共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 486 毫秒
1.
microRNA(miRNA)是一类内源性非编码小RNA,在植物整个生长发育过程中都起着重要作用,是基因表达的重要调控因子,而microRNA172(miR172)是众多miRNA家族中的重要的一员。为了更直观的认识miR172在植物中所发挥的作用,笔者归纳和总结了miR172在调控植物生长发育过程和响应逆境的研究进展,具体分析了miR172在植物营养生长阶段转变、开花、花器官发育、节间长度、植物商品器官发育以及逆境胁迫响应等诸多过程中发挥的作用。笔者认为miR172在植物中仍有很多未知的功能尚未发掘,因此未来深入挖掘和研究miR172在植物生长过程中更多的作用是一个重要的研究方向,在此基础上深入解析miR172在此过程中的功能、分子调控机制,为人为利用miR172调控植物生长发育奠定理论基础。 相似文献
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3.
花是植物重要的生殖器官,受到多种花发育因子的调控。AGAMOUS(AG)在花发育的不同阶段有着不同的表达模式,对于植物的繁殖和发育有着重要的作用。AG与其他花发育基因、蛋白之间的相互作用决定了植物花器官的形态建成。近年来研究发现,AG基因对于花序分生组织向花分生组织的转化起到了关键的调控作用,特别是它与WUSCHEL(WUS)基因的反馈调节途径促进了植物生殖器官的发育。本综述总结了AG基因在植物花发育调控网络中的作用及生物学功能,展望了花发育未来的研究方向与发展趋势。 相似文献
4.
SPL(SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like)是植物特有的转录因子,它参与了植物叶、花、果实的发育、发育阶段转变、花青素的合成以及胁迫应答等调控过程。SPL转录因子家族成员均含有高度保守的SBP结构域,可以特异性结合所调控基因启动子的顺式作用元件,还可与其它调控蛋白相互作用,共同调控相关基因的表达。另外,SPL在转录后水平还受miRNA156/miRNA157的负调控。本研究从SPL调控因子在植物形态建成、次生代谢、生理胁迫中的表达调控研究进展方面进行综述。 相似文献
5.
MicroRNA参与植物花发育调控的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
摘 要：MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类20到24nt的非编码小RNA,通过与靶mRNA序列的互补配对产生特异性,抑制了mRNA的表达或使其降解,从而调控靶基因的表达。本文主要综述了三类调控开花时间的miRNA家族成员：miR172,miR159 / miR319和miR156。其中,miR156主要调控植物生长周期转变;miR172通过调控AP2类基因,控制开花时间和花器官的形成;miR159和miR319的过量表达均会引起一些花发育障碍,如花期延迟。此外,还介绍了其它一些与花发育相关的miRNA,并对miRNA在花形成和发育中的研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
6.
《棉花学报》2017,(6)
【目的】MIKC~C是1类保守的转录因子家族,参与调控植物的开花时间和花器官发育。通过对MIKC~C家族进行全基因组学分析,为深入研究MIKC~C在棉花开花及花器官发育的分子调控机理提供基础。【方法】利用HMMER 3.0及pfam种子文件鉴定棉花全基因组MIKC~C基因,结合其表达量进行偏向表达及聚类分析。【结果】在陆地棉基因组中共鉴定发现100个MIKC~C基因,分为11个亚类。表达聚类分析显示,棉花MIKC~C基因的表达模式大致可分为4个不同的类群,说明这类基因在棉花进化中出现了功能分化。100个MIKC~C基因中,有12个基因具有miRNA靶位点。【结论】研究结果显示MIKC~C家族基因在棉花纤维中存在功能分化,而且可能受到miRNA的调控,这为进一步研究该家族基因的功能提供信息参考。 相似文献
7.
杨树作为世界上重要的速生栽培树种和林木基因工程的模式树种,对其花发育分子机理的深入研究既是进行杨树开花调控的前提和基础,也为研究其它多年生木本植物花发育的研究提供借鉴.与其他开花植物相似,杨树的花发育也分为开花诱导、花的发端和花器官发育三个阶段,并且每个阶段都有多种基因的参与和调控.依据拟南芥等植物中花发育基因的信息,在杨树中也克隆了一大批与其花发育相关的基因,这些基因在表达方式、基因功能、调控等方面与其在拟南芥等植物中既有相似性,又具有杨树自身的特点.在杨树花发育相关基因的研究基础上,已经获得了提早开花及不育的转基因杨树.随着杨树花发育研究的不断深入以及实验技术的不断更新,杨树遗传改良必将发生历史性的变革. 相似文献
8.
《分子植物育种》2021,(13)
YABBY基因家族是种子植物特有的转录因子,该家族具有N-末端锌指结构域和C-末端螺旋-环-螺旋保守结构域;在植物的生长发育,特别是叶片的生长、果实的发育、花器官的形成和植物次生代谢物质的代谢中起重要作用。本研究从石榴基因组中鉴定到6个YABBY基因,并将其划分为5个亚族。不同器官和品种的表达分析表明:Pg YABBY基因家族在石榴的生长发育和生理过程中起重要作用。转录组分析表明:PgYAB2可能负调控石榴果皮和种子的发育。PgINO有可能负调控外种皮的发育。PgFILb基因有可能通过调控木质素或半纤维素等次生代谢物质的生物合成相关基因的表达进而调控石榴籽粒的硬度。本研究结果为石榴YABBY家族基因功能研究、探索YABBY调控石榴果实发育及品质形成提供参考,为石榴的分子育种提供科学依据。 相似文献
9.
茄科蔬菜是典型的喜温性植物,由于本身无法躲避低温伤害,田间生产中易遭受低温胁迫。MicroRNA(miRNA)作为一种小分子RNA,是非蛋白质编码基因产物之一。低温胁迫下miRNA被激活,通过负调控靶基因、降解靶基因、抑制翻译等过程,调控相关基因表达,使植物从生理和分子水平上发生变化以响应低温胁迫。本研究主要从低温胁迫对茄科蔬菜的生理水平和转录水平的影响,miRNA差异表达、miRNA响应表达及miRNA与其靶基因作用模式两大方面进行阐述,以期揭示茄科作物中miRNA低温胁迫下相应的分子机制,为培育耐冷新品种提供坚实的理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
10.
一个水稻长护颖突变体的遗传分析和基因定位 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
花器官发育异常突变体是研究植物花发育分子机理的重要材料。本研究在特种栽培稻品种"鸭血糯"中发现一个长护颖自然突变体,命名为Osleg(Oryza sativa long empty glumes)。组织细胞学分析表明,该突变体护颖的远轴表皮细胞凸凹不平,毛状体较多,许多瘤状体轴向平行排列,与外稃表皮细胞结构相似。遗传分析结果表明,该突变性状受一对隐性基因控制。将Osleg纯合体与籼稻品种9311杂交构建F2定位群体,利用已公布的水稻SSR标记和自行设计的STS标记对突变位点进行基因定位,最终将OsLEG定位在水稻7号染色体短臂上的LC15和LC25标记之间,物理距离约207kb,为进一步克隆OsLEG基因和研究禾本科植物花器官的分子调控机理提供了重要科学依据。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
16.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
17.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
18.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
19.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献