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1.
以聚乙烯醇为唯一碳源从堆肥中筛选所得降解细菌HK1为出发菌株,对该菌株产酶条件进行了研究。首先通过无色透明圈法确定产酶方式,然后采用单因子试验和正交试验优化菌株HK1的产酶条件。结果表明,该菌在细胞内外均有PVA降解酶的分布,并且胞外酶活水平最高。该菌产酶最佳装液量为50 mL/250 mL三角瓶,最佳接种量为6%,最适温度30℃,最佳碳源和氮源种类分别为PVA和NH4NO3。通过正交试验优化,得出该菌产酶的最佳营养条件为：PVA浓度2.5 g/L,NH4NO3 0.6 g/L,pH 7.0。在此条件下,菌株HK1产酶能力是优化前的225%。 相似文献
2.
黑曲霉发酵生产纤维素酶条件的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
摘要：为黑曲霉的实际应用提供依据。以黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger)CZ2为菌株,进行了液体发酵产纤维素酶条件的优化。确定了黑曲霉的最佳培养条件：麸皮和玉米芯为最佳碳源,麸皮: 玉米芯的最佳比例为4:3,最佳氮源为KNO3,碳氮比为5:1,碳氮含量为4%,最适产酶pH为5.8,最佳产酶温度为30 ℃,最佳产酶时间为5d。黑曲霉所产纤维素酶各组分酶活力分别为：羧甲基纤维素酶活力为66.41 U/mL,滤纸分解酶活力为61.73 U/mL。 相似文献
3.
一株纤维素酶产生菌的产酶条件优化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了提高黑曲霉菌No.Q9(Aspergillus niger)的纤维素酶活力,应用于纤维素资源的降解研究。利用单因素实验和正交实验筛选碳氮源,优化培养基主要成分和发酵条件。结果表明菌株Q9的最适碳源为麦秸粉与麦麸,最适氮源为硫酸铵;最适培养基为：麦秸粉2%,麦麸1.5%,硫酸铵1.2%,pH 5.5;最适发酵条件为：接种量5%,培养温度30℃,摇床转速170 r/min,发酵时间3天。以上述条件发酵,菌株Q9的羧甲基纤维素酶活力达到165.21 U/mL,比优化前的123.79 U/mL提高了33.46%。菌株Q9的羧甲基纤维素酶活力较高,可以通过诱变等实验手段来进一步提高其酶活力。 相似文献
4.
高效纤维素降解菌短小芽孢杆菌（Bacillus pumilus）T-7的筛选、鉴定及降解能力的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了得到一株具有降解纤维素性能的产芽孢菌株,采用加热富集芽孢菌及刚果红脱色圈的初筛方法,从菜地土壤、动物粪便、青贮饲料等样品中分离筛选出41株能够降解纤维素的产芽孢细菌。对初筛菌株发酵培养,测定发酵液透明圈直径及纤维素酶活力,菌株T-7具有显著的降解能力,纤维素酶活力达1678.89U/mL。通过形态观察鉴定、生理生化实验和16SrDNA序列分析对其进行种属鉴定,鉴定T-7菌株为短小芽孢杆菌（Bacillus pumilus）。研究了供试菌株T-7的降解工艺,获得了菌株发挥最大降解特性所需的最佳培养条件。结果表明,将菌株T-7以10亿活菌/1Kg的接种量接入玉米秸秆,并且添加辅助碳氮源2%蔗糖+2%尿素时,在发酵8天后对秸秆中纤维素的降解率达40.34%。研究结果为纤维素的生物降解发掘了新的菌种资源,并为秸秆的大规模降解利用奠定了基础。 相似文献
5.
为了确立酶解混合菌群的最佳培养条件,达到最好的降解效果,有效利用奶牛粪便。以筛选的几株菌株构建酶解混合菌群并研究其产酶条件。结果表明：F3-F9组合的纤维素降解率达到44.02%,比单一菌株提高了12.47%。温度、培养时间、起始pH值、培养基固液比、添加麸皮和氮源等因素都会对产酶有较大影响。在培养基中添加0.1%尿素,固液比为1:2,接种量为5%,起始pH 7,培养基中添加0.1%的尿素和40%的麸皮,温度为24℃,培养3天时,F3-F9混合菌株滤纸酶活和CMC酶活分别达到相对较高的值,分别为114.25 U和1617.92 U。 相似文献
6.
以芽孢产率为指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验,考查不同无机盐、pH值、装液量、培养时间、接种量对枯草芽孢杆菌产芽孢影响,对其液体发酵培养基和培养条件进行筛选和优化。结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌最优产孢培养基配方为无水氯化钙0.15 g,七水硫酸镁0.40 g,四水氯化锰0.40 g,硫酸氢二钾0.30 g;最优产孢培养条件为初始pH值7,装液量125 mL/250 mL,培养时间3 d,接种量4%,优化后枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢产率达72.1%。 相似文献
7.
枯草芽孢杆菌XK-1产芽孢条件的优化 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为在最大程度上提高有机磷降解菌-枯草芽孢杆菌XK-1的芽孢产量,对其产芽孢的条件进行系统研究。以菌体芽孢化的方式增强该菌适应性,采用单因素和正交试验的方法,考察不同的氮源、碳源、无机盐、pH、温度、培养时间、接种量对枯草芽孢杆菌形成芽孢的影响。结果表明：XK-1产芽孢的最佳培养基组成为：3%麸皮,3%大豆蛋白胨,0.1% CaCl2,0.05% NaCl,在此基础上的最佳培养条件为pH 7.5,温度为40℃,发酵时间为48 h,接种量为2%。经优化后,该菌株的产芽孢率达96%,为下一步该菌株在复合生物肥中的应用打下基础。 相似文献
8.
枯草芽孢杆菌Bs01发酵条件的优化及对胶孢炭疽菌的抑制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bs01是前期研究分离的一株对果实胶孢炭疽菌具有较强抑制作用的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株。本研究以其发酵后的发酵液上清对胶孢炭疽菌的离体抑菌活性为评价指标,优化了Bs01发酵培养基的氮源、碳源和无机盐成分及配比,同时采用正交试验优化了发酵时间、起始pH、接种量、装液量及温度等发酵条件,并对比测定了最佳发酵条件获得的发酵液上清对胶孢炭疽菌的抑制效果。结果表明,可获得具最强离体抑菌活性发酵液上清的发酵培养基最优氮源、碳源及无机盐分别为细菌蛋白胨、葡萄糖和NaCl,最佳的发酵培养基配方为:2%葡萄糖、3%细菌蛋白胨和0.5%NaCl。最佳的发酵条件组合是:起始培养基pH为7.0,接种量15%,装液量1/10,32℃、200 r/min振荡培养48 h。采用优化后的最佳发酵培养基及发酵条件组合获得的发酵液上清可显著抑制活体接种的胶孢炭疽菌病斑扩展,降低病情指数,显著优于优化前获得的发酵液上清的抑制效果。 相似文献
9.
GM-1菌株为分离自海洋对油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)有强烈抑制作用的解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。以菌体密度和无菌滤液对油菜菌核病菌的抑制作用为检测指标,采用单因素试验筛选GM-1菌株生长及产抗菌物质培养的最佳碳源、氮源和无机盐,通过正交试验设计对该菌株生长和产抗菌物质的发酵培养基配方和摇瓶发酵条件进行优化。研究结果表明,GM-1菌株生长及产抗菌物质最佳培养基配方为:蔗糖10g/L,牛肉膏16g/L,酵母膏3g/L,FeSO40.4g/L。最佳发酵条件为:28℃,pH7.0,200r/min摇床培养60h,种子液浓度108cfu/mL接种量为10%,装液量为70mL/250mL。 相似文献
10.
纤维素降解菌LY16的筛选鉴定和产酶条件研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从腐烂朽木及附近的土壤采样,分离到25株具有纤维素分解能力的菌株,其中LY16菌株的纤维素酶活最高.采用形态学观察及分子生物学方法初步鉴定其为里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei).通过碳氮源优化等试验进行产酶条件研究,得出该菌株最佳的产酶条件,培养基配方为(g/L):微晶纤维素10,麸皮40,蛋白胨4,尿素12,KH_2PO_42,MgSO_4·7H_2O 1,CaCl_2·2H_2O 1,FeSO_4 0.01,MnSO_4 0.004 5,CoCl_2 0.003 6,ZnSO_4 0.0035,培养温度30℃、装液量50mL,转速200 r/min,培养时间为72 h.优化后在该条件下,CMC酶活为202.6 U/mL,FPA酶活最大53.2 U/mL. 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
16.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
17.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献