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1.
性类固醇激素对性腺发育期间的鱼类促性腺激素(GTH)分泌有负反馈作用，而对性未成熟的鱼类GTH分泌有正反馈作用。本实验选取性腺发育中期的长臀鮠(Cranoglanis bouderius)进行研究，将实验用鱼分成4组(实验重复3次，每组共用6尾鱼，)：①持续性17β-雌二醇(17β-Estradiol，E2)处理；②E2在注入促性腺激素释放激素类似物(Analogue of gonadotropin—releasing hormone，GnRH-A)脉冲刺激的处理；③持续性甲基睾酮(17α-methyltestosterone，MT)处理；④MT在注入GnRH-A脉冲刺激的处理；采用离体灌流孵育和GTH放射免疫测定的方法研究E2和MT对长臀鮠脑垂体GTH分泌的影响。持续性的E2(1μmol／L)处理能显著性地抑制长臀鮠脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌，而持续性的MT(1μmmol／L)处理能抑制长臀鮠脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌，同时E2和MT处理能抑制GnRH-A刺激的GTH分泌，而高浓度的E2和MT处理(10μmol／L)要比低浓度的E2和MT处理(0．1μmol／L)对长臀鮠脑垂体碎片基础GTH释放抑制能力强。这些结果表明，在离体实验中，E2和MT对性腺发育中期的长臀鮠脑垂体的GTH的分泌具有负反馈的作用，并且可能直接参与了长臀鮠脑垂体的GTH调节。 相似文献
2.
鲤、鲢、草鱼促性腺激素垂体含量及血清浓度日周期变化的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
淡水鱼类有的在池塘中能自然产卵,如鲤(Gyprinus carpio)、鳊(Megalobrama amblyocephala)等,有的鱼必须给予外源激素才能产卵,如青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)。为探索产生这种差别的原因,本文用放射免疫方法测定了鲤、鲢、草鱼产卵季节促性腺激素(GTH)在垂体中的含量和血清中浓度的日周期变化。鲤、草、鲢24小时血清GTH浓度呈脉冲式波动,白天出现3-4次高峰,夜间雌的有时还有一次高峰。鲤高峰值多在20-40毫微克／毫升血清,峰谷在5—15毫微克／毫升血清,GTH浓度始终保持高水平,而草、鲢高峰值仅2—8毫微克／毫升血清,峰谷0．1—1毫微克／毫升血清。草、鲢每只垂体GTH含量较高,约为鲤的2．5倍。以上数据说明草、鲢垂体释放GTH比鲤少。这种差别可能反映了在池塘中鲤能自产,而草、鲢不能自产的原因。草鱼垂体离体培养,白天和黑夜取材,对LRH-A的反应性不同,白天的反应较弱,对此进行了讨论。 相似文献
3.
17β-雌二醇和甲基睾酮对离体长臀(鱼危)脑垂体促性腺激素分泌的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
性类固醇激素对性腺发育期间的鱼类促性腺激素(GTH)分泌有负反馈作用,而对性未成熟的鱼类GTH分泌有正反馈作用.本实验选取性腺发育中期的长臀(鱼危)(Cranoglanis bouderius)进行研究,将实验用鱼分成4组(实验重复3次,每组共用6尾鱼,):①持续性17β-雌二醇(17β-Estradiol,E2)处理;②E2在注入促性腺激素释放激素类似物(Analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH-A)脉冲刺激的处理;③持续性甲基睾酮(17α-methyltestosterone,MT)处理;④MT在注入GnRH-A脉冲刺激的处理;采用离体灌流孵育和GTH放射免疫测定的方法研究E2和MT对长臀(鱼危)脑垂体GTH分泌的影响.持续性的E2(1μmol/L)处理能显著性地抑制长臀(鱼危)脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌,而持续性的MT(1μmmol/L)处理能抑制长臀(鱼危)3脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌,同时E2和MT处理能抑制GnRH-A刺激的GTH分泌,而高浓度的E2和MT处理(10μmol/L)要比低浓度的E2和MT处理(0.1μmol/L)对长臀(鱼危)脑垂体碎片基础GTH释放抑制能力强.这些结果表明,在离体实验中,E2和MT对性腺发育中期的长臀(鱼危)脑垂体的GTH的分泌具有负反馈的作用,并且可能直接参与了长臀(鱼危)脑垂体的GTH调节. 相似文献
4.
本文通过对大西洋鲑的完整卵泡(包括卵母细胞、外周的鞘膜细胞和颗粒细胞)、手术分离的鞘膜细胞以及分离的颗粒细胞分别进行离体培育,测定它们在促性腺激素(GTH)刺激下,释放性激素的能力。实验证明,完整卵泡具有释放孕酮,17α—羟孕酮,雄烯二酮,睾酮,雌二醇和17α20β—双羟孕酮的能力。分离的鞘膜细胞只能释放前四种性激素。分离的颗粒细胞不能释放以上任何一种性激素。结果说明,单独的鞘膜细胞或单独的颗粒细胞都不具有合成雌二醇和17α20β—双羟孕酮的能力。 相似文献
5.
由放射性免疫测定法测定雌鱼性成熟的各时期中雌二醇——17β、17α——羟孕酮和17α、20β——二羟——4—pregnen——3——酮(170、20β——diOHprog)的血浆水平。在卵黄生成期间雌二醇——17β增加,而在次级卵母细胞成熟以前迅速减少,继之在排卵和产卵期间出现第二次增长。雌二醇——17β的第二次增长可能同残留的卵黄卵母细胞有联系。卵巢成熟的多数时期中血浆17α——羟孕酮曲线和17α、20β——diOHproy的曲线相同。这两种类固醇在卵黄原阶段始终很低,然而在排卵和产卵期间却急剧升高,之后又很快降至基础水平。17α——羟孕酮的显著增加在采最终成熟雌鱼的血浆中十分明显。然而直至排卵时17α、20β——diOHprog也无显著增加。由此想列17α——羟孕酮可作为17α、20β——diOHprog的一个预兆。这一结果为17α、20β——dioHprog是香鱼体内天然的催熟类固醇进一步提供了依据。 相似文献
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脑垂体促性腺激素分泌的影响 《中国水产科学》2005,12(2):113-118
性类固醇激素对性腺发育期间的鱼类促性腺激素(GTH)分泌有负反馈作用,而对性未成熟的鱼类GTH分泌有正反馈作用.本实验选取性腺发育中期的长臀(鱼危)(Cranoglanis
bouderius)进行研究,将实验用鱼分成4组(实验重复3次,每组共用6尾鱼,)①持续性17β-雌二醇(17β-Estradiol,E2)处理;②E2在注入促性腺激素释放激素类似物(Analogue
of gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH-A)脉冲刺激的处理;③持续性甲基睾酮(17α-methyltestosterone,MT)处理;④MT在注入GnRH-A脉冲刺激的处理;采用离体灌流孵育和GTH放射免疫测定的方法研究E2和MT对长臀(鱼危)脑垂体GTH分泌的影响.持续性的E2(1μmol/L)处理能显著性地抑制长臀(鱼危)脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌,而持续性的MT(1μmmol/L)处理能抑制长臀(鱼危)3脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌,同时E2和MT处理能抑制GnRH-A刺激的GTH分泌,而高浓度的E2和MT处理(10μmol/L)要比低浓度的E2和MT处理(0.1μmol/L)对长臀(鱼危)脑垂体碎片基础GTH释放抑制能力强.这些结果表明,在离体实验中,E2和MT对性腺发育中期的长臀(鱼危)脑垂体的GTH的分泌具有负反馈的作用,并且可能直接参与了长臀(鱼危)脑垂体的GTH调节. 相似文献
7.
17α-羟基-20β-双羟孕酮诱导泥鳅排卵的效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
有关17α-羟基-20β双羟孕酮[17α-Hydroxy-20β-dihydroprogesterone(4 Pregnen-17α-20B diol-3one)](以下简称17α-20βP)对鱼类排卵效应及其生殖机理作用的研究,自七十年代以来,国外已开展了这方面的工作。Schuetz, A.(1974),Jalabert, B.(1978)和Jalabert, B.et al.(1978)曾论述过,用脑垂体促性腺激素(GTH)诱导鱼类卵细胞的成熟是通过中介物质性类固醇激素在起作用的。Jababert,B.(1976)叙述了用类固醇激素(17α-20βP)能诱发虹鳟鱼的卵细胞达到最终成熟。Montalembert. 相似文献
8.
鲤鱼血清中促性腺激素、17β雌二醇含量的周年变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用放射免疫测定法,对雌、雄鲤血清中促性腺激素(GTH)和17β-雌二醇(17β-E_2)的含量进行周年测定。GTH的常年分泌量,雌鲤平均为8.94±5.94ng/ml(12月份含量最低,峰值在1月份);雄鲤常年平均为8.72±5.20ng/ml(10月份含量最低,峰值在11月份)。17β-E_2的含量,雌鲤1-4月份较高,平均为2019.48±754.49pg/ml(全年峰值在2月份)。产卵季节后,卵巢开始退化,17β-E_2含量下降。5—8月平均为454.58pg/ml,产卵前后差异性显著。这表明性腺的发育和成熟与血清中17β-E_2含量变化的密切相关性以及雌二醇对GTH分泌的反馈抑制作用。 相似文献
9.
虹鳟排卵前后血清中性类固醇激素浓度变化的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对虹鳟(Salmo gairdneri)排卵前后血清17β-雌二醇(17β-E_2),睾酮(T)和17α-羟-20β-双氢孕酮(17α20βP)的含量进行了测定。17β-E_2从排卵前15天的18.1ng/ml急骤下降到排卵前3—6天的2ng/ml,并继续下降,至排卵时仅为0.9ng/ml。睾酮在虹鳟雌鱼血清中的含量很高,血清浓度从排卵前9天的峰值水平143.3ng/ml缓慢下降,排卵时为24.3ng/ml。17α20βP的血清浓度变化明显,排卵前15天,该激素浓度接近于基线水平或甚至低得不能被检测,排卵前9天开始迅速上升,到排卵前3天达到峰值350.6ng/ml,排卵时为302.2ng/ml。本研究进一步证实了17α20βP在鲑鳟鱼类卵母细胞最后成熟过程中的生理作用,是一种诱发卵母细胞成熟的类固醇激素。临排卵前,血清17β-E_2浓度的下降,可能调节了17α20βP大量分泌的时间;17α20βP的大量分泌是卵母细胞达到最后成熟和排卵不可缺少的一环。注射合成的大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus keta)促性腺激素释放激素(s-GnRH)及其类似物(s-GnRH-A),诱发虹鳟血清类固醇激素17β-E_2,睾酮和17α20βP的变化趋势与自然排卵时的变化相类似。经注射药物诱发排卵的鱼,较对照组提早一周排卵,而且排卵较同步和集中。 相似文献
10.
促黄体生成素释放激素类似物对团头鲂血清中促性腺激素和17β-雌二醇含量变动的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文报道了团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)血清中17β-雌二醇放射免疫的测定方法,将所建立的测定方法用于鱼类血清测定,并对方法的准确性(回收率92.8±8.16％)、特异性(抗血清与雌酮、雌三醇的交叉反应分别为<3.20％、<2.99％)和灵敏度(2.36—2.50pg)作了检验。标准曲线的r=-0.998,s=0.023-0.051,检测范围为10—400pg/管。 团头鲂催产后血清中促性腺激素(GTH)含量增高,为产卵前的17倍左右,而未产卵个体的GTH含量则为产卵个体产卵前的3—5倍。与草鱼和鲢鱼一样,当血清中GTH达到一定浓度时,才能实现产卵。 随着团头鲂卵巢的发育,血清中17β-雌二醇(17β-E_2)含量和成熟系数同步逐渐上升,至第Ⅳ期卵巢发育成熟阶段,血清中17β-E_2含量形成一个高峰,达到2004.11±1136.31pg/ml,可作为卵母细胞卵黄迅速积累的指标。过后,血清中的17β-E_2含量略有下降,催产前为1392.71±399.09和1219.29±420.51pg/ml,产卵后,血清中17β-E_2含量在短时间内迅速下降到346.71±129.51和324.28±228.00pg/ml。 雄鱼则与雌鱼相反,17β-E_2含量随精巢发育而逐渐下降,并一直维持在一个低水平。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
13.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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