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1.
4种经济鲍遗传多样性与分化的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  
应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术研究盘鲍(Haliotis discus discus)、皱纹盘鲍(H.discus hannai)、九孔鲍(H.diversicolor supertexta)养殖群体和杂色鲍(H.diversicolor diversicolor)自然群体遗传多样性与分化结果表明,4种经济鲍的遗传多样性较低,盘鲍群体平均每位点等位基因数目、多态位点百分数(P0.99%)、观察杂合度和期望杂合度分别为1.2、16.67、0.109和0.061,皱纹盘鲍群体分别为1.10、11.11、0.093和0.056,杂色鲍群体分别为1.44、33.33、0.106和0.118,九孔鲍群体分别为1.50、33.33、0.135和0.128。盘鲍在Mdh-1位点上符合H-W平衡标准(P>0.05),而在位点Est-3(F=-0.753)和Sod-1-1(F=-1.000)上表现出杂合子过量;皱纹盘鲍在位点Est-3符合H-W平衡标准(P>0.05),而在位点Est-3(F=-0.371)和Sod-1(F=-1.000)上表现出杂合子过量;杂色鲍在位点Est-3、Mdh-1和Amy-1上符合H-W平衡标准(P>0.05),而在位点Aat-1(F=-0.486)和Mdh-1(F=-0.210)上表现出杂合子过量,在位点Est-2(F=0.597)、Amy-1(F=0.330)和Me-1(F=1.000)上表现出杂合子缺失,九孔鲍在位点Est-3、Sdh-2、Amy-1和Mdh-1上符合H-W平衡标准(P>0.05),而在位点Aat-1(F=-0.477)和Amy-1(F=-0.149)上表现出杂合子过量,在位点Est-2(F=0.540)上表现出杂合子缺失。盘鲍和皱纹盘鲍的遗传距离为0.055,九孔鲍和杂色鲍的遗传距离为0.016。  相似文献   

2.
皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)微卫星DNA的筛选与引物设计   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
皱纹盘鲍(H aliotisdiscushannai)隶属腹足纲、前鳃亚纲、原始腹足目。近年来国外学者已相继开发日本盘鲍(H aliotis-discusdiscus)、H.rubra、H.asinina和H.kam tschatkana的微卫星标记并已应用于亲缘关系鉴定、种群多样性研究(Selva-m anietal.,2001;C onod etal.,2002)。国内对鲍鱼基因组的研究甚少,李琪(2000)分离出8个皱纹盘鲍微卫星标记。根据本实验室建立的微卫星克隆方案对皱纹盘鲍微卫星D N A进行筛选和引物设计,为进一步的种群遗传分析和物种多样性鉴定提供基本资料。1材料和方法1.1皱纹盘鲍部分基因组文库的构建实验所用的皱…  相似文献   

3.
摘要：本文针对来源于荷兰的4个引进甜菜品种和国内的6个甜菜品系（其中2个为一年生野生甜菜）进行了ISSR指纹图谱构建和聚类分析研究。筛选出稳定性高且多态性好的6个引物用于试验。利用筛选的6条引物ISSR-PCR 共扩增出51个条带, 其中多态性条带百分率为86.3%. 利用该6条引物ISSR-PCR建立的指纹图谱能将试验中的全部甜菜品种都鉴定区分开。只利用2条引物L1和UBC846 扩增的8个多态性条带构建了10个甜菜品种（系）的数字指纹识别码,该数字指纹图谱能完全区分10个甜菜品种（系）,结果显示ISSR 指纹图谱能非常有效的鉴定不同的甜菜品种。利用生物软件NTSYS-pc针对10个试验甜菜品种（系）的ISSR 扩增条带进行遗传相似性聚类分析,结果显示10个甜菜品种（系）的相似系数为0.43与0.83之间,平均为0.62。利用非加权组平均法（UPGMA）进行聚类分析,结果显示10个甜菜品种（系）聚类为2个组和3个亚组。UPGMA 聚类分析能清楚的显示10个甜菜群体间的遗传关系并且聚类结果与10个甜菜群体的特性一致, 说明ISSR标记能用于甜菜不同群体间遗传距离的评估。  相似文献   

4.
12个地方鸡种遗传多态性的AFLP指纹分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
利用6对AFLP引物组合对中国12个地方鸡种进行了遗传检测，构建了各个品种的AFLP DNA指纹图谱，根据AFLP分析结果, 统计了每个引物组合在各个品种中检测到的多态性条带和特异性条带，计算了12个地方鸡种的遗传相似系数和遗传距离，并据此构建了UPGMA聚类关系图，分析了所研究鸡种的遗传关系。结果表明：6对AFLP引物组合在12个地方鸡种中共检测到279条多态性条带，平均每个引物组合产生46.5条多态性标记，同时在每个品种群体中还检测到了数量不等的特异性条带，其中寿光鸡和东乡黑鸡最多，为9条，旧院黑鸡和兴义矮脚鸡最少，为1条。12 个鸡种聚为3类，鸡种间的遗传相似系数及聚类结果与所保存的地方鸡种的地理分布、现实状况是相吻合的。从而表明AFLP指纹用于我国地方鸡种遗传多态性分析、品种的鉴定及品种间的亲缘关系分析是可行的。  相似文献   

5.
利用ISSR标记技术分析了28份香蕉种质的遗传多态性。从100个ISSR引物中筛选出8个多态性引物,共扩增出55条DNA带,其中46条为多态性带,占83.6%,平均每个引物扩增的DNA带数为6.88条。依相似系数0.73的水平,将香蕉28个品种划分为6大类。其中云南BB（BB）和东莞高把大蕉（ABB）在相似系数为0.94时,二者的亲缘关系较近。Pisang Ceylan（AAB）和FHIA-18（AAAB）相似系数水平接近为1,表明二者亲缘关系最近。本研究为香蕉遗传关系的建立及品种鉴定提供理论基础。  相似文献   

6.
用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对泰国产方斑东风螺养殖群体的遗传多样性进行检测,从100个随机引物中筛选出21个引物对方斑东风螺的DNA进行扩增,结果表明:21个引物共检测到222条清晰且重复性好的条带,每个引物可扩增出4~16条带,分子量在200~2200bp之间,其中多态位点为156个,占70.27%;群体的Shannon多样性指数为0.2818,Nei基因多样性指数为0.2491;个体间最大遗传距离为0.291,最小遗传距离为0.066。通过与其他贝类遗传多样性的研究结果比较,可初步判断泰国产方斑东风螺养殖群体的遗传多样性比较丰富。  相似文献   

7.
应用RAMP标记研究黑麦属遗传多样性*   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
对黑麦属(Secale L．)10个野生居群和11个栽培居群共21份材料进行了RAMP(random amplified microsatellite polymorphism)标记分析，结果表明，被测材料间RAMP标记多态性较高。80个：RAMP引物中，有41个引物(占50．5％)可扩增出清晰且具多态性的条带。这41个引物共扩增出445条带，其中428条(占95．9％)具有多态性，每个引物可扩增出3—19条多态性带，平均10．4条。RAMP标记遗传相似性系数(GS)变异范围为0．266-0．658，平均值为0．449。RAMP标记可将所有21份黑麦材料完全区分开，聚类结果与材料的地理分布有一定关系，但与黑麦属传统的系统分类体系存在明显差异。据此认为，RAMP标记可以有效地评价黑麦属植物的遗传多样性，并为其物种亲缘关系的界定提供信息。  相似文献   

8.
23种野生百合遗传关系的SRAP分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为探讨百合属属下类群间亲缘关系,本研究选用19对SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism)标记引物对百合属(Lilium) 23个野生种基因组DNA进行遗传多样性及遗传关系分析;NTSYS-pc2.1和POPGEN1.32数据处理软件分析数据.共得到清晰条带236条,多态性条带233条,多态性条带比率为98.72％,平均每对引物产生12.3条多态性条带.相似系数变化范围为0.3750～0.7679,遗传距离变化范围为0.2642～0.9808,UPGMA聚类结果将23个供试材料分成4类.岷江百合与宜昌百合亲缘关系最近,野百合与朝鲜百合亲缘关系最远,来源相同、形态相似的材料大部分聚在一起,钟花组与卷瓣组存在基因交流.聚类分析结果与形态分类结果大致吻合.SRAP标记适合于百合属植物遗传多样性检验与遗传关系分析.  相似文献   

9.
利用14对蓝孔雀和绿孔雀的微卫星标记对白孔雀基因组DNA进行扩增,发现都能扩增出特异性条带,每对引物扩增的平均等位基因数为1.71,有7对引物具有较丰富的多态性,其中MCW0080和MCW0098最为理想。白孔雀与蓝孔雀和绿孔雀群体的遗传多样性分析结果表明,白孔雀、绿孔雀和蓝孔雀3个群体的杂合度和遗传多样性水平都很低,期望杂合度分别为0.2579、0.2482和0.2744,群体间的遗传分化系数为9.7%,群体间分化极显著(P<0.001),白孔雀与蓝孔雀的亲缘关系最近, Reynolds'遗传距离和基因流分别为0.0295和8.6112。本试验结果支持白孔雀不能成为蓝孔雀的一个亚种而只是一个品系的观点。  相似文献   

10.
利用14对蓝孔雀(Pavo cristatus)和绿孔雀(P.muticus)的微卫星标记对白孔雀基因组DNA进行扩增,发现都能扩增出特异性条带,每对引物扩增的平均等位基因数为1.71,有7对引物具有较丰富的多态性,其中MCW0080和MCW0098标记期望杂合度分别为0.7207和0.7571,多态信息含量分别为0.658和0.695,表现出丰富的遗传多样性和较高的选择潜力。白孔雀×蓝孔雀和绿孔雀群体的遗传多样性分析结果表明,白孔雀、绿孔雀和蓝孔雀3个群体的杂合度和遗传多样性水平都很低,期望杂合度分别为0.2579、0.2482和0.2744,群体间的遗传分化系数为9.7%,群体间分化极显著(P<0.001),白孔雀与蓝孔雀的亲缘关系最近,Reynolds'遗传距离和基因流分别为0.0295和8.6112,表明白孔雀不是蓝孔雀一个亚种。  相似文献   

11.
The genetic diversity of 70 Houttuynia Thunb. accessions from Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou and Jiangsu province in China were tested by using random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMP) markers. All of the 43 primer combinations were found to amplify polymorphic products. A total of 304 products were amplified. Of which, 97.7 products were polymorphic. 6.9 polymorphic bands were amplified by each primer combination on average. The genetic similarity (GS) between the accessions within H. emeiensis and H. cordata were 0.660 and 0.575, respectively. The GS between two species was 0.525. The GS values between H. emeiensis and the H. cordata cytotype with the chromosome number of 36 was 0.559, higher than that between H. emeiensis and the cytotypes of H. cordata with other chromosome numbers. Within the species H. cordata, the genetic variation between cultivated and wild accessions was insignificant. The results of cluster analysis by using UPGMA method showed that all the tested accessions could be differentiated by RAMP markers, and classified into 11 groups. Many accessions with the same chromosome numbers could be classified together. The genetic diversity was more plentiful in mountainous and margin areas of the Sichuan Basin than at the bottom of the Basin and the highlands or hills surrounding it. It was concluded that there existed higher genetic diversity at the molecular level (RAMP markers) among the germplasm resources of the genus Houttuynia. The genetic relationships and phylogeny of the germplasm resources of Houttuynia were also discussed.  相似文献   

12.
Genetic diversity and relationships among 48 safflower accessions were evaluated using 22 inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers. A total of 429 bands were amplified, and 355 bands (about 82.7%) were polymorphic. Five to forty-one polymorphic bands could be amplified by each primer, with an average of 16.1 polymorphic bands per primer. The results showed that the polymorphism of the safflower germplasm was higher at the DNA level. All the 48 accessions could be distinguished by ISSR markers and were divided into 9 groups based on ISSR GS by using UPGMA method. The genetic relationships among the accessions from different continents were closer. Comparatively, the genetic diversity of the accessions originated from Asia was higher, from Europe assembled. The results also showed that the genetic variation of accessions from Indian and Middle Eastern safflower diversity centers were relatively higher. ISSR is an effective and promising marker system for detecting genetic diversity among safflower and give some useful information on its phylogenic relationships.  相似文献   

13.
多层抽屉式循环水幼鲍养殖系统及养殖效果   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
为了提高皱纹盘鲍的养殖效果,该文设计了多层抽屉式循环水养殖幼鲍系统,分析了养殖期间系统的水质指标和耗能量,及不同养殖密度下幼鲍的生长率和成活率。结果表明,该系统适宜的幼鲍养殖密度为150个/屉(70cm×40cm×10cm/屉),为流水式养鲍密度的6～9倍。试验过程中水温、溶解氧、pH值、盐度、NH4+-N和NO2-N指标均达到幼鲍生长条件,NH4+-N和NO2-N体积质量基本稳定在0.023～0.065mg/L和0.014～0.041mg/L范围内。试验期间总耗电量为688.88kW·h,其中海水加热占总耗电量19.62%,相当于每天1.287kW·h耗电量,大约是流水式养殖加热耗能的1/7。该研究表明,多层抽屉式循环水养鲍系统是一种安全、高效、节能减排的养殖模式。该系统可供选择养鲍设施时参考。  相似文献   

14.
大豆种质资源RAPD标记遗传多样性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为深入研究并充分利用野生大豆资源,本文利用RAPD分子标记对40份大豆材料加以分析,旨在从DNA分子水平上探索野生大豆、地方品种和育成品种之间的遗传多样性状况。结果表明:50个RAPD引物筛选出具有多态性且扩增条带清晰的引物38个,共检测出407条带,其中多态谱带309条,多态性程度为75.92%。每个引物可扩增出2～14条多态性带,平均产生多态性谱带8.1条;平均多样性指数为2.3377,变幅范围为0.5865～4.2133。遗传相似系数变幅范围为0.44～0.92,平均为0.75。野生大豆的多态比例(94.35%)、多样性指数(2.2336)分别高于育成品种(87.47%、1.7331)和地方品种(83.54%、1.6198)。遗传相似系数为野生大豆(0.6498)地方品种(0.7015)育成品种(0.7177),育成品种与地方品种间为0.6599,育成品种与野生大豆间为0.6487,地方品种与野生大豆间为0.6045。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,40份大豆材料聚为6类,育成品种和地方品种各自聚为一类,野生大豆聚为4类。野生大豆特异等位基因数远远高于育成品种和地方品种二者的相加之和。本研究从分子水平上揭示了野生大豆与栽培大豆区别明显,宜作为一个独立的种,同时野生大豆变异幅度大,遗传基础广,是大豆育种实践中的优良基因资源。  相似文献   

15.
The genetic diversity and similarities among 32 Kengyilia accessions, distributed to 14 species and one variety were analyzed by using random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMP) markers. Of the 160 RAMP primer combinations tested, 40 (25%) produced polymorphic and clear bands. A total of 264 bands were produced by 40 primer combinations, among which 231 out of 264 bands (87.5%) were polymorphic. Two to 11 polymorphic bands could be amplified from each primer combination, with an average of 5.8 bands. The data of 264 bands were used for RAMP assay. By NTSYS-pc program, genetic similarity coefficients were generated and dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA. The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.477 to 0.965 with the mean of 0.714. The results showed as follows: (1) distinct genetic differences were present among the different species; (2) the different accessions in a species were clustered together, respectively, which had larger genetic similarities and closer relations; (3) the species with similar morphological characters and the species from the same areas or neighboring geographical regions were clustered together; (4) the lowest genetic similarity was found between K. hirsuta (PI531618) and K. laxiflora (PI531631), while the highest genetic similarity was observed between K. hirsuta (Y2364) and K. hirsuta (Y2368); (5) RAMP results are basically comparable with those obtained from studies on morphology and cytology. It is a useful method for analysis of the genetic diversity and similarities in Kengyilia.  相似文献   

16.
The genetic diversity and similarities among 40 accessions of Leymus Hochst., distributed in 19 species and 1 subspecies, were analyzed by using random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMP) markers. Of the 120 RAMP primer combinations tested, 24 (20%) produced polymorphic and clear bands. A total of 192 bands were amplified by 24 primer combinations, among which 179 (93.23%) bands were found to be polymorphic. Three to thirteen polymorphic bands were amplified by each primer combination, with an average of 7.64 bands. The data of 192 RAMP bands were used to generate Jaccard's similarity coefficients and to construct a dendrogram by means of UPGMA in the NTSYS-pc computer program. The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.10 to 0.73 with the mean of 0.34. The results showed as follows: (1) Distinct genetic differences were present among the different species; (2) The different accessions in a species were clustered together, respectively, which had larger genetic similarities and closer relations; (3) The species with similar morphological characters and the species from the same areas or neighboring geographical regions were clustered together; (4) RAMP results are basically comparable with those obtained from studies on morphology. It is a useful method for analysis of the genetic diversity and similarities in Leymus.  相似文献   

17.
本研究利用MSAP检测18个芥蓝齐口期DNA甲基化水平,分析了表观遗传多样性,探讨DNA甲基化模式对齐口期的影响。结果表明,18个芥蓝齐口期平均为50d,叶片数平均为10片,齐口期和叶片数不相关（相关系数为0.296）;变异系数分别为21%和18%;遗传距离分布在0~40,平均值为12.2276,在10.62处分为3类。MSAP分析表明,5对引物组合扩增得到432条多态性条带,201条片段表现出多态性,多态性比率为47%;Nei遗传距离分布在0.004~0.467,平均值为0.0958,表明遗传多样性水平较低;在0.04处分为3类。Mantel测验表明两种分析的遗传距离相关系数为-0.1366,显示齐口期、叶片数与DNA甲基化多态性没有相关性。DNA甲基化模式分析表明,非甲基化片段为110条,甲基化多态性片段为322条,分为3种带型,类型一为非甲基化带型（110条）,类型二为甲基化带型（110条）,类型三为半甲基化带型（152条）,非甲基化片段和半甲基化片段在不同品种之间呈现多态性,甲基化片段在不同品种之间呈现多态性与单态性相差不大,显示MSAP多态性主要来源于非甲基化和半甲基化片段,芥蓝甲基化模式以半甲基化为主。本文推测DNA甲基化水平降低参与芥蓝齐口期调控,MSAP分析既可用于基因组结构研究,又可用于基因组水平上性状的功能研究。  相似文献   

18.
This investigation was aimed at exploring the genetic diversity among nine typical accessions of Chinese mustard crops using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and morphological comparison. Totally, 111 reproducible DNA bands were generated by 16 arbitrary primers, of which 91 bands were proved to be polymorphic. Based on pair-wise comparisons of the amplified bands, genetic similarities were obtained using Nei & Li's similarity coefficients and a dendrogram reflecting their relationships was made using the unweighted pair–group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA). The result of cluster analysis indicated that the nine accessions were capable of being classified into two primary groups, one including accession 2 with expanded root (root mustard), accession 3 with entirely expanded whole stem (long-stem mustard), accession 6 with edible leaves (leaf mustard), accession 8 with edible seed stalk (seed stalk mustard) and another one including accession 4 with expanded basal stem (short-stem mustard), accession 5 with bulgy petiole (leafy bulgy mustard), and accession 9 with mustard-rich seed (seed mustard). Besides, accession 1 with expanded root (root mustard) and accession 7 with edible leaves and seed stalk (seed stalk mustard) were independent of other accessions in the dendrogram. Additionally, by cluster analysis based on highly reproducible RAPD markers, the accessions with similar edible parts of leaves or roots were not actually in the same phylogenetic groups. This implied that they were probably derived from different geographical origins with dissimilar genetic background and possessed higher genetic diversification. Furthermore, the results indicated that the traditional method for classifying Chinese mustard crops was not much reliable as it was largely dependent on phenotypic behaviors. Meanwhile, the phenotypic differences among individuals did not necessarily mean they must have sharp difference in genetic background as they met in the same group. Undoubtedly, these results aforementioned make this crop quite interesting to researchers for further investigating the molecular evolution of this special AABB group.  相似文献   

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