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1.
通过两侧翅内侧皮肤无血管处刺种和滴鼻、点眼等途径给10日龄商品蛋公鸡接种鸡痘病毒（FPV）弱毒疫苗株，利用PCR的方法检测其在鸡体内的分布与消长规律并对其毒性进行了研究。刺种组：接种后6h在刺种部位皮肤即可检测到病毒DNA；接种后1d，皮肤、肺、脑PCR检测阳性；7d，在皮肤、肺、脑，心、脾、肾、法氏囊均可检测到病毒DNA，肝为疑似；10、15d，肝为阳性；21d，脾、法氏囊PCR检测为阴性，肝为疑似；28d，除刺种部位皮肤外所有内脏器官中均未检测到病毒DNA，但刺种部位皮肤一直到接种后35d仍可检测到病毒DNA。而对照组在整个试验期间PCR检测均为阴性。滴鼻点眼组：基本规律与刺种组相同。接种后3h，在肺部即可检测到病毒DNA；6h，在肺和脑部PCR检测成阳性，法氏囊为疑似；1d，在肺、脑、心、脾、肾、法氏囊均可检测到病毒DNA，肝为疑似；21d，肺、肾、法氏囊、脑均为阳性。其中脑一直持续到接种后28d。而对照组在整个试验期间PCR检测均为阴性。毒性试验表明，FPV弱毒疫苗株虽使用安全但通过翅内侧皮肤无血管处大量刺种存在导致全身皮肤感染出痘的危险。  相似文献   

2.
将制备的禽传染性支气管炎脂质体／DNA疫苗和壳聚糖／DNA疫苗，分别以肌肉注射（i．m）和滴鼻、点眼（i．n）两种途径免疫健康雏鸡，以裸DNA疫苗为对照，采用流式细胞仪（FACS）及间接ELISA分别对免疫鸡外周血中CD4^＋、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞数及特异性IBV血清抗体IgG的动态变化进行检测，并于免疫后35d进行攻毒，结果显示：（1）CD4^＋T淋巴细胞数，所有试验组在免疫后1～3周左右均高于对照组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05），各试验组间，脂质体／DNA疫苗肌肉注射途径在免疫后10d后高于壳聚糖／DNA疫苗，但仅在第15天差异显著（P〈0．05），而滴鼻、点眼途径则相反；（2）所有试验组CD8^＋T淋巴细胞数仅在免疫后第15天与对照组差异显著（P〈0．05），各试验组间无显著差异；（3）所有组间特异性IBV血清抗体IgG动态变化差异不显著；攻毒后脂质体／DNA疫苗肌肉注射组无鸡只死亡，其他试验组有4％或8％死亡率，均显著低于对照组（12％）。由此可见，脂质体和壳聚糖均为DNA疫苗良好的佐剂或载体，且脂质体／DNA疫苗肌肉注射的免疫效果优于壳聚糖／DNA疫苗。  相似文献   

3.
The dynamics of the production of immunoprecipitation antibodies to Marek's disease virus was studied in the serum of chickens with maternal antibodies in relation to the occurrence of the immunoprecipitation antigens of Marek's disease virus in feather follicles. One-day-old chickens were infected by the contact method with Marek's disease virus. The first occurrence of immunoprecipitation antigen was detected on the 14th day after infection and this occurrence persisted throughout the experiment, i. e. until the 112th day after infection. The antibodies were first detected the 28th day after infection and their titre kept rising until the 98th day after infection. Immunoprecipitation antibodies and antigens of Marek's disease virus were detected in some tumorously changed kidneys. Immunoelectrophoretic examination revealed in the same kidneys immunoglobulins of the class IgY, IgA and beta-globulin. The slowest-migrating fraction of IgY, together with IgA, beta-globulin and C-reactive protein were detected in the skin extracts from infected poultry. Indirect haemagglutination enabled the detection of the presence of haemagglutination antibodies in rabbit immunoglobulin to the skin antigen of Marek's disease virus, and in avian immunoglobulin to the same virus. Haemagglutination antigen was revealed in the extract from tumorously changed kidneys.  相似文献   

4.
Age-related susceptibility patterns of turkeys, broilers, and specific pathogen-free (SPF) White Leghorn chickens to experimentally induced infection with turkey or chicken rotavirus isolates were compared. The following determinants were evaluated: clinical signs, onset and duration of virus production, viral titers, involvement of intestinal villi in the replication of the virus, and the development of antibodies against the virus. Older turkeys and chickens were more susceptible than were their younger counterparts, turkeys were more susceptible than were broiler and White Leghorn chickens (regardless of age), and broiler chickens were slightly more susceptible than were age-matched White Leghorn chickens. Turkeys developed diarrhea, accompanied by high viral titers within 1 day after inoculation with virus. Viral antigen was found in the epithelial cells of the intestinal villi throughout the intestinal tract and some cells of the cecal tonsils. Antibodies could be detected as early as 4 to 5 days after inoculation. These findings were more pronounced in turkeys inoculated at 112 days of age than in birds inoculated at a younger age. Age-related susceptibility patterns were similar in White Leghorn and broiler chickens. Infection was subclinical in birds less than 56 days old, whereas older birds developed soft feces. Egg production in the White Leghorn chickens decreased after being inoculated with virus at 350 days of age.  相似文献   

5.
The influenza virus infection (A/Aichi/2/68) was associated with development of oxidative stress in lung and blood of mice, accompanied by an increase in levels of lipid peroxidation products (conjugated dienes and total malondialdehyde) and a decrease in endogenous amounts of natural antioxidant vitamin E. These effects were most pronounced on the 5th day after virus inoculation, in comparison with those on the 7th. Supplementation of mice with exogenous vitamin E before virus inoculation lead to lung and blood protection against lipid peroxidation. A marked decrease in lipid peroxidation products and an increase in vitamin E content was established in blood and lung on the 5th and 7th day after virus inoculation. The stabilizing effect of vitamin E is dose-dependent in blood and dose-independent in lung, and was most pronounced on the 5th day after virus inoculation in comparison with the 7th day.  相似文献   

6.
King DJ 《Avian diseases》1999,43(4):745-755
Four-week-old specific-pathogen-free white rock chickens were immunized with either a commercial recombinant fowl poxvirus-vectored Newcastle disease vaccine (FPN) expressing the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion protein genes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain B1 or live NDV B1. Vaccinates and controls were challenged by eyedrop and intranasal (E/I) route with a viscerotropic velogenic NDV at 14 days postvaccination to determine the time of clearance of challenge virus. In a subsequent experiment, chickens were challenged at 3, 6, or 10 days postvaccination to determine the onset of immunity. Chickens that received a recommended field dose (1x) or a 0.01x dose of FP-N subcutaneously (s.c.) and were seropositive by hemagglutination-inhibition test at 14 days postvaccination cleared the challenge virus by 14 days postchallenge. Clinical Newcastle disease and high challenge virus titers in tissues were seen only in seronegative FP-N 0.01x dose vaccinates and controls. In a comparison of vaccination with FP-N (1x, 10(4,9) median tissue culture infective dose) s.c., B1 (10(6) median egg infective dose [EID50]) s.c., or B1 (10(6) EID50) E/I, chickens vaccinated at 6 or 10 days before challenge with all vaccines were protected against clinical disease, but only those vaccinated with B1 E/I 10 days before challenge were protected against infection with the challenge virus. Vaccination at 3 days before challenge with B1 E/I provided early protection, but severe nervous signs developed later and reduced overall protection to 60%, whereas disease in chickens vaccinated with B1 s.c. and FP-N s.c. 3 days before challenge was similar to the challenge controls.  相似文献   

7.
The pathogenicity of a serotype-1 fowl adenovirus (FAV-99ZH), which causes adenoviral gizzard erosion by oral inoculation in chickens, was investigated in specific pathogen-free white leghorn chickens. In trial 1, 14 chickens were inoculated intravenously with the virus at 21 days of age and euthanatized for necropsy within 1-14 days of inoculation. Gizzard erosion was grossly observed from day 7 postinoculation (PI), and histologically, FAV-99ZH antigen-positive, basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen in the gizzard lesions from day 7 to 11 PI. Necrotizing pancreatitis, and cholecystitis and cholangitis associated with the inclusions were observed from day 3 to 14 PI (pancreatitis) and from day 5 to 9 PI (cholecystitis and cholangitis), respectively. The inclusions were also observed in the epithelial cells of the cecal tonsils from day 3 to 5 PI. The virus was recovered from samples of the lesions. It was revealed that FAV-99ZH causes not only gizzard erosion but also pancreatitis, cholecystitis, and cholangitis by intravenous inoculation in chickens. In trial 2, 10 chickens were inoculated orally with the virus twice, at 13 and 36 days of age, and euthanatized for necropsy within 4-17 days after reinfection. Macroscopically, focal gizzard lesions were observed; however, neither necrosis nor inclusions were observed by microscopy. Moreover, FAV was not recovered from the gizzard or rectum of any of the chickens at necropsy. This suggests that the gizzard lesions occurred as a result of the primary infection, and that the chickens were able to resist reinfection.  相似文献   

8.
将１６只ＳＰＦ鸡分成４组，每组４只，分别接种新城疫油乳剂苗，新城疫、传染性支气管炎、传染性法氏囊病三联油乳剂苗，ＬａＳｏｔａ弱毒苗和Ｍｕｋｔｅｓｗｅｒ苗。接种后每隔２ｄ采血１次，用ＥＬＩＳＡ测定新城疫特异性ＩｇＭ和ＩｇＧ抗体。结果：油乳剂灭活苗接种组均无特异性ＩｇＭ抗体出现，特异性ＩｇＧ抗体高峰期出现在接种后２２ｄ，ＬａＳｏｔａ弱毒苗和Ｍｕｋｔｅｓｗｅｒ苗接种组均有特异性ＩｇＭ抗体出现，高峰期为接种后第９ｄ。各接种组经强毒攻击后，均出现ＩｇＭ反应，ＩｂＧ呈典型的回忆反应。进一步试验用ＬａＳｏｔａ灭活苗经肌肉、静脉接种和加氢氧化铝胶佐剂后肌肉接种，经测定，接种鸡均无或仅有很低水平的特异性ＩｇＭ抗体产生。  相似文献   

9.
【目的】 研究牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）感染对新西兰白兔的致病性以及BVDV E2重组蛋白的免疫效果。【方法】 将实验室培养保存的BVDV病毒纯化并按照Reed-Muench法测定其病毒滴度。在致病性试验中,将10只新西兰白兔随机分为感染组和对照组,每组5只。感染组用1 mL纯化的BVDV病毒攻毒（滴鼻500 μL、耳缘静脉注射500 μL）,对照组用等体积的生理盐水处理,连续3 d,每天1次,每天观察各组兔的临床症状并测量体温;分别于接种病毒后第6、9、12、15、17天通过耳缘静脉采集血液检测血常规;感染病毒第17天采集鼻拭子进行RT-PCR鉴定,采集后剖杀并采集气管、肺脏、脾脏和小肠组织,制备病理切片观察病理变化。在免疫效果评价试验中,将10只新西兰白兔随机分为免疫组和对照组,每组5只,免疫组用E2重组蛋白（1 mg/只）与佐剂混合后经肌内多点注射免疫新西兰白兔,对照组接种等体积生理盐水;共免疫2次,2次免疫间隔为14 d。在一免后0、7、14、21、28 d采集血清,通过间接ELISA方法检测血清中抗重组蛋白特异性抗体水平;在一免后第28天按致病性试验中方法攻毒,在攻毒第17天采集鼻拭子进行RT-PCR鉴定,采集气管、肺脏、脾脏和小肠组织制备病理切片观察病理变化及免疫组织化学检测。【结果】 纯化后BVDV的病毒滴度为4.16×106 TCID50/mL。与对照组相比,感染组部分新西兰白兔6 d内活动减少,采食略微减少,6 d后逐渐恢复正常,在感染第13天出现腹泻症状,从第5天开始体温略微升高,但均在正常范围内波动。与对照组相比,在攻毒第6和9天,感染组白细胞和血小板分别显著和极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）;在攻毒第12、15和17天,感染组白细胞、血小板和淋巴细胞均极显著降低（P<0.01）。鼻拭子RT-PCR检测为阳性,气管、肺脏、脾脏及小肠组织表现出轻度至重度的组织病理学变化。间接ELISA检测结果表明,在一免后7 d时,血清抗体滴度为1：16~1：32;在一免后28 d时,血清抗体滴度为1：256~1：512;免疫攻毒组新西兰白兔鼻拭子经RT-PCR检测为阴性;组织病理学观察显示,免疫攻毒组气管及肺脏表现出轻微的组织病理学变化。免疫组化检测结果显示,免疫组结果均呈阴性,对照组结果均为阳性。【结论】 通过滴鼻及耳缘静脉注射BVDV的方式可以构建新西兰白兔致病模型,BVDV E2亚单位疫苗能够刺激机体产生特异性抗体,起到免疫防御的作用。  相似文献   

10.
ABSTRACT: Vaccination of chickens has become routine practice in Asian countries in which H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is endemically present. This mainly applies to layer and breeder flocks, but broilers are usually left unvaccinated. Here we investigate whether vaccination is able to reduce HPAI H5N1 virus transmission among broiler chickens. Four sets of experiments were carried out, each consisting of 22 replicate trials containing a pair of birds. Experiments 1-3 were carried out with four-week-old birds that were unvaccinated, and vaccinated at day 1 or at day 10 of age. Experiment 4 was carried out with unvaccinated day-old broiler chicks. One chicken in each trial was inoculated with H5N1 HPAI virus. One chicken in each trial was inoculated with virus. The course of the infection chain was monitored by serological analysis, and by virus isolation performed on tracheal and cloacal swabs. The analyses were based on a stochastic SEIR model using a Bayesian inferential framework. When inoculation was carried out at the 28th day of life, transmission was efficient in unvaccinated birds, and in birds vaccinated at first or tenth day of life. In these experiments estimates of the latent period (~1.0 day), infectious period (~3.3 days), and transmission rate parameter (~1.4 per day) were similar, as were estimates of the reproduction number (~4) and generation interval (~1.4 day). Transmission was significantly less efficient in unvaccinated chickens when inoculation was carried out on the first day of life. These results show that vaccination of broiler chickens does not reduce transmission, and suggest that this may be due to the interference of maternal immunity.  相似文献   

11.
The effect of vitamin A deficiency on cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was investigated during the acute phase of disease 7 days after primary inoculation and 1 day after secondary inoculation in chickens with or without Newcastle disease virus (NDV, La Sota strain) infection. Day-old chickens with limited vitamin A reserves were fed purified diets containing either marginal (ad libitum) or adequate (pair-fed) levels of vitamin A, and at 3 weeks of age half of the chickens in each group were infected with NDV. Cytotoxic activity was investigated during the acute phase of disease (7 days after primary inoculation) and 1 day after secondary inoculation, in an assay system with either peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) or nonadherent splenocytes as effector cells and adherent splenocytes from the same animal as target cells. After primary inoculation, cytotoxic activity could only be demonstrated in nonadherent splenocytes. Vitamin A deficiency resulted in significantly reduced CTL activity at all effector/target cell ratios tested. After reinfection CTL activity could also be demonstrated in PBL, but only from chickens fed the control diet, suggesting a diminished pool of CTL in vitamin A deficiency. The results of this study indicate that vitamin A deficiency impairs CTL activity - a part of the cell-mediated defense system - and this may have important implications for recovery from viral infection.  相似文献   

12.
Intramuscular (i.m.) administration of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) oil-emulsion vaccine (OEV) to IBV-primed or unprimed chickens resulted in the production of zero or minimal concentrations of IBV-specific IgM in the serum, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of gel chromatography fractions. Live-attenuated infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccine given i.m. or by eyedrop stimulated the production of IBV-specific IgM in similar amounts following inoculation by both routes. These levels were comparable to those found in earlier studies following intranasal inoculation with a virulent strain of IBV and confirm that the detection of IBV-specific IgM is a valuable aid to the diagnosis of recent infection. As expected, administration of live-attenuated IB vaccines i.m. or by eyedrop protected the respiratory tract against challenge with virulent virus 24 days later; however, OEV given i.m. did not.  相似文献   

13.
A hypothesis based on a possible connection between the granules produced by a species of Mycobacterium and the agent causing Plasmacytosis in mink is suggested. The presence of these granules in the identical tissues of mink from which a virus had previously been isolated, is noted. Granules with the ability to produce a “germ tube” with acid-fast staining characteristics were found to be present in these tissues. Preliminary cytological studies have shown these granules to be similar to those described by Much. When tissues containing the granules were injected into guinea pigs, rabbits and chickens and these were later tested with avian tuberculin, positive skin reactions occurred. A disease was reproduced in chickens which simulated avian leucosis. In guinea pigs a disease was reproduced which resembled Plasmacytosis in mink with some histological differences. Rabbits appeared to be refractory to infection with the dosage and route of inoculation used. The results obtained from bacteriological studies, tissue culture, animal inoculation, as well as observations made on the cytological properties of the granules, are described and discussed.  相似文献   

14.
Effects of immunosuppression were compared in newly hatched chickens given cyclophosphamide (CY) after inoculation with avian nephritis virus (ANV). All CY-treated infected chickens died within 13 days after inoculation of the virus and had heavy urate deposits throughout the body. However, non-CY-treated infected, CY-treated noninfected, and non-CY-treated noninfected control chickens survived through the observation period. In a chronologic study, the value of serum uric acid in CY-treated infected chickens was more than 3 times higher than that in non-CY-treated infected chickens, and more than 9 times higher than in noninfected chickens. Serum uric acid values were coincident with the positive degree of ANV antigen in the tubular epithelial cells in the kidneys and with the severity of renal degeneration. Serologic and immunohistologic examinations did not reveal detectable antibody and IgG- and IgM-containing cells in the spleen and kidneys of CY-treated infected chickens. However, non-CY-treated infected chickens had an increased number of IgM- and IgG-containing cells and antibody against ANV on postinoculation day 6. These findings demonstrated that CY treatment enhanced the susceptibility of chickens to ANV infection.  相似文献   

15.
试验旨在从免疫遗传学的角度初步探讨藏鸡（TC）和隐性白羽鸡（RWC）对柔嫩艾美耳球虫（Eimeria tenella）易感性差异的分子机制,分别用1×105个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊感染对球虫具有抗性的藏鸡和易感的隐性白羽鸡。应用实时荧光定量PCR检测藏鸡和隐性白羽鸡感染前0 d和感染后第2、4、6和8天脾脏、盲肠、胸腺、法氏囊中γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、IL-16、Toll样受体（TLR3）和TLR15免疫相关基因的转录水平变化。结果显示,藏鸡脾脏IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-16及TLR3、TLR15免疫相关基因转录水平于感染后第4和8天明显上调,隐性白羽鸡则无明显变化。藏鸡盲肠IFN-γ转录水平在感染后第2天显著上调（P<0.05）,TLR3在感染后第4天起显著上调（P<0.05）,其余免疫相关基因变化幅度不大;隐性白羽鸡盲肠IFN-γ转录水平在感染后第8天显著上调（P<0.05）,IL-2在感染后第2天起显著上调（P<0.05）,IL-16在感染后第6天起显著上调（P<0.05）,TLR3在感染后第2和8天显著上调（P<0.05）,TLR15变化幅度不大。各免疫相关基因在2个品种鸡胸腺和法氏囊中均出现上调或下调,但除藏鸡法氏囊TLR3和TLR15转录水平变化幅度相对较大外,其余免疫相关基因与感染前相比变化幅度不大。以上结果显示,球虫感染主要导致藏鸡和隐性白羽鸡脾脏和盲肠中的各免疫相关基因出现显著变化,表明宿主的遗传背景在一定程度上可影响球虫感染的免疫应答。  相似文献   

16.
为了检测表达鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒糖蛋白gB基因重组鸡痘病毒（rFPV-ILTVgB)的稳定性，我们对重组病毒进行6代和16代克隆纯化，对纯化后的病毒通过转瓶连续培养传20代，结果发现第6代纯化病毒（rFPV-ILTVgB-C6)在传代过程中有白斑出现，说明病毒纯度不够；经过16代纯化的病毒（rFPV-ILTVgB-C16)对细胞的嗜性加强，病毒的效价进一步升高，20代传代后蓝斑率仍然为100％，PCR的检测进一步证明插入的外源基因能在病毒的长期传代过程中稳定地遗传。抽取病毒细胞传代过程中的第5，10，15，20代次的病毒翅膀内侧无血管处皮下接种2周龄SPF鸡，20天后分为两组，分别用传染性喉气管炎病毒WG株和鸡痘病毒102株攻击，结果不同代次的重组病毒均可以使免疫鸡抵抗传染性喉气管炎病毒和鸡痘病毒强毒的攻击，鸡体内病毒传代试验表明，重组病毒在接种部位仅存在6天，之后就检测不到病毒，重组病毒通过SPF鸡连续传代，不存在病毒返祖的可能，由此可以得出一个结论：rFPV-ILTVgB在结构上和免疫原性上是稳定的，无论是在体外传代，还是在体内均可以稳定遗传，不存在因为接种重组疫苗而给免疫鸡群带来安全威胁的可能，完全可以作为疫苗毒株进行商品化开发。  相似文献   

17.
PCR和斑点杂交检测鸡传染性贫血病毒   总被引：35，自引：3，他引：35  
通过聚合酶链反应（ｐｃＲ）扩增鸡传染性贫血病毒（ｃＡＶ）ＤＮＡ特定片段，将此ｐｃＲ产物用Ｄｉｇｏｘｉｇｅｎｉｎ标记后作为探针进行斑点杂交，以此检测ＣＡＶ并作流行病学调查。对从江苏省不同地市随机采集的２月龄左右不同疾病的病鸡ＤＮＡ样品进行检测，在被检的５２个不同鸡群来源的病料中，有３６个鸡群来源的病料ＤＮＡ显示ＣＡＶ阳性（群阳性率为６９．２％）；备组织中ＣＡＶＤＮＡ含量有所差异，依次为胸腺＞脾、骨髓、肝＞肾、法氏囊、脑。用ＰＣＲ检测得到的阳性鸡的组织病料感染ＳＰＦ鸡，在感染后第２４天检查，出现贫血症状。初步调查表明，在江苏一些地区ＣＡＶ感染已相当普遍，但它与发病的关系还有待于进一步研究。  相似文献   

18.
D J King 《Avian diseases》1985,29(2):297-311
Three-to-seven-week-old broiler-type chickens were inoculated with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) by eye-drop (ED) or intratracheally (IT), and virus isolation was attempted from oropharyngeal (oral) swabs and medium harvested from tracheal explant cultures (TEC). The TEC were maintained in screw-capped tissue-culture flasks for at least 1 month, and medium harvested at regular feeding times was assayed for NDV and NDV antibody. The earliest and latest sample times were 3 and 21 days after NDV inoculation. The three experiments done were: Expt. 1, infection of nonvaccinates with NDV strain La Sota; Expt. 2, infection of NDV vaccinates and nonvaccinates with NDV strain Largo; and Expt. 3, infection of NDV vaccinates and nonvaccinates with NDV wild-type strain Kansas-Manhattan (KM) and two temperature-sensitive (ts) clones derived by J. S. Youngner from the KM strain. All experiments yielded similar results. On day 3 postinoculation (PI), most chickens were shedding virus recoverable by oral swabs and detectable in harvests from TEC prepared on that day. On day 7 PI, there was a sharp reduction in the frequency of virus-positive oral swabs, but there was no decline in the frequency of virus-positive TEC. On day 14 PI or later, all oral swabs and TEC were virus-negative, except for one chicken in Expt. 3 that was oral-swab-positive. There was no evidence of NDV persistence in the TEC of oral-swab-negative chickens on or after day 14 PI. The results of these experiments are in contrast with previous reports of the detection of latent NDV by virus isolation from harvests of TEC prepared 18 or more days PI. The ts clones of strain KM used in Expt. 3 induced a markedly poorer antibody response and were shed for a shorter time than the KM parental virus.  相似文献   

19.
An investigation was carried out in guinea fowl to determine their susceptibility to infection by Rous sarcoma viruses of subgroups A and C. A standard dose of each subgroup virus was inoculated into 14-day-old embryos via the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). On the 10th day after inoculation, 50% of the embryonic chorioallantoic membranes were harvested to assess their infection status (CAM(+) or (–)), while the rest were allowed to hatch. The hatchabilities of the embryos inoculated with subgroups A and C were about 50% and 57%, respectively. The relative sensitivities of guinea fowl to infection by viruses of subgroups A and C were observed to be 0.220 and 0.003, respectively, as compared to chickens (1.00). Mortality due to subgroup A virus-induced liver tumours (LT) was 54% and four phenotypic subclasses, namely CAM(+) LT(+), CAM(+) LT(–), CAM(–) LT(+) and CAM(–) LT(–), were observed in guinea fowl as in chickens. However, a higher incidence (31%) of conversely associated phenotypes, i.e. CAM(+) LT(–) and CAM(–) LT(+), were observed in guinea fowl. Mortality caused by subgroup A virus-induced liver tumours was first observed in inoculated guinea fowl keets during the 3rd week after hatching, and 93% of the mortality occurred within 6 weeks. The peak mortality occurred in the 4th week after hatching. The target organs for transformation were considered to be the liver and spleen because of the equal incidence of tumours in these organs. Males and females were equally likely to die from liver tumours. There was also a considerable reduction in the hatchability of guinea fowl embryos from eggs inoculated with either viral subgroup, as reported in chickens.Abbreviations BS Bryan standard - CAM chorioallantoic membrane - LL lymphoid leukosis - LT liver tumour - PCV pock count range - RSV Rous sarcoma virus - tva tumour virus (subgroup A) - tvc tumour virus (subgroup C)  相似文献   

20.
Infectious bursal disease was reported in a flock of 7-week old vaccinated chickens. Clinical findings and post-mortem changes were classical as well as the microscopic pathology of the bursa. Bursal homogenates from dead birds were positive for IBD virus antigen in agar gel diffusion test (AGDT). Convalescent sera obtained from birds 14 days following the onset of clinical signs were also positive for IBD virus antibody in AGDT. Seven-week old susceptible birds, each infected i/m with 0.1 ml of a bursal preparation from the outbreak, showed clinical signs of IBD on the 3rd day and were all dead by the 6th day. Their bursae were also positive for IBD virus antigen in AGDT. This is the first recorded outbreak of IBD in Southern Nigeria following inoculation with a locally produced vaccine.  相似文献   

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