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1.
七里海中华绒螯蟹遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用RAPD-PCR及ISSR-PCR两种分子标记技术,分析了七里海中华绒螯蟹第6代繁育群体的遗传多样性。用10个多态性高的RAPD引物对24个七里海中华绒螯蟹样本个体进行扩增,共检测出107个不同的扩增位点,扩增片段大小为300~2300bp。其中多态位点总数为66个,平均多态位点比例为61.32%,群体内香农-维纳多样性值为0.1714。用8个多态性高的ISSR引物对24个个体共检测到106个位点,扩增片段为200~1500bp。其中多态性位点79个,平均多态位点百分率为74.53%,群体内香农-维纳多样性值为0.1778。结果显示,该群体的多态位点比例和香农-维纳多样性值均较大,说明其有较丰富的遗传多样性,同时也说明RAPD和ISSR技术用于七里海中华绒螯蟹核基因组的遗传多样性分析,具有较高的检出率和灵敏度。 相似文献
2.
本研究分别以普通刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)和白刺参基因组DNA为实验材料,应用甲基化敏感扩增多态性(Methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism,MSAP)技术对刺参体壁、呼吸树和消化道3个组织的DNA甲基化水平和甲基化模式进行了研究,初步探讨了DNA甲基化对刺参组织间基因特异性表达的影响.结果显示,筛选得到的9对引物组合能够在普通刺参和白刺参两个群体中得到稳定扩增,在两群体刺参中分别检测到5932和5208个位点,均以未甲基化位点为主,普通刺参和白刺参未甲基化位点数分别为4317和3944,分别占总扩增条带数的72.78％和75.73％.普通刺参体壁的甲基化水平为31.07％,呼吸树为23.36％,消化道为26.34％;白刺参中体壁的甲基化水平为29.88％,呼吸树为23.25％,消化道为19.45％,由此可见,体壁的甲基化率在两群体中是最高的.普通刺参和白刺参同一组织间的甲基化水平和甲基化模式不同,同一群体体壁、呼吸树和消化道不同组织间的甲基化水平和模式也不同.甲基化在普通刺参和白刺参组织分化和发育过程中可能发挥着十分重要的作用.在检测的3个组织中,CCGG序列的全甲基化位点较半甲基化位点多. 相似文献
3.
《渔业科学进展》2016,(3)
本研究分别以普通刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)和白刺参基因组DNA为实验材料,应用甲基化敏感扩增多态性(Methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism,MSAP)技术对刺参体壁、呼吸树和消化道3个组织的DNA甲基化水平和甲基化模式进行了研究,初步探讨了DNA甲基化对刺参组织间基因特异性表达的影响。结果显示,筛选得到的9对引物组合能够在普通刺参和白刺参两个群体中得到稳定扩增,在两群体刺参中分别检测到5932和5208个位点,均以未甲基化位点为主,普通刺参和白刺参未甲基化位点数分别为4317和3944,分别占总扩增条带数的72.78%和75.73%。普通刺参体壁的甲基化水平为31.07%,呼吸树为23.36%,消化道为26.34%;白刺参中体壁的甲基化水平为29.88%,呼吸树为23.25%,消化道为19.45%,由此可见,体壁的甲基化率在两群体中是最高的。普通刺参和白刺参同一组织间的甲基化水平和甲基化模式不同,同一群体体壁、呼吸树和消化道不同组织间的甲基化水平和模式也不同。甲基化在普通刺参和白刺参组织分化和发育过程中可能发挥着十分重要的作用。在检测的3个组织中,CCGG序列的全甲基化位点较半甲基化位点多。 相似文献
4.
大黄鱼连续4代选育群体遗传多样性与遗传结构的微卫星分析 总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4
利用13个多态性微卫星位点分析了大黄鱼官井洋优快01品系F1到F44个选育世代的遗传结构与遗传多样性变化情况。结果显示,随着选育的进行,4个世代群体遗传多样性指标值渐次下降,F1到F413个微卫星位点的平均多态信息含量从0.638下降到0.524,平均等位基因数从5.462下降到4.308,平均观测杂合度从0.779下降到0.532,平均Shannon多样性指数从1.356下降为1.092。F1与其后各代遗传相似系数逐渐减小(从0.7194到0.5813),遗传距离逐渐增加,而相邻世代间的遗传相似性逐步升高,遗传分化指数(FST)渐次变小(F1～F2为0.0619,F2～F3为0.0511,F3～F4则为0.0475)。随着选育的进行,微卫星位点LYC0002和LYC0054等位基因频率有规律地发生变化,推测其可能与选育性状存在遗传上的相关。结果表明,经过连续4代的选育,部分不利基因遭到淘汰,选育群体的遗传基础逐步得到纯化,基因型逐渐趋向纯合、稳定,经进一步的选育可望获得较稳定的品系。 相似文献
5.
采用AFLP技术对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)F3、F4代选育群体的遗传结构进行分析,并计算2个选育群体和一个对照养殖群体的遗传多态度、遗传距离及分化系数。结果显示,8对AFLP引物共扩增到262条带,其中多态性条带有80条,每对引物检测到的多态性条带在5～13之间。F3、F4代选育群体和对照养殖群体的多态性位点比例分别为29.36%、29.20%、30.29%。Shannon多样性指数分别为0.2017,0.1955,0.2042。结果表明,选育群体相较于对照养殖群体多态位点比例和遗传多态度均有所下降。群体间的遗传变异平均为0.0752,由此可见,92.48%的遗传变异来自于群体内,而只有7.52%的遗传变异来自于群体间,这初步显示了大口黑鲈在遗传上的稳定性,群体尚具有一定的选育潜力,可继续进行人工选育。 相似文献
6.
利用 2b-RAD 技术对中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) 2015 年、2016 年、2017 年、2019 年 4 代选育群体和野生群体合计 821 尾个体进行简化基因组测序, 分析中国对虾人工选育群体和野生群体遗传多样性特征, 挖掘在持续人工选育过程中受选择的 SNP 位点。测序共得到 83767 个 SNP 位点, F-统计结果显示, 野生群体与选育群体间遗传分化系数(FST)均值为 0.022, 野生群体与 2019 年选育群体之间遗传分化程度最高为 0.0260, 与 2015 年选育群体之间遗传分化程度最低为 0.0190; 野生群体与选育群体之间遗传分化系数(FST)均小于 0.05, 为弱遗传分化。 群体主成分分析(PCA)结果显示野生群体与选育群体之间遗传结构未发生明显改变。遗传多样性统计结果表明,野生群体与选育群体期望杂合度(He)均值分别为 0.1716 和 0.1806, 观测杂合度(Ho)均值分别为 0.1861 和 0.1943, 多态性信息含量(PIC)均值分别为 0.1428 和 0.1515, 核苷酸多态性(Pi)均值分别为 0.1732 和 0.1813, 其中 2017 年、2019 年选育群体各遗传多样性指数与野生群体相比均存在显著差异(P＜0.05)。对不同世代选育群体与野生群体进行选择消除分析, 分别得到 92 个、103 个、166 个、117 个受选择 SNP 位点, 共有位点数目为 4 个。相邻世代选育群体之间等位基因频率逐代上升的共有位点数目为 7107 个, 其中 3674 个位点显著偏离哈迪–温伯格平衡(P＜0.05); 等位基因频率逐代下降的共有位点数目为 8501 个, 其中 4101 个位点显著偏离哈迪–温伯格平衡(P＜0.05)。研究结果表明, 中国对虾经过累代人工选育, 依然具有较高的遗传选育潜力, 可以继续作为人工选育材料。 相似文献
7.
为了解中华绒螯蟹不同群体的遗传结构，利用微卫星分子标记，分析中华绒螯蟹单年系F5代选育群体、“长江2号”和长江野生群体的遗传多样性。结果表明，6个微卫星位点的等位基因数为7～11，有效等位基因数为4.539 4～9.529 4，观测杂合度为0.638 9～0.861 1，期望杂合度为0.790 7～0.907 7，多态信息含量为0.779 7～0.895 1,6个微卫星位点均具有高度多态性。3个河蟹群体的期望杂合度为0.817 6～0.847 8，多态信息含量为0.784 1～0.812 5，表明所有群体均具有高度遗传多样性。遗传分化指数值为0.052 69～0.084 82，表明所有群体间均有不同程度的遗传分化。AMOVA分析显示，群体间变异占总变异的5.34%，群体内个体间的变异占总变异的94.66%。基于Nei氏遗传距离构建的UPGMA系统进化树显示，单年系F5代选育群体先与“长江2号”群体聚为一类，再与长江野生群体聚为一类。 相似文献
8.
泥蚶生长性状相关AFLP分子标记的筛选 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以浙江乐清泥蚶养殖群体为育种基础群,经过2代连续选育获得了泥蚶快速生长品系,生长对比试验发现其在壳长、壳高、壳宽、总体质量等性状上都表现出了显著的生长优势。为了研究快速生长品系的遗传结构并筛查生长性状相关的分子标记,利用AFLP标记技术对泥蚶快速生长品系和对照组群体的基因组DNA进行了PCR扩增和电泳检测。采用40对多态性丰富的引物组合在64个个体中共扩增出2180条带谱,扩增位点总多态性比例达85.6%。从Nei’s基因多样性和Shannon’s信息指数反映的遗传多样性来看,选育品系的遗传多样性略高于对照组群体。群体遗传分化系数GST(0.0224)和基因流Nm(22.2811)数据显示,两群体间遗传变异很小,存在明显的基因流动。通过比对AFLP指纹图谱的位点差异,在2180条扩增带中共筛选出了7个显著性差异位点,其中2个位点只在选育品系中出现,2个位点在选育品系中出现的频率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),另有3个位点在对照组中出现频率显著高于选育品系(P<0.05)。据此初步确定这些位点为与生长性状相关的候选标记。 相似文献
9.
为探讨急性温度胁迫对虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)基因组 DNA 甲基化水平的影响,本研究从表观遗传学角度,运用甲基化敏感扩增多态性(Methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism,MSAP)技术比较分析了升温海水(17℃和24℃)急性胁迫虾夷扇贝(原暂养于9℃的海水中)9 h 和24 h 后基因组 DNA 甲基化的变化情况。结果显示,9对引物在各组的总扩增位点数为314–337,总甲基化位点为79–94,所占比例为23.45%–28.51%;所有处理组基因组 DNA 总甲基化率低于对照组,急性升温胁迫使虾夷扇贝基因组 DNA 发生去甲基化,而且去甲基化程度随胁迫温差增大和胁迫时间增长而增强,说明急性升温胁迫能够改变 DNA 甲基化水平和模式。本研究为进行虾夷扇贝抗逆基因的筛查提供了新思路和研究基础,丰富了表观遗传学在扇贝中的研究资料。 相似文献
10.
低温对罗非鱼基因组DNA甲基化的影响 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
以经过连续多代抗寒选育获得的尼罗罗非鱼耐寒品系为实验材料,采用DNA甲基化敏感扩增多态性(methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism,MSAP)分析方法从全基因组水平上探讨了低温适应对罗非鱼DNA序列中CCGG位点的甲基化水平的影响。结果显示,选用的18对选择性扩增引物共检测到849个位点。耐寒品系检测到的位点数为411个,对照组为438个,其中发生甲基化的位点数分别为72和104个,总甲基化率分别为17.52%和23.74%;全甲基化位点分别为37个和65个,全甲基化率分别为9.00%和14.84%;半甲基化位点分别为35个和39个,半甲基化率分别为8.52%和8.90%。结果分析表明,尼罗罗非鱼耐寒品系的总甲基化水平、全甲基化水平和半甲基化水平较对照组均有一定程度的下降。与对照组相比,尼罗罗非鱼耐寒品系基因组DNA甲基化总体水平下降了6.22%,其中以全甲基化位点变异为主,其下降幅度比例明显,为5.84%。由此可见,经过连续多代的低温胁迫可导致尼罗罗非鱼DNA甲基化水平发生改变,发生了去甲基化反应,表现为基因组甲基化程度降低的特征,说明了DNA甲基化与罗非鱼抗寒性反应密切相关。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
13.
14.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
20.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献