共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 562 毫秒
1.
《农产品加工．学刊》2017,(21)
以虾夷扇贝裙边为原料,采用复合蛋白酶进行酶解,研究糖胺聚糖的最佳提取工艺条件及其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,酶解虾夷扇贝裙边提取糖胺聚糖的最优工艺条件为提取时间3.0 h,酶添加量0.8%,提取温度50℃,料液比1:2,糖胺聚糖提取率为1.27%。体外抗氧化试验结果表明,提取的虾夷扇贝裙边糖胺聚糖具有较好的抗氧化活性,可清除·OH,O_2~-·,DPPH·,其清除能力与浓度具有显著的量效关系。 相似文献
2.
为了进一步明确栉孔扇贝（♀）×虾夷扇贝（♂）杂交子一代与栉孔扇贝形态性状对自身体重和肉柱重的影响,通过间接选择形态性状而实现质量性状的选择,从而使选育现场工作更加便捷高效,所以,随机选取杂交扇贝及对照组栉孔扇贝各60只,分别测量壳长、壳高、壳宽3个形态学指标并称量活体重和肉柱重。采用相关分析和通径分析的方法,计算这两种扇贝形态性状对体重、肉柱重的相关系数、通径系数和决定系数,进而对各性状的影响大小进行剖分。结果表明,两种扇贝各自形态性状与体重、肉柱重的相关系数均达到极显著正相关水平(P<0.001);3个性状对质量性状的直接贡献存有异同,杂交扇贝壳高是影响体重和肉柱重最重要的直接因素,而对于栉孔扇贝而言,壳高对体重的直接作用最大,壳长对肉柱重的直接作用最大。所以现场选育过程中杂交扇贝主要的选择依据是壳高,栉孔扇贝应以壳高和壳长为共同参照指标。 相似文献
3.
《农产品加工．学刊》2020,(6)
扇贝中的主要可食用部分为贝柱,剩下的裙边及内脏作为扇贝下脚料多被掩埋或者焚烧。大量的下脚料没有被利用,不仅造成了资源的浪费,而且因为其重金属含量超标,造成了严重的环境污染,甚至给人体带来危害。以扇贝下脚料作为原料,使用了柠檬汁、柑橘汁、水和柠檬酸作为脱除剂,研究在一定条件下脱除扇贝下脚料中重金属镉的效果。结果表明,使用柠檬酸的脱镉效果最好,脱镉率可达到89.3%。同时对脱镉后扇贝下脚料中的营养物质蛋白质的变化进行了探讨,为下脚料的有效脱镉及资源再利用提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
4.
一龄栉孔扇贝壳长与壳高对湿重的相关性和通径分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了查清栉孔扇贝数量性状的相关性和影响湿重的因素以及各因素所占的比例。选取栉孔扇贝春季升温苗种进行为期6个月680组扇贝形态学数据的跟踪,测定壳长、壳高、湿重,计算相关系数,采用通径分析方法计算了以壳长和壳高为自变量对湿重的相关系数,通径系数和决定系数。结果表明：其壳长和壳高对湿重的相关系数达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。壳高对湿重的直接影响最大P1=0.867,是影响湿重的主要因素,壳高对湿重的直接影响则较小P2=0.080,间接作用较大(0.862),壳高通过壳长间接的影响湿重,壳长与壳高对湿重的回归系数为R2=0.897。采用回归分析的方法建立壳长和壳高对湿重的多元回归方程为：W=-0.842+0.099SL+0.009SH。该结果为栉孔扇贝选育种提供了理论依据,即以提高湿重为目标,主要选择壳长,同时加强对壳高的协同选择。 相似文献
5.
研究利用生物化学方法对不同壳性状虾夷扇贝体腔液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活力进行比较分析。结果表明,不同贝壳形态的虾夷扇贝,其体腔液中SOD、CAT和POD 3种酶活力不存在著性差异(P0.05);不同壳色虾夷扇贝体腔液中,SOD和CAT酶活力存在显著差异(P0.05),而POD酶活力差异并不显著。研究结果显示,虾夷扇贝的贝壳形态与其体腔液中抗氧化酶活力高低不存在相关性,而虾夷扇贝贝壳的壳色性状与其体腔液中抗氧化酶SOD和CAT活力高低存在一定的相关性。研究结果可为深入研究扇贝贝壳性状积累一定的理论数据,同时也对扇贝的良种选育具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
6.
采用平均分子量分别为3000、5000、10000的0.3%(w/v)壳寡糖溶液处理黑麦草种子并对处理过的种子进行发芽试验和幼苗抗病酶活性的测定。结果表明:三种不同分子量壳寡糖溶液处理黑麦草种子,均可以提高黑麦草种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,并且提高了幼苗的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白的含量。增强了幼苗的过氧化物酶(POD)活性,诱导了病程相关蛋白(即,几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶及苯丙氨酸解氨酶)的表达。其中,以平均分子量为10000的壳寡糖对种子活力及幼苗的生长和抗病酶活性的影响最好,其发芽指数和活力指数分别比对照提高了32.64%、60.47%;苗高、可溶性蛋白含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性分别比对照提高了20.98%、33.80%、43.17%、15.73%、26.41%。 相似文献
7.
《农产品加工．学刊》2017,(23)
水产品营养丰富,受到了越来越多消费者的喜爱,其中扇贝是我国大范围养殖的水产品,更是珍贵的水产资源。扇贝柱是扇贝中主要的可食部分,其加工过程中剩下的贝边及内脏作为废弃物被丢弃。这些加工废弃物不仅造成资源的浪费,并且脱镉处理后的溶液中还含有大量的镉,不能够直接排放,需要对其进行吸附处理。采用生物吸附法,以扇贝废弃物脱除镉的废弃液为原料,设置了不同p H值,使用天然柚子皮渣和改性后的柚子皮渣作为吸附剂,以6%添加量和10%添加量2种方法,对废弃液中的镉进行吸附研究。结果表明,废弃液中镉的脱除率高达62.04%。此结果在合理、高效利用扇贝废弃物的同时,为残留重金属镉的处理提供了一定的理论依据和方法。 相似文献
8.
为有效地对牡蛎体内重金属进行净化,在室内水泥池中将葡萄牙牡蛎(也称福建牡蛎)与大型海藻(龙须菜)、大型海藻加壳聚糖、大型海藻加维生素C多聚磷酸酯用砂滤海水暂养14天,并以砂滤海水为对照组,通过测定比较不同净化组牡蛎体内的Cu2+、Cd+、Pb2+含量,来评估大型海藻对养殖牡蛎体内重金属的净化效果。结果表明,大型海藻能够显著降低牡蛎体内的重金属含量(P0.05),但就3种净化方法相比,大型海藻加壳聚糖的净化效果最佳,14天后,牡蛎体内的Cu2+、Cd+、Pb2+含量(mg/kg,湿重)分别为1.93、0.58、0.33,皆低于GB 2762—2012中制定的标准。因此,在室内采用大型海藻与壳聚糖结合方法来净化养殖牡蛎重金属是完全可行的。 相似文献
9.
华贵栉孔扇贝1龄贝数量性状的相关性及通径分析 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
为了查明华贵栉孔扇贝数量性状间的相关性及影响产量的因素组成,随机选取203只1龄贝,对其形态性状（壳长、壳高、壳宽）和重量性状（活体重、闭壳肌重）等5个数量性状进行测量,并应用遗传相关、多元回归、通径分析等方法对数据进行了分析。结果表明受测的5个数量性状间的相关系数均达到极显著水平（P < 0.001）。3个形态性状对2个重量性状的影响并不相同：对活体重起直接作用最大的是壳高,其直接决定作用达20.31%,通过壳长的间接决定作用达25.27%;对闭壳肌重直接作用最大的是壳长,其直接决定作用达22.48%,通过壳宽的间接决定作用达16.10%。建立了利用形态性状估计重量性状的回归方程。本研究结果为华贵栉孔扇贝选择育种提供了理论依据,即以提高活体重为目标,主要选择壳高,同时加强对壳长的协同选择;以提高闭壳肌重为目标,主要选择壳长,同时加强对壳宽的协同选择。 相似文献
10.
以虾夷扇贝为原料,酶解提取糖胺聚糖,利用响应面法优化虾夷扇贝糖胺聚糖的提取工艺条件。结果表明,试验因素对提取率影响的顺序依次为料液比酶解时间酶添加量。回归模型中失拟项的p0.05,复相关系数为0.998 6,说明模型具有较高的拟合度。最佳提取工艺为酶添加量1.44%,料液比1∶4(g∶m L),酶解时间2.54 h,在此条件下虾夷扇贝糖胺聚糖提取率为1.873%。动物试验结果表明,虾夷扇贝糖胺聚糖中、高剂量组均能显著降低高脂模型小鼠的总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平;高剂量组能显著提高高密度脂蛋白水平,因此虾夷扇贝糖胺聚糖对高脂模型小鼠具有较好的降血脂作用。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
20.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献