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1.
为了分析转基因抗虫棉不育系的配合力和杂种优势。采用6×6NCⅡ交配设计,分析了6份转基因抗虫核不育系与6份陆地棉亲本杂交后,9个性状杂种F1的超父本优势、竞争优势和配合力。结果表明,籽棉产量超父本优势的平均值为19.44%,22个组合具正向的杂种优势;竞争优势的平均值为-8.36%,16个组合出现正向竞争优势。单株铃数的杂种优势最为明显。父本值与F1平均值的相关关系表明,8个性状F1代平均值与父本值的相关性达到极显著水平。经配合力分析,A1、A4、B1、B5等亲本的GCA较好;SCA效应显著的6个性状中,A1×B6、A3×B3等组合的SCA效应均为正值。 相似文献
2.
陆地棉优异种质间的杂种优势和配合力分析 总被引：22，自引：6，他引：22
采用 NC 交配设计 ,对包括转基因抗虫棉、常规棉、柱头外露种质系、彩色棉等 1 0份陆地棉优异亲本交配后 ,杂种 F1的 1 0个性状的杂种优势和配合力进行了分析。结果表明 ,皮棉产量超高优势的平均值为 - 2 .91 % ,1 0个组合具正向的杂种优势 ;中亲优势的平均值为 2 2 .45 % ,2 1个组合均具有正向的中亲优势 ;竞争优势的平均值为 -1 4.2 1 % ,4个组合出现正向竞争优势。其它产量性状中单株铃数的杂种优势最为明显。纤维品质性状 ,2 .5 %跨长的优势明显 ,麦克隆值的负向优势明显。高亲值、中亲值和低亲值与 F1平均值的相关关系表明 ,多数性状 F1代平均值与中亲值和低亲值相关性密切。配合力上 ,新棉 33B、680 2、94AP1 4、96- 67、 99- 1 6和 99- 5 5表现较显著的GCA效应 ;SCA效应显著的 7个性状中 ,A1 B3、A4B1、A5 B3等组合有 6个性状的 SCA效应值为正。 相似文献
3.
4.
采用8×5NCⅡ交配设计,对13份转基因特色亲本组配杂交,分析了杂种F1的7个性状的杂种优势和配合力。结果表明,主要产量性状子棉产量,超亲优势的平均值为-6.14%,18个组合具正向的杂种优势;中亲优势的平均值为24.07%,29个组合均具有正向的中亲优势;竞争优势的平均值为-29%,1个组合出现正向竞争优势。单株铃数的杂种优势最为明显。高亲值、中亲值和低亲值与F1平均值的相关关系表明,子棉产量、皮棉产量和单株铃数与高亲值、中亲值和低亲值的相关性不显著,衣分、铃重与高亲值、中亲值的相关性极显著,子指、果枝节位与低亲值、中亲值的相关性极显著。经配合力分析,A4、A7、A8、B1、B5等亲本的GCA较好;SCA效应显著的6个性状中,A8×B3、A4×B4组合的SCA效应均为正值。 相似文献
5.
以5个高强纤维材料为母本,6个抗棉铃虫品系为父本,采用NCⅡ交配设计,对30个组合的杂种F1的产量性状进行分析.结果表明,杂种F1竞争优势明显,4个性状具有竞争优势,其中子、皮棉产量优势最大,其次为铃重和单株铃数.通径分析表明,单株铃数对皮棉产量效应最大.在配合力上,高强纤维材料亲本以9208007Ⅲ长16952和9208007Ⅲ长22的GCA较好,抗棉铃虫亲本以中R3、中R4棉的GCA较好.杂交组合9208007Ⅰ长5×中R3和9208007Ⅲ长22×中R3是较理想的高产优质组合. 相似文献
6.
转基因抗虫棉与陆地棉种质间的杂种优势和配合力分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
采用NCⅡ交配设计,对5份转基因抗虫棉、6份柱头外露种质资源和彩色棉等陆地棉优异亲本组配杂交,分析杂种F1的11个性状的杂种优势和配合力.结果表明,主要产量性状皮棉产量,超高优势的平均值为6.18%,16个组合具正向的杂种优势;中亲优势的平均值为37.41%,24个组合均具有正向的中亲优势;竞争优势的平均值为-15.19%,8个组合出现正向竞争优势.其它产量性状铃重、单株铃数的杂种优势最为明显.纤维品质性状、2.5%跨长、比强度和伸长率的竞争优势明显.高亲值、中亲值和低亲值与F1平均值的相关关系表明,多数性状F1代平均值与中亲值和低亲值相关性密切.经配合力分析,双价321、新棉33 B、HK-1、96-67、惠无3055和01 HN 06表现较显著的GCA效应;SCA效应显著的7个性状中,A 1×B 6、A 2×B 5、A 2×B 3等组合有7个性状的SCA效应为正值. 相似文献
7.
大麦杂种优势利用研究I．F1杂种的离中亲优势和超优亲优势 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以7个细胞质雄性不育系及相应保持系和4个恢复系,按NCⅡ交配设计配成7×4=28个F1杂种,研究了12个数量性状,即株高(PH)、穗长(SL)、穗下节间长(IL)、每株穗数(SP)、主穗粒数(KMS)、每株粒数(KP)、每株粒重(KWP)、每株干重(DWP)、千粒重(KW)、籽粒产量(KY)、籽粒蛋白质含量(PC)和赖氨酸含量(LP)的杂种优势表现.以杂种离中亲优势值Hm和超优亲优势值Hb作为杂种优势大小的指标,以显著的Hm和Hb的出现率作为一个性状杂种优势潜力的指标.结果表明 Hm较为普遍,正、负向显著的Hm出现率分别为46%和12%.然而,显著的Hb出现率平均仅为28%;其变化范围是0～79%,随性状而异.本研究中可推荐的强优势组合是3×10和6×8,它们分别属于六棱×六棱和二棱×二棱的杂交类型.在这两种杂交类型中,似乎要比在六棱×二棱和二棱×六棱的杂交类型中更容易选得强优势杂种.文中对杂种优势和遗传效应的关系也作了简要讨论. 相似文献
8.
本研究采用在黄淮冬麦区种植面积较大的4个强筋小麦品种和4个中弱筋品种按NCⅡ设计正反交组配32个组合,对其F2和亲本的种子,按组合混合后分别测定籽粒硬度、面粉GMP含量、泽伦尼一沉降值、粉质图参数和面包体积,结果表明:面包体积的杂种优势非常普遍,而且中亲优势率较高,平均中亲优势率为 15%(-2%~ 38%),平均超亲优势率为1%(-19%~ 34%)。表明,强筋与中弱筋普通小麦品种间杂交组合F2种子的面包体积杂种优势很强,具有生产利用的潜力;GMP含量平均中亲优势率为 1%(-9%~ 16%),正向优势组合多,负向优势组合少,但超亲优势率几乎全为负值。表明,GMP含量以正向部分显性遗传为主,利于面包小麦杂优利用;GMP含量的F2表现型值、中亲优势率和超亲优势率与F2籽粒的面包体积表现型值、中亲优势率和超亲优势率的正相关系数均达显著水平,应该作为面包小麦杂种优势利用育种的组合评选微量评价指标。 相似文献
9.
以莱州 32 79为中心亲本 ,与冀东地区 5个基因型不同的冬小麦品种配置正反交组合 ,并对 10个正反交 F1 的产量性状、叶绿素含量及旗叶与茎秆间的夹角进行了对比分析。结果表明 :无论正交还是反交 ,5个产量性状平均中亲杂种优势大小顺序均为 :单株产量 >单株有效穗数 >千粒重 >穗粒数 >每穗结实小穗数。单株产量表现出最强的杂种优势 ,但个别组合优势不明显 ,甚至出现负优势。大部分组合叶绿素含量杂种优势不明显 ,只有 1个组合正反交 F1 叶绿素含量均表现出较强的杂种优势。同一性状的杂种优势某些组合正交高于反交 ,而某些组合反交高于正交。莱州 32 79株型直立紧凑 ,与其他品种配成的正反交 F1 旗叶夹角减小幅度均较大 ,该品种对改良株型有很好的利用价值。杂种优势的表达很复杂 ,不仅与杂种核基因有关 ,核质互作对杂种优势也有很强的影响。 相似文献
10.
黑龙江省玉米主要杂交优势利用模式的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用从初步确定的黑龙江省主要玉米种质四大优势类群中各选取2个自交系，按Griffing4模式配制得到28个双列杂交种，并用这8个自交系与其它类群的3个自交系按NC-Ⅱ设计进行不完全双列杂交，得到24个杂交组合。试验结果表明，长3群×Mo17群为长穗、大粒、熟期适宜类型，是适于黑龙江省生态条件要求的杂优模式。Mo17群×唐四平头群为大穗、大粒型、中晚熟杂种优势利用模式。长3群×红玉米群为稳产、早熟杂种优势利用模式。长3群×唐四平头群及甸11×唐四平头群、吉818×Mo17群具有较高的产量杂种优势，目前生产上无这几种杂优模式品种应用，值得进一步研究。` 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
15.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
17.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献