冻温度控制在-40℃,冷冻时间控制在40 min以尽可能保持鱼片品质。 相似文献
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《南方水产科学》2019,(6)
为探讨活鱼宰前预冷对后期鱼片冷藏保鲜品质的影响,将鲜活大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)置于不同温度(15℃、10℃、5℃)的水槽中暂养0.5 h后,宰杀并取鱼片冰藏,分析第0、第3、第6、第9、第12、第15、第18和第21天时的鱼肉感官、理化指标[pH、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、鲜度指标(K值)、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA值)]及微生物[菌落总数(TVC)]变化情况,综合评价宰前预冷处理对大口黑鲈冰藏品质的影响。结果表明,15℃预冷处理可较好地保持大口黑鲈冰藏期间的品质,维持鱼肉感官品质,降低细菌的生长繁殖速度,延缓pH、TVB-N、K值、TBA值及菌落总数的上升,货架期较对照组延长约3 d。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Qin-Cheng Huang Di‐Gen Qin Bei‐Ping Tan Tao Du Yuan-Zhi Yang Qi-hui Yang Shu‐Yan Chi Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献