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超声波臭氧组合果蔬清洗机设计与试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过融合超声波和臭氧两项清洗技术,设计了集去污、灭菌、降解农药残留等功能为一体的超声波臭氧组合果蔬清洗机.该机通过设计清洗自动控制程序,制定自动清洗工艺,设有喷淋漂洗、超声臭氧清洗和二次喷淋3个清洗过程,可完成果蔬全自动清洗.采用相向错位配置喷淋装置,结合程序控制,清洗过程中可使果蔬等发生间断性扰动和翻滚,实现换位清洗,提高清洗均匀性,增强臭氧混合效果.草莓清洗试验表明,本机对草莓品质无影响,灭菌率超过90％,对敌敌畏、乙酰甲胺磷和乐果等农药的降解率均为85％左右,灭菌、去污、降解农药残留效果显著. 相似文献
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超声波清洗作为一种先进、高效的清洗技术,在国内外得到了越来越广泛的应用。文中以超声波和气泡作为果蔬清洗的动力,研究优化了超声波声功率密度、气泡强度和清洗时间等工艺参数,实现了较好的清洗效果,研制的清洗机械适用于多种果蔬的清洗,尤其适合叶类蔬菜和鲜嫩水果的清洗,克服了传统果蔬清洗机械对叶类蔬菜和鲜嫩水果清洗时损伤过大的弊病。 相似文献
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传统的清洗方法及设备由于水溶液的表面张力大,很难有效清洗精密零部件的微孔及狭缝中的污物,且干燥过程复杂,以超声波辅助超临界CO2清洗可以克服上述缺点。超临界CO2具有表面张力小、快速移动能力,高溶解性、强扩散性、不添加化学试剂、循环利用的特性,在精密零部件的微孔及狭缝清洗中有良好的应用前景。提出了一种超声波辅助超临界CO2清洗精密零部件设备,包括筒体、内夹套、超声波换能器、料框、磁力驱动装置、封头、快开结构,该设备可同时实现超临界CO2、超声波振荡及零部件旋转清洗,为精密零部件的无水精密清洗提供了可能。 相似文献
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果蔬清洗废水中乐果农药扫频超声波降解工艺优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用平板扫频超声波技术进行果蔬清洗废水中乐果农药降解研究,研究了超声波频率、定/扫频模式、处理体积、处理时间以及频率组合对水溶液中低浓度农药乐果降解的影响,探讨超声处理的自由基作用机理.结果表明,平板扫频模式超声波对乐果的降解效果优于定频模式,双板对振的效果优于单板超声.超声波降解处理系统较好的工作参数为:频率68 kHz、功率80 W(对应的处理体积为8L)、扫频周期100 ms、频率组合68 kHz与68 kHz,初始质量浓度为3 mg/L的乐果溶液180 min降解率达到71％.利用超声波处理乐果溶液,存在因超声波超声的自由基引起降解的因素. 相似文献
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为了优化干制圣女果清洗时的工作参数并提高清洗质量,采用RS-3500B超声波清洗机进行了相关试验。选择未经过人工分拣含水率在10%~25%干制圣女果为原材料,以洗净率和破损率为指标,通过预试验、正交试验和验证试验,分析了超声波功率、清洗时间、清洗液温度的影响。试验发现,影响洗净率和破损率的最主要的因素为超声波功率,其他因素对破损率的影响并不显著。当超声波频率为28Hz时,最适合干制圣女果的清洗,当清洗时间、清洗液温度和超声波功率分别为3min,50℃和500W时,洗净率和破损率分别为94.8%和0.83%,为圣女果清洗企业的生产提供了最佳工作参数,满足了商品化生产要求。 相似文献
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文章以2018年1月~2018年6月为对照阶段,以2018年7月~12月为观察阶段,各选取两个阶段在沧州中西医结合医院消毒供应中心清洗消毒的非特殊感染医疗器械100件,作为对照组和观察组,对照组应用多酶清洗剂联合手工清洗医疗器械,观察组应用多酶清洗剂联合超声波清洗医疗器械,对比两组工作质量,目的是探究多酶清洗剂联合超声波清洗医疗器械的效果。结果发现,观察组清洗后遗留残留物医疗器械占比低于对照组,且察组经目测法、细菌培养法检测的器械清洗合格率高于对照组,两组数据差异显著(P<0.05),有统计学意义。可见,多酶清洗剂联合超声波清洗医疗器械,工作高效、质量高,值得推广应用。 相似文献
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本文针对蔬菜洁净加工中的关键技术进行深入研究,重点分析了水汽浴清洗和超声波清洗的机理,及其相关设备的原理和应用方法. 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献