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1.
泥蚶生长性状属于数量性状,为了筛选与泥蚶生长性状位点连锁的分子标记,本研究以150颗选育品系F4泥蚶为对象,利用12个SSR位点进行生长性状关联分析。对生长性状的相关分析表明,各数量性状之间的相关系数均达到极显著水平,其中壳高与活体质量的相关系数最大(0.930),壳长与活体质量次之(0.927);但通径分析显示,对活体质量直接影响最大的是壳宽(0.431),壳长次之(0.332),决定系数与以上通径分析结果的变化趋势一致。应用SSR位点对选育品系F4泥蚶进行遗传多样性分析,共检测到61个等位基因,等位基因数(Na)为3～8个,平均等位基因和有效等位基因(Ne)分别为5.083和3.038;平均观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)和多态性信息含量(PIC)分别为0.528、0.646和0.594,表明该群体遗传多样性处于较高水平。SSR位点与生长性状相关性分析,结果获得3个标记与生长性状具有显著相关性,其中标记3012-2与壳长、壳宽、壳顶宽显著相关,标记3564与壳高、放射肋宽显著相关,标记2692与壳长显著相关,据此初步确定为与生长性状相关的候选标记。本研究旨在为泥蚶的遗传改良和选择育种提供基础资料。 相似文献
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泥蚶34个EST-SSR标记的开发及在格粗饰蚶中的通用性检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用泥蚶转录组高通量测序、拼接获得的大量EST序列开发SSR标记,在1123条EST序列里筛查到73条含有SSR位点的EST序列,其中54个位点适合设计引物,在位点两侧设计引物并进行PCR扩增.结果显示,46对引物获得稳定扩增的位点,引物在泥蚶奉化群体的多态性检测中发现,有34对引物表现出多态性,共扩增出122个等位基因,各位点的等位基因数Na为2～7个,平均每个位点产生3.59个等位基因,观测杂合度Ho、期望杂合度He、多态信息含量PIC范围分别为0.000 ～ 0.600、0.078 ～0.771、0.106～0.718;Hardy-Weinberg平衡检测显示,13个位点偏离了平衡状态;用Nr和Swiss-Prot蛋白质数据库对含有多态性SSR的EST进行了基因注释,25个SSR位点来自注释基因序列.将34对泥蚶多态性SSR引物在格粗饰蚶中进行了通用性检测,结果有1 1对成功扩增,8对表现为多态,通用率为23.53％,这些通用引物可用于两种蚶的遗传多样性评价、系统进化分析、比较作图和基因发掘等研究. 相似文献
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应用TRAP标记对一个鲤(Cyprinus carpio)改良品系72个个体进行扩增,采用其中25个多态性较好引物组合用于该群体遗传多样性分析.运用卡方检验分析25对引物在体质量差异显著的2组鱼中频率差异显著的位点,初步筛选出与体质量和体长性状相关的TRAP标记.将初步筛选的TRAP标记用于随机群体132个个体进行位点性状间的关联分析.结果表明,25个TRAP分子标记共扩增出353个位点,其中多态性位点230个,平均多态性比率65％,平均多态性信息含量为0.28,Nei's遗传多样性指数平均值为0.219,Shannon信息指数平均值为0.329,表明该群体遗传多样性较为丰富.在初步筛选出的3个TRAP位点(ghlTrap04-140、4rTrap04-308、igf4Ga5-135)中,4rTrap04-308与体质量、体长呈极显著相关(P<0.01).本研究利用TRA这一新型分子标记对1个鲤改良群体进行遗传分析,并寻找出1个可能与鲤体质量,体长性状相关的功能基因位点,旨在为鲤体质量、体长性状的QTL定位和分子标记辅助育种奠定基础. 相似文献
4.
为了监测长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)在选育过程中的遗传变异、分析选育对其遗传结构的影响,本研究以选育目标为壳宽快速生长的长牡蛎为实验材料,利用微卫星(Simple Sequence Repeats)标记技术,对长牡蛎基础群体(P0)和连续两代选育群体(F1和F2)进行遗传多样性评估。结果发现,所有微卫星位点在3个群体中都表现出了较高的多态性,P0、F1和F2代群体的平均等位基因数分别为16.5、12.2和12.8;P0、F1和F2代群体多态性信息含量(Pic)的平均数值分别为0.9068、0.8982和0.8836。所有群体10个位点的观测杂合度值(Ho)均小于期望杂合度值(He),观测杂合度平均值的大小范围为0.5775–0.6484,期望杂合度范围为0.8594–0.9279。哈迪-温伯格平衡(HWE)结果显示,3个群体在10个位点上有24个群体的位点组合显著偏离HWE(P<0.05),说明人工选育对选育群体的遗传结构有一定的影响。3个群体在10个位点上的Fis值均为正值,平均范围为0.1541–0.2341,表明群体内各位点上的杂合子比例有所下降;各群体间Fst值范围为0.0093–0.0245,遗传分化程度较弱。此研究表明,以壳宽快速生长为选育目的,长牡蛎连续选育群体仍具有很高遗传多样性,人工选育过程中保持一定选择压力,仍然会使长牡蛎的优良生长性状得到不断提高。 相似文献
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《渔业科学进展》2016,(4)
为了监测长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)在选育过程中的遗传变异、分析选育对其遗传结构的影响,本研究以选育目标为壳宽快速生长的长牡蛎为实验材料,利用微卫星(Simple Sequence Repeats)标记技术,对长牡蛎基础群体(P0)和连续两代选育群体(F1和F2)进行遗传多样性评估。结果发现,所有微卫星位点在3个群体中都表现出了较高的多态性,P0、F1和F2代群体的平均等位基因数分别为16.5、12.2和12.8;P0、F1和F2代群体多态性信息含量(Pic)的平均数值分别为0.9068、0.8982和0.8836。所有群体10个位点的观测杂合度值(Ho)均小于期望杂合度值(He),观测杂合度平均值的大小范围为0.5775–0.6484,期望杂合度范围为0.8594–0.9279。哈迪-温伯格平衡(HWE)结果显示,3个群体在10个位点上有24个群体的位点组合显著偏离HWE(P0.05),说明人工选育对选育群体的遗传结构有一定的影响。3个群体在10个位点上的Fis值均为正值,平均范围为0.1541–0.2341,表明群体内各位点上的杂合子比例有所下降;各群体间F_(st)值范围为0.0093–0.0245,遗传分化程度较弱。此研究表明,以壳宽快速生长为选育目的,长牡蛎连续选育群体仍具有很高遗传多样性,人工选育过程中保持一定选择压力,仍然会使长牡蛎的优良生长性状得到不断提高。 相似文献
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巨魾野生群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
巨魾(Bagarius yarrelli)为云南特有的经济鱼类,利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对元江下游的河口巨野生群体进行了遗传多样性分析,在50条随机引物中筛选出19条多态性较好的引物,通过PCR扩增,19条引物在巨群体中共检测到67个位点,其中多态性位点66个,平均多态性位点比率为98.51%,个体间平均遗传相似系数为0.890 9,个体间平均遗传距离为0.117 6;群体Nei's基因多样性指数为0.291 6,Shannon信息指数为0.426 9,结果表明巨野生群体具有较高的遗传多样性。 相似文献
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本文采用40对靶位区域扩增多态性(TRAP)标记分析了野生和养殖黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco群体的遗传多样性。从40对引物中共扩增出512个位点,其中多态位点278个,多态位点比例为54.3%。筛选出的40对引物的扩增产物都具有多态性,带型稳定,重复性好,可用于统计分析。Pop Gene分析表明:野生黄颡鱼群体的遗传多样性高于养殖群体。群体间的Nei遗传分化系数和基因流指数Nm分别为0.6832和0.2318,表明两个群体间发生了明显的分化。群体间Nm值小于1,说明两群体发生的基因交流较少。 相似文献
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巨（Bagarius yarrelli）为云南特有的经济鱼类,利用随机扩增多态性 DNA（RAPD）技术对元江下游的河口巨野生群体进行了遗传多样性分析,在50条随机引物中筛选出19条多态性较好的引物,通过 PCR 扩增,19条引物在巨群体中共检测到67个位点,其中多态性位点66个,平均多态性位点比率为98．51％,个体间平均遗传相似系数为0．8909,个体间平均遗传距离为0．1176;群体 Nei′s 基因多样性指数为0．2916, Shannon 信息指数为0．4269,结果表明巨野生群体具有较高的遗传多样性。 相似文献
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中间球海胆生长分化相关的AFLP标记 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从同一遗传背景、同环境下培养的1龄中间球海胆(Strongylocentrotus intermedius)中,分别选择大个体50只、小个体30只,分别组成大小2组海胆,两组之间壳径、壳高2个指标均存在显著差异。共选用6对AFLP引物组合对2组海胆进行PCR扩增,发现43个标记在大小2组海胆间存在显著的频率差异(P0.05),其中29个位点差异极显著(P0.01)。所有存在显著频率差异的位点中,2个位点在大海胆组中缺失,4个位点在小海胆组中缺失,14个位点在大海胆组中出现的频率显著高于小海胆组(P0.05),而23个位点在小海胆组中出现的频率高于大海胆组(P0.05)。这一系列谱带可能与中间球海胆生长性状之间存在一定的相关关系。遗传多样性分析结果表明,大海胆组的平均Shannon氏指数、Nei氏杂合度2个指标均显著高于小海胆组(P0.05),提示杂种优势可能与中间球海胆的快速生长存在一定联系。 相似文献
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长牡蛎3代人工选育群体的微卫星分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
进行群体选育时,因近交机率增加和有效亲本数的减少,可能导致选育群体的遗传多样性下降,进而引起选育群体的性状衰退。为监测长牡蛎人工选育群体在选育过程中的遗传差异,实验应用微卫星DNA标记对长牡蛎野生和人工3代选育群体及其基础群体的遗传多样性进行了研究。微卫星10个位点在所有群体中均表现出较高的多态性,6个群体的平均等位基因数范围为24.0～29.7个,期望和观测杂合度分别为0.925～0.956和0.724～0.809。与野生群体和基础群体相比,长牡蛎选育3代群体的平均等位基因数和等位基因丰富度略有下降,但杂合度水平未发生明显变化。哈迪—温伯格平衡(HWE)检验结果显示,60个群体—位点组合中47个群体—位点组合显著偏离HWE平衡(P<0.05)。Fis指数均为正值,平均范围0.152～0.233,表明各群体在10个位点上表现为一定程度的杂合子缺失。各群体间Fst值的范围为0.008～0.025,遗传分化程度较弱。结果表明,连续3代的人工选育尚未明显降低长牡蛎群体的遗传多样性,仍可以一定的选择压力对选育群体进行人工选育,从而保证长牡蛎的优良生长性状得到持续提高。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Qin-Cheng Huang Di‐Gen Qin Bei‐Ping Tan Tao Du Yuan-Zhi Yang Qi-hui Yang Shu‐Yan Chi Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献
20.
William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献