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豫花37号是以高产、广适性品种海花1号为母本，以高油酸小果开选016为父本，通过有性杂交和系谱法选择，在分离世代综合运用近红外品质检测、异地生态鉴定、分子标记辅助选择等育种方法选育而成的珍珠豆优质高油酸花生新品种。2012年和2013年参加河南省珍珠豆型优质花生区试，两年9个试验点荚果平均单产达到4583.55 kg/hm2，比对照远杂9102（普通油酸品种）增产2.68%；2014年参加河南省珍珠豆花生生产试验，6个试验点荚果平均单产5084.4 kg/hm2，比对照远杂9102增产10.84%；于2015年通过河南省品种审定委员会审定，夏直播生育期116 d左右。本研究进一步对豫花37的遗传背景和控制油酸含量的两对主效基因的突变类型进行了分析，对后续高油酸品种选育具有一定借鉴意义。 相似文献
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《中国油料作物学报》2017,(1)
为培育适应山东省以及黄淮海区域生产的高产、高油酸花生新品种,以山东优异花生品种花育23号(HY23)和花育31号(HY31)为母本,以高油酸花生品种Sunoleic95R、DF12和开农176(KN176)为父本,配制了3个杂交组合HY23×DF12(SAAS-01)、HY31×KN176(SAAS-02)以及HY31×Sunoleic95R(SAAS-03),在3年时间内,进行了一次杂交、4次回交和1次自交,利用优化的CAPS和PCR产物测序法,以及新开发的花生FAD2基因KASP检测方法,对自交和回交后代进行检测。SAAS-01、SAAS-02和SAAS-03三个组合分别获得了FAD2A和FAD2B隐性纯合的高油酸基因型BC4F2种子1,18和26粒;另外还获得了一批基因型为Aabb、aa Bb、Aa Bb的BC_4F_2种子,这三种基因型的杂交后代可通过进一步自交获得纯合的高油酸材料。本研究获得了遗传背景为花育23号和花育31号的高油酸花生材料,为培育适合山东省种植的高产、高油酸花生新品种奠定了基础。 相似文献
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以5个高油酸含量花生品种和1个普通油酸含量花生品种为试材,在调查测定农艺性状、种子脂肪酸含量和SSR引物扩增带型的基础上,分析高油酸含量花生品种的多样性.结果表明,5个高油酸含量的花生品种在主茎高、侧枝长、分枝数、饱果数、百果重和百仁重6个性状方面的差异明显;其油酸含量均在80％以上,而其他七种脂肪酸的含量各有差异;利用12对SSR引物进行PCR扩增分析,共扩增出50条带,其中40条呈现多态,供试品种间的遗传相似系数介于0.325～0.750之间,平均为0.655.聚类分析结果表明,同一育种单位品种间的遗传相似系数较高,首先聚类在一起;国内高油酸含量品种间的遗传基础相近,优先聚为一类;高油酸含量品种与普通油酸含量品种间的遗传相似系数低,最后聚在一起. 相似文献
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本研究以不同油酸/亚油酸比值（O/L比）花生品种为材料,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术,对四个不同O/L花生品种不同组织中油酸脱氢酶基因（FAD2）的表达进行相对定量分析。结果表明：FAD2基因在不同O/L基因型中组成型表达,其在根、茎、叶中表达量低,在花中表达量最高,显著高于荚果等其它组织中的表达量,且品种间差异达显著水平;花U606和花U12在花、幼荚、成熟荚果中的表达量呈依次下降趋势;花育17和狮油红4号在花、幼荚、成熟荚果中的表达量则呈现高-低-次高的表达趋势,差异达显著水平。
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高油酸花生遗传改良研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
油酸和亚油酸是花生种仁中的主要脂肪酸,其含量和比例是花生和花生油的重要品质指标,花生中的油酸含量存在丰富的遗传变异,与普通花生相比,高油酸花生因含有较高的不饱和脂肪酸更受到消费者的青睐。提高花生油酸含量、降低亚油酸含量(即提高油酸、亚油酸比值,O/L值) 是花生品质改良的重点,也是国内外研究的热点之一。通过育种途径改良花生脂肪酸成分及其含量,对于提高人民生活水平和增进营养健康具有重要意义。本文围绕着调控油酸含量的脂肪酸脱氢酶FAD2 基因的特点,高油酸花生分子标记的研究进展,油酸含量的检测技术和高油酸花生育种的方法进行了综述,总结了中美两国高油酸花生育成的新品种以及对高油酸花生育种的现状,并进行了展望。 相似文献
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为探究品种对花生干燥后品质变化的影响，本试验以高油酸型、高糖型和普通型花生为原料，在相同的干燥条件下研究其热风干燥干后综合品质(蛋白质、脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸、生育酚、硬度)和挥发性成分并分析比较不同品种间的差异。结果表明，不同品种花生干燥后各品质指标存在差异。其中，高油酸和高糖花生的粗脂肪含量存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。高油酸花生的必需氨基酸含量最高，普通花生次之，高糖花生最低。不同品种花生干燥后棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生酸和山嵛酸百分含量均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。高油酸花生和普通花生的油酸含量最高，高糖花生的亚油酸含量最高，二者含量成反比。不同品种花生中均检测出3种生育酚，高糖花生的总VE含量显著高于普通花生和高油酸花生(P<0.05)。此外，共检测出12类81种挥发性物质，高糖花生和高油酸花生主要为醇类和烷类，普通花生主要为烷类和烯烃类。干燥过程中随着干基含水率的降低，花生壳的硬度均呈现先降低后升高的趋势，花生仁的硬度均呈现增大—减小—增大的趋势。本研究探明了不同品种花生干燥后的品质特征，为适用于不同品种花生干燥条件的选择... 相似文献
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花生AhFAD2-1由位于不同基因组上的两个非等位基因AhFAD2-1A和AhFAD2-1B共同编码,这两个基因的突变引起酶结构、酶活性或表达调控的变化,共同导致高油酸性状的产生。本研究通过对13个不同花生品种(系)的AhFAD2-1基因进行测序和比对分析,查找点突变或插入位点,寻找与高油酸性状关联的基因位点。结果表明:E11、花育30、鲁花12、豫花15、河北高油的基因型是OL_1OL_1OL_2OL_2,其相应的O/L值为1.01~1.40;鲁花14、花育17、花育19、花育23、E12S的基因型是ol_1ol_1OL_2OL_2,其中E12S较特殊O/L值为9.05,其他品种O/L值为1.54~1.97;E16、E18和花育32号的基因型是ol_1ol_1ol_2ol_2,其相应O/L值为12.3~41.85。本研究结果对于高油酸性状的分子鉴定以及高油酸花生新品种的培育具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
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Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
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种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献
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ZHU Mingdong WEI Xiangjin XIE Hongjun TANG Guohua ZENG Xiaoshan WANG Jianlong HU Peisong YU Yinghong 《中国水稻科学》2019,33(5):401-406
Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry. 相似文献
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种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
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Combined nitrogen and sulphur fertilisation and its effect on wheat quality and protein composition measured by SE-FPLC and proteomics 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
N.E.S. Flte K. Hollung L. Ruud T. Sogn E.M. Frgestad H.J. Skarpeid E.M. Magnus A.K. Uhlen 《Journal of Cereal Science》2005,41(3):357-369
Soil sulphur deficiency, which is increasingly prevalent in Western Europe, lowers wheat yields, and also affects the gluten quality of the flour. Differences in S availability may change the proportion of S-poor to S-rich gliadins and glutenin subunits. This may cause unpredictable and unwanted variations in wheat quality. The combined effects of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) fertilisers and split application of S and N on wheat gluten quality and composition were investigated. The results revealed effects of S fertilisation on dough quality. At high N fertilisation levels significant responses to S fertilisation were found which emphasised the need for precision application of S in intensive wheat production systems. Protein fractionation by SE-FPLC showed that quality differences were associated with changing proportions of high Mr polymeric proteins. Changes in protein composition of salt soluble proteins were also confirmed by proteomics. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and one of the serpin protein spots increased at high N, combined with the lower S level. The enzymes also increased in samples with increased S fertilisation combined with low N, but was not changed at higher N levels. Furthermore, at high N the serpin protein spot, and also a 27 K protein and one unidentified protein spot decreased with increasing S. 相似文献
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通过比较分析芸薹属多倍体复合种与其祖先二倍体基本种在花柱、柱头大小、角果长度、宽度、种子直径 及种子干重变化上的异同,发现多倍体复合种在这些发育性状上表现出处于两个祖先二倍体亲本之间,或只偏向 于其中一个祖先亲本。同一个多倍体品种在不同发育性状上具有不同的表现,即在某一发育性状上偏向于其祖先 亲本之一,而在另一发育性状上偏向其另一祖先亲本。 相似文献
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Effects of crop density and tillage system on grain yield and N uptake from soil and atmosphere of sole and intercropped pea and oat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) were grown as sole and mixed crops in various densities under two different tillage systems on a loess soil near Göttingen/Germany in a 2-year field experiment (2002/2003). In the conventional tillage system a mouldboard plough (CT) was used and in the minimum tillage system a rotary harrow (MT) was employed. The effect of crop density and tillage system on the grain dry matter and grain N yields, N2 fixation and soil N uptake were determined to address the following questions: (i) which mixture compositions exhibit the highest grain yields compared to the sole crops, (ii) which mixture compositions also fix a high level of N2 and leave low levels of residual inorganic soil N after harvest, and (iii) whether the intercrop advantage is influenced by the tillage system. For (i) the result in 2002 showed that the highest grain yields of both sole cropped pea and oat and intercropped pea and oat were achieved at the highest densities. In 2003, when the inorganic soil N content was higher and weather conditions were warmer and drier, grain yields were significantly higher than in 2002, but sole as well as intercropped pea and oat gave their highest grain yields at lower densities. For both years and tillage systems, the highest intercrop advantages were achieved in mixtures with densities above the optimal sole crop densities. The result for (ii) was that a distinctly higher proportion of nitrogen was derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) by intercropped pea than by sole cropped pea. However, the uptake of soil N by intercropped pea and oat was not reduced in comparison with that of sole cropped oat as the decrease in the uptake of N from the soil by oat at lower oat densities in the mixture was compensated for by the soil N uptake of pea. Additionally, the Nmin-N content of the soil following the mixtures and sole cropped oat did not differ, especially in the deeper soil layers because oat in mixture was forced to take up more soil N from deeper layers. Therefore, the risk of soil N losses through leaching after mixtures was lower compared to sole cropped pea. The tillage system (iii) had no significant influence on grain yield and soil N uptake, but N2 fixation and the competitive ability of intercropped pea were higher under CT than with MT. An additional result was that intercropping led to a significantly increased grain N content of both pea and oat compared to the sole crops. The increase in grain N content from sole to intercrop was from 3.30 to 3.42% for pea and from 1.73 to 1.96% for oat as a mean for both years and tillage systems. The present study confirms that growing pea and oat as intercrops highlights potential economic and environmental benefits which still need to be understood in more detail in order to exploit intercropping to a greater extent. 相似文献