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1.
河川沙塘鳢卵母细胞发育过程中卵黄脂磷蛋白的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用酶联免疫检测和免疫印迹技术研究河川沙塘鳢卵巢发育过程中的卵黄磷脂蛋白结构和含量变化情况。河川沙塘鳢卵黄磷脂蛋白的分子量为440 kD,免疫印迹结果显示其由3个亚集团组成,分子量分别为95-105 kDa、41.3 kDa和30.7 kDa。7-9月卵巢中不含卵黄脂磷蛋白,10月起开始累积,翌年3月达到最高值,4-5月仍保持在较高水平,其后显著降低,水溶性总蛋白年变化周期也表现出相似的趋势,但是在7-9月有一个的基本量。试验结果表明,河川沙塘鳢卵巢在10月已经开始发育,比形态观察结果提前10个月。雌性河川沙塘鳢在10月起开始启动水溶性蛋白质特别是卵黄磷脂蛋白的合成,并逐渐累积至翌年3月,3月起开始进入繁殖期,4-5月为产卵高峰期。  相似文献   

2.
壬基酚对河川沙塘鳢性腺分化和发育影响的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
利用组织学方法研究了环境雌激素化合物壬基酚(4-nonylphenol,NP)对河川沙塘鳢性腺分化和发育的影响.将人工孵化河川沙塘鳢仔鱼暴露于3个质量浓度(100、300、500 μg/L)的NP中,同时设空白对照组和溶剂对照组,暴露150 d,显微观察性腺组织.试验结果表明,河川沙塘鳢性腺分化的过程是由中性的性腺直接分化出卵巢或精巢.暴露于500 μg/L NP以下的各处理组中的河川沙塘鳢性别比例约为1∶1,与对照组无差异;但是精巢未发育的个体数量随NP浓度提高而增加,在NP 300 μg/L和NP 500 μg/L暴露组中分别占样本总数的20%和22%;此外,NP对精巢组织结构产生一定的伤害,精巢中出现坏死细胞和纤维化现象.  相似文献   

3.
以河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)为研究对象,采用c DNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术对DMRT1的全长基因进行了克隆,并利用生物信息学技术分析其结构和功能;采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRTPCR)技术检测了河川沙塘鳢DMRT1基因在8种组织(鳃、肠、心、肌肉、脑、肝、脾、性腺)、胚胎发育的8个时期(受精卵期、桑椹胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、体节期、口裂期、出膜后1 d和出膜后3 d)以及性腺发育的4个时期(Ⅰ~Ⅳ期)中的表达变化。结果表明,河川沙塘鳢DMRT1基因c DNA序列的全长为2025 bp,编码297个氨基酸,其中包括894 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),73 bp的5'非编码区和1058 bp的3'非编码区。与已知物种的氨基酸序列比对后发现,河川沙塘鳢DMRT1的氨基酸序列与军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)、欧洲鲈鱼(Dicentrarchus labrax)的同源性最高。DMRT1基因在河川沙塘鳢的精巢组织大量表达,而在卵巢、肌肉、心以及肝4种组织中表达较少,在其它组织中几乎不表达; DMRT1基因在胚胎发育的各个时期都有表达,在原肠期的表达量最高;此外,DMRT1基因表达量在精巢发育的不同时期呈先下降后上升的趋势,在精子成熟期(Ⅳ期)达到最大值,而在卵巢发育的不同时期表达量较少且表达强度差异不明显,因而推测河川沙塘鳢DMRT1基因与精巢的发生和功能的维持有关。研究结果为解析河川沙塘鳢DMRT1基因的功能及其性别决定机制提供了基础资料,也为开展河川沙塘鳢单性育种奠定了基础。  相似文献   

4.
研究了配合饲料养殖河川沙塘鳢技术,将人工繁育的河川沙塘鳢夏花投放在直径为3m的圆形水泥池,放养密度150尾∕m2;共分4组,每组3个池;试验组投喂配合饲料,粗蛋白含量分别为46.15%、41.56%、36.7%,对照组投喂鲜鱼糜、鲜鱼块、活小杂鱼;经128d培育,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组(对照组)平均养成规格分别为19.3g、17.5g、12.2g、13.1g,成活率91.8%、90.9%、72.4%、69.6%,饲料系数1.8、2.04、3.72、15.7。结果表明,河川沙塘鳢对配合饲料粗蛋白含量要求较高,对大豆利用效果较差。  相似文献   

5.
韩英 《水产学报》2008,32(4):566-571
采用分步沉淀法提纯虹鳟卵黄蛋白,以同发育期二倍体虹鳟为对照,用免疫组化法对不同发育阶段的三倍体虹鳟性腺、肝脏、血液和肠道进行卵黄蛋白原(Vg)的细胞化学定位研究.试验结果表明:所纯化蛋白为与卵黄蛋白原具有相似免疫原性的卵黄脂磷蛋白,呈雌性特异性.性腺发育Ⅲ～Ⅴ期的二倍体雌性虹鳟,血液和肝细胞呈卵黄蛋白原阳性,Ⅳ～Ⅴ期卵巢呈卵黄蛋白原阳性,各发育期肠组织呈卵黄蛋白原阴性;性腺发育至Ⅰ～Ⅴ期的三倍体雌雄虹鳟及雄性二倍体虹鳟,其性腺、肝脏、血液和肠道组织呈卵黄蛋白原阴性.二倍体虹鳟外源性卵黄蛋白原在肝细胞内合成,经血液运送至卵巢,最终在卵母细胞中形成卵黄颗粒.由于三倍体雌性虹鳟卵巢发育受阻,无滤泡细胞分化,生殖细胞与体细胞的互作缺失,不能分泌足量的17β-E2以诱导Vg的合成,因而肝脏的Vg阴性并不能说明肝脏不具备合成Vg的能力,从卵黄发生的角度分析,卵黄蛋白原的缺乏不是导致三倍体虹鳟雌性不育的原因,而是其卵泡败育的结果.  相似文献   

6.
在0.00、1.00、2.00、3.00、4.00、5.00不同盐度条件下,分析和测定了饥饿6 d的河川沙塘鳢稚鱼的生化组成、NH3-N排泄率,并对能量流转进行了研究。试验结果表明,盐度对河川沙塘鳢饥饿稚鱼的生化组成、NH3-N排泄率均有显著影响。盐度2.00,饥饿稚鱼的失重最少,蛋白质、脂肪等能源物质的消耗最少;NH3-N排泄率随着盐度的升高逐渐增高,但在盐度5.00时又稍有下降。盐度对河川沙塘鳢稚鱼在饥饿期间能量收支的各组分有显著影响,其最佳盐度为2.00,在此盐度条件下,河川沙塘鳢饥饿稚鱼损失的生长能最少,为-13.295 J,代谢耗能最低,为11.94 J。  相似文献   

7.
对异育银鲫进行饥饿2周后恢复投喂处理,分析体质量(107.2±7.0)g的异育银鲫的生长率及卵巢发育相关指标的变化.结果表明,饥饿处理2周后,异育银鲫恢复投喂2周,特定生长率显著高于投喂组,体质量增长接近正常投喂组,出现完全补偿生长.在饥饿过程中,卵巢发育相关指标性腺成熟系数、肝体指数、血清磷含量、血清钙含量均呈下降趋势.饥饿1周,性腺成熟系数显著低于投喂组水平;饥饿2周,肝体指数血清磷、血清钙含量和血清钙含量均极显著低于投喂组水平.恢复投喂后,4项指标均有一定程度的恢复,仍显著低于投喂组水平.说明异育银鲫饥饿2周后恢复投喂2周,其卵巢发育的恢复滞后于身体的生长.  相似文献   

8.
人工配合饲料养殖河川沙塘鳢试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)为鲈形目、塘鳢科、沙塘鳢属的小型经济鱼类[1],是中国特有种,其肉质细嫩、味道鲜美,历来为人们所喜食,市场价格一直居高不下,供不应求.目前国内对河川沙塘鳢的研究主要集中在生理、生态、遗传学等方面,取得了一些重要成果,生产上已基本突破规模化人工繁殖技术,为发展河川沙塘鳢人工养殖提供了重要的理论保障和技术支撑.目前,河川沙塘鳢的人工养殖依赖于投喂活饵,采用配合饲料饲养成功的实例尚未见报道.为此,笔者于2011年6月25日至11月1日,在安徽省宣城市宣州区水阳镇特种水产养殖试验基地开展了配合饲料饲养河川沙塘鳢试验,现将有关试验情况报告如下.  相似文献   

9.
为了解饥饿胁迫对鳙肌肉质构特性、常规营养成分、氨基酸组成及肠道微生物群落结构的影响，设置正常投喂组和饥饿组，对处于越冬前期的鳙（Aristichthys nobilis）开展78 d饥饿试验。结果表明，与正常投喂组相比，饥饿组鳙肌肉的硬度、黏性、咀嚼性、恢复性及水分含量显著提高，肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪及氨基酸含量显著降低（P<0.05）;2组间鳙肌肉弹性、灰分、蛋氨酸含量以及必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸总量占氨基酸总量的百分比差异不显著（P>0.05）。此外，2组间肠道微生物群落结构差异显著，正常投喂组鳙肠道内容物菌群的Alpha多样性显著高于饥饿组（P<0.05）；在门水平上，正常投喂组优势菌群为变形菌门、放线菌门、蓝细菌门和拟杆菌门，饥饿组优势菌群为梭杆菌门、厚壁菌门、蓝细菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门；正常投喂组鱼变形菌门、放线菌门的比例显著高于饥饿组，梭杆菌门、厚壁菌门显著低于饥饿组（P<0.05）；饥饿组肠道鲸杆菌属、迪尔玛菌属、蓝细菌属的丰度显著增加（P<0.05）。指出，越冬前长期饥饿，会导致肌肉营养成分含量较少，肠道菌群多样性降低，菌群结构发...  相似文献   

10.
为获得河川沙塘鳢细胞遗传学数据,以河川沙塘鳢的头肾细胞为试验材料,制备染色体标本,利用Giemsa染色和Ag-NORs方法对河川沙塘鳢的染色体核型以及具有转录活性的核仁组织区在染色体上的分布位置和数量进行了研究。结果表明,河川沙塘鳢二倍体染色体数目为44,其染色体组由44条端部着丝粒染色体组成,核型2n=44t,NF=44;Ag-NORs位点位于着丝粒端。本研究结果可为研究河川沙塘鳢的遗传提供基础资料。  相似文献   

11.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

12.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
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15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

17.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

18.
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass.  相似文献   

19.
Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response.  相似文献   

20.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

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