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1.
黄淮冬麦区175个小麦品种的SSR多态性及其与株高、产量相关性状的关联分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解小麦品种资源的遗传多样性, 筛选株高、产量相关性状相关标记的等位变异, 选用108对覆盖小麦各同源染色体且多态性高的SSR引物, 对黄淮麦区175个小麦品种进行分析。共检测到448个等位变异, 平均每个标记4.15个等位变异, 变化范围为2~14个;全部SSR位点的多态性信息含量(PIC)变化范围为0.075~0.869, 平均为0.561。聚类分析显示同一地区或同一育种单位育成的、具有共同亲本的品种多数聚为一类。关联分析表明, 与株高、产量相关性状显著关联(P<0.01)的标记有23个, 其中3个标记达到极显著(P<0.001)水平。标记wmc128(1B)和wmc236(3B)与小穗数极显著相关, 分别解释小穗数变异的10.5%和8.0%;标记Xgwm129(2B)与千粒重达到极显著相关, 可以解释千粒重变异的19.3%。 相似文献
2.
为明确四川近年来普通小麦的遗传差异情况,本研究采用微卫星分子标记(SSR)对四川省2005～2006年参加区试的66个小麦品系进行了遗传多样性研究,用18对扩增谱带稳定的SSR引物,共检测到106个等位位点,每对引物等位位点数为2～13个,平均5.89个.SSR引物的PIC介于0.22～0.91之间,平均多态性信息0.498.聚类分析表明,品种间遗传相似系数(GS)变异范围为0.390～0.834,平均值为0.608,品种间遗传相似性变幅较大,表明这次小麦区试品种(系)间存在着不同程度的遗传多样性差异.根据品种间遗传相似系数聚类,66份材料被聚成五类. 相似文献
3.
国家棉花区试新品种的SSR 指纹图谱分析 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
以2009年度参加黄河流域国家棉花区试的57份参试品种为材料,运用筛选确定的22对多态性好、条带清晰的SSR引物对参试品种进行分子标记分析,共检测出145个等位位点,其中106个为多态性位点,平均每对引物4.8个,多态性比率平均达到72.7%,PIC平均值为0.661。利用106个多态性片段构建了这些品种的SSR指纹图谱。遗传聚类结果显示,在相似系数为0.98时,57个区试品种完全区分开;同一地区和同一单位育成的品种在不同程度上聚在一类,说明它们的遗传关系较近。 相似文献
4.
山东省不同年代栽培大豆SSR标记遗传多样性分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
从分子水平探讨山东省大豆种质资源遗传多样性,为山东大豆今后的大豆育种和遗传改良奠定基础;对山东省36份不同年代材料进行SSR标记,计算遗传相似系数,并对供试品种进行UPGMA聚类分析;20对SSR引物共扩增出138个等位变异,平均每对引物扩增出6.9个等位变异.遗传相似系数的变化范围为0.66～0.97,总体平均值为0.78;相似系数大,品种间遗传差异较小.利用SSR标记的数据结果,对供试品种进行聚类分析,东解1号单独聚为一类,其他品种聚成2个类群,聚类结果表明其多样性与地理来源及系谱关系相关联,但从年代上并没有很好的划分.对山东大豆的多样性分析也有必要采取多种方法对其进行综合有效的鉴定. 相似文献
5.
小麦抗旱品种的遗传多样性分析及株高优异等位变异挖掘 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
为了解北方冬麦区小麦抗旱品种的遗传多样性,筛选株高相关标记的等位变异,选用117个均匀分布于小麦各条染色体的SSR标记,对136份小麦抗旱品种进行分析。共检测到1484个等位变异,平均每个标记12.6个等位变异,变化范围为2～42个,供试材料的多态性遗传信息含量(PIC)变化范围为0.016～0.941,平均为0.640。聚类分析把同一地区或育种单位育成的品种、具有共同亲本的姊妹品种聚为一类,部分相近年代选育的品种也分别聚在一类,国外材料的基因导入对育成品种的遗传基础产生了影响。关联分析表明,在旱地条件下与株高显著相关的标记有19个(P0.01),其中6个极显著相关(P0.001);在水地条件下与株高显著相关的标记也有19个,其中7个极显著相关。水、旱两种条件下共检测出与株高极显著相关的标记9个,分别是Xbarc125(7D)、Xbarc168(2D)、Xgwm126(5A)、Xgwm130(2B)、Xgwm212(5D)、Xgwm285(3B)、Xgwm495(4B)、Xgwm95(2A)和Xwmc396(7B),其中Xgwm285的220bp、Xgwm495的181bp、Xgwm212的99bp和Xbarc125的167bp等位变异是与矮秆关联的优异等位基因。 相似文献
6.
SSR分子标记对24个春小麦育成品种的聚类分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了进一步了解新疆春小麦品种的遗传基础,给春小麦育种工作提供有益参考,利用SSR分子标记技术对24个新疆春小麦育成品种进行了遗传背景分析。结果表明：41对SSR引物共检测到432个等位位点,其中多态性位点占93.1%,引物多态性信息量（PIC）平均0.86;聚类分析在遗传距离0.8处,供试春小麦品种可分为4个大类,具有亲缘关系的品种并不一定能聚成一类,说明新疆春小麦育成品种间具有很丰富的遗传差异。 相似文献
7.
《分子植物育种》2017,(8)
以49份申请品种保护提供的品种和47份收集的草莓已知品种为材料,通过从208对草莓SSR引物中筛选出20对多态性好的核心引物,采用变性聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳检测和毛细光电泳检测相结合的方式对96份草莓品种进行标记分析,检测每个标记不同等位变异大小,并为每个等位变异选取了相应的参照品种。结果显示:20对引物共检测出206个等位位点,每对引物检测到等位位点6~15个平均10.3个;共检测到600个带型,每对引物检测到带型数11~58个,平均30个,平均多态性信息含量(polymorphism information content,PIC)为0.80。聚类结果表明,在遗传相似系数为0.96时,该套引物能将所有品种区分开,同一单位选育的品种被优先聚为一类;对历年草莓申请品种选择的近似品种做出合理性评价,并对今年新的部分申请品种推荐更为相近的近似品种,同时本研究中可能存在的"同名异物"和"同物异名"的品种还需基于外观表达性状的观测。 相似文献
8.
对22份"十五"攻关培育的创新种质和22份大豆育成品种进行了24个SSR标记的分析比较,目的是在分子水平上阐明创新种质的遗传结构特点,为拓宽我国大豆育成品种遗传基础及亲本选择提供理论依据。本研究在24个SSR位点共检测出231个等位变异,其中15.8%(36个等位变异)为创新种质所特有,特别是在与大豆胞囊线虫紧密连锁的Satt309位点上验证了一个我国独有的等位变异。结合UPGMA和Model-based聚类结果,将创新种质和育成品种分为4组,第Ⅰ组由13份来自东北和山西的创新种质组成;第Ⅱ组由8份来自东北的育成品种组成;第Ⅲ组由8份来自黄淮海和南方的大豆种质组成,其中创新种质和育成品种各为4份;第Ⅳ组由4份育成品种组成,分别来自吉林、黑龙江、河南和山西。遗传多样性分析结果表明,利用国外种质和野生大豆创造的创新种质丰富了东北地区育成品种的遗传多样性。因此,应加强利用国外种质、我国栽培大豆地方品种和野生大豆等优异资源,在创造优异大豆新种质的同时,拓宽我国大豆的遗传基础。 相似文献
9.
10.
《分子植物育种》2016,(10)
了解烟草种质材料的遗传多样性,可为其有效利用与保护提供依据。据此,本研究采用荧光SSR和荧光MFLP技术,对来源于12个不同国家和地区94份烟草核心种质材料进行遗传多样性分析。结果显示,17对SSR和52对MFLP引物组合分别检测出34个和136个具多态性的等位变异位点,平均每对SSR和MFLP引物分别为2个和2.61个。SSR标记的多态性信息量(PIC)变幅为0.126 4~0.466 2,平均为0.281 1;MFLP标记的PIC值在0.119 5~0.803 4之间,平均为0.462 4。遗传多样性分析表明,94份烟草核心种质材料间的遗传距离在0.095 2~0.902 6之间,平均为0.453 9;遗传相似系数在0.444 4~0.905 5之间,平均为0.664 8。UPGMA聚类分析和主坐标分析均将94份材料分为6大类,且两种方法能相互对应、补充和验证。此外,依据12个不同地区烟草种质材料间的遗传一致度,可将其聚类为4个大组,其中第IV大组可以分为4个亚组。本研究结果表明94份烟草核心种质的遗传多样性较丰富,合理地利用这些种质材料,将有利于拓宽中国烟草品种的遗传基础。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
20.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献