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1.
冬枣黑点病病原鉴定 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
冬枣黑点病主要为害冬枣果实,在果面上产生黑斑,影响果实的外观及品质。2004~2005年连续2年对河北省黄骅市的不同枣区采集的病果进行分离接种及再分离,结果证实冬枣黑点病病原为:桑壳小圆孢菌(ConiothyriumfucsidulumSacc)、仁果茎点霉(Phoma pomirumThüm)以及细极链格孢(Alternaria alternata(Fr.)Keissler),其中(Conio-thyrium fucsidulumSacc)和(Phoma pomirumThüm)既可单独侵染,也可混合侵染,(Alternaria alternata)只参与混合侵染。 相似文献
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旨在明确山东省玉米穗腐病病原菌组成及优势病原菌的流行趋势。对2015-2017年在山东省采集的138份玉米穗腐病样品进行了病原菌的分离,采用形态学和分子生物学方法对分离物进行鉴定,并对优势病原菌进行系统发育分析,明确其发生发展规律。分离鉴定结果表明,分离到的真菌共有18种,其中镰孢属的拟轮枝镰孢菌分离频率为67.39%,为山东省优势病原菌;其次为层出镰孢菌,分离频率为10.87%;禾谷镰孢复合种、木贼镰孢菌和尖孢镰孢菌的分离频率分别为7.97%,5.80%,0.72%;木霉属的哈茨木霉分离频率为7.91%;青霉属的草酸青霉分离频率为6.52%;曲霉属黄曲霉和黑曲霉的分离频率分别为2.17%和5.07%。基于EF-1α基因序列构建了山东省2015-2017年拟轮枝镰孢菌的系统发育树,并分析了山东省菌株与河北省菌株的遗传进化关系。系统发育分析结果发现,89个拟轮枝镰孢菌菌株可以分为2个大群,其遗传距离较小,为0.002～0.016,表明山东省2015-2017年的菌株之间遗传关系较近;河北省和山东省拟轮枝镰孢菌菌株的遗传距离较小,相似性较高,亲缘关系较近,存在较为频繁的基因交流。研究结果为深入开展拟轮枝镰孢菌穗腐病的抗性育种、发生发展规律以及综合防治提供科学依据。 相似文献
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研究美极梅奇酵母菌(Metschnikowia pulcherrima)与不同浓度(5、10、15、20 mmol/L)的钼酸铵结合使用对冬枣果实采后黑腐病和青腐病的防治效果以及钼酸铵对美极梅奇酵母菌生长的影响。结果表明,不同浓度的钼酸铵对美极梅奇酵母菌的生防效果影响不同,其中美极梅奇酵母菌与较低浓度(5 mmol/L)的钼酸铵溶液结合使用时对冬枣果实黑腐病和青腐病的防治效果最佳,美极梅奇酵母菌在含有5 mmol钼酸铵的NYDB液体和固体培养基以及冬枣伤口上的生长都未受到明显的抑制。因此,美极梅奇酵母菌与钼酸铵结合使用在控制冬枣采后贮藏中的病害方面具有潜在的应用价值。 相似文献
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冬枣贮藏保鲜现状与对策 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
1目前冬枣贮藏保鲜的主要问题1.1腐烂冬枣皮薄质脆,营养丰富,易受微生物侵染而导致腐烂。通过几年的探索和实践发现,冬枣在贮藏期间极易发生腐烂现象可分为两种情况:一种是由于机械伤引起的外部腐烂,主要发生在表皮、梗洼等伤口部位,在正常贮藏条件下发病时间是在贮藏之后的2个月左右,这种由机械伤感染引起的腐烂可通过在采收运输过程中减少出现伤口来控制,也可通过采后表面消毒措施来解决;另一种情况是由病原菌潜伏侵染而造成。病原菌在田间侵染果实(主要侵染期为花期和幼果期),之后一直潜伏在果实内,潜伏侵染的病原菌隐藏在冬枣果肉组织中… 相似文献
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云南省烟草青枯病危害调查与病原菌分离 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为了了解云南省烟草青枯病的危害情况,指导病害预测预报与综合防治;2004年至2006年,对云南省烟草青枯病的发生进行了调查,对田间采集的烟草茎下部黑色坏死症状样品进行了病原菌分离。在文山州文山县、砚山县、广南县、西畴县和麻栗坡县主要栽烟乡镇的重病田块,茎下部黑色坏死病株86.3%感染青枯病,27.7%感染黑胫病,其中包括14%病株复合感染青枯病和黑胫病。从云南省12个县(市)采集的258个烟草病样中分离青枯雷尔氏菌株219个,病原菌回接试验和ELISA检测结果表明文山州、保山市的烟草茎下部黑色坏死症状病害,大部分为烟草青枯病,伴随部分黑胫病。 相似文献
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分别用0、2、20、200μmol/L褪黑素处理接种链格孢菌(Altrenaria alternata)的采后冬枣,研究褪黑素对冬枣采后黑斑病的抗病作用.结果显示:褪黑素处理可以抑制病斑直径的扩展,降低冬枣的腐烂指数和失重率,抑制冬枣呼吸速率和相对电导率的上升,使丙二醛(MDA)含量保持在较低水平;此外,褪黑素处理还提高了苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、几丁质酶(CHI)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(GLU)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性以及抗病相关物质(黄酮、总酚、木质素)的含量.上述结果表明,褪黑素可以通过激活抗病相关酶活性和提高抗真菌物质含量来提升冬枣采后抗黑斑病的能力,可作为一种有潜力的激发子,提高果实对采后病原菌的抗性,从而用于采后果实的腐烂防治. 相似文献
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采用拮抗酵母菌（美极梅奇酵母菌（Metschnikowia pulcherrima））单独处理或结合热水浸泡处理（55 ℃,30 s）冬枣果实, 研究在模拟货架条件下（24 ℃）贮藏7 d,不同处理对人工接种橘青霉或链格孢菌后冬枣伤口的腐烂率、病斑直径和对冬枣自然腐烂及贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,采用拮抗酵母菌单独处理及结合热水浸泡处理都可显著降低人工接种致病菌冬枣的腐烂率、病斑直径及减轻冬枣的自然腐烂程度,并能提高冬枣的贮藏品质,其中以美极梅奇酵母菌结合热水浸泡处理的效果最佳,是一种可替代化学杀菌剂控制冬枣果实采后腐烂的较理想的处理方法。 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
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W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
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Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献