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九孔鲍育苗池附着基上底栖微藻群落及其多样性 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
2006年9月14至10月26日对福建省漳浦县下蔡九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)育苗池进行定点采样。检测结果共鉴定底栖微藻24属62种,其中硅藻21属59种,绿藻、蓝藻和褐藻各1种。附着基上底栖微藻的优势种有12种,全部为硅藻,如盾卵形藻微小变种(Cocconeis scutellum var.parva)、小形舟形藻(Navicula parva)、咖啡双眉藻(Amphora coffeaeformis)、琴式菱形藻(Nitzschia panduriformis)等。优势种的优势度突出。常见种有25种,少见种有27种。优势种和常见种多是能够适应底栖环境的种类。附着基上底栖微藻种类及多样性指数育苗早期波动大,后期逐渐稳定,底栖微藻多样性指数平均为0.980～1.959,结果表明,底栖微藻群落结构的演变与鲍幼体摄食活动有很大的相关性。 相似文献
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不同单胞藻饵料培养九孔鲍早期稚贝的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以单种培养的6种底栖硅藻和具有底栖习性的亚心形扁藻(Platymoras sp.)为饵料,培养九孔鲍(Haliotis diversi-color supertexta)受精后12 d的早期稚贝并观察其生长和存活,培养期为28 d,目的是筛选能维持早期稚贝高存活率和生长率的藻种。实验结果表明,培养稚贝成活率最高的3个藻种由大到小依次是爪哇曲壳藻亚缢变种(Achnanthes javanica var.)、流水双眉藻(Amphora fluninensis)和亚历山大菱形藻(Nitzschia alexandrina),使稚贝生长最快的3个藻种由大到小依次是流水双眉藻、爪哇曲壳藻亚缢变种和亚历山大菱形藻。研究结果揭示了适宜的底栖硅藻种类对鲍早期稚贝阶段生长和存活的重要性。个体小或者胞外产物量大的藻类很可能对九孔鲍早期稚贝的培养是有利的。 相似文献
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为验证由生产培养获得的不同质量的底栖硅藻培养皱纹盘鲍不同生长阶段幼体的效果,采用经不同培养措施获得的两类底栖硅藻群落(饵料A和饵料B)培养皱纹盘鲍前期匍訇幼体和稚鲍.试验结果表明,饵料A培养前期匍匐幼体的存活率[(43.47±13.53)%]显著高于饵料B[(6.94±5.17)%],但生长指标差异不显著.两类饵料培养的稚鲍存活率差异不显著,但饵料B的生长速度和特定生长率[(0.151±0.025)mm/d和(4.706±0.492)%/d)]显著高于饵料A[(0.103±0.022)mm/d和(3.625±0.374)%/d)].说明皱纹盘鲍幼体在不同生长阶段适应底栖硅藻的种类不同.匍匐幼体期对底栖硅藻质量要求较高,稚鲍期由于食量增加和食性转化,对饵料数量的要求表现得更为明显. 相似文献
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底栖硅藻大面积培养技术 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
底栖硅藻是从鲍上足分化匍匐幼体附着变态到长至壳长达3-5mm的稚鲍所必需的饵料。底栖硅藻质量的优劣，直接影响到鲍苗培育的成活率。因此培养足量的优质底栖硅藻是鲍人工育苗生产中最为重要的环节。本文重点围绕高密度、优质底栖硅藻规模化培养技术进行探讨，总结了一套底栖硅藻大面积培养技术， 相似文献
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浅谈单细胞藻类的培养及在海水育苗中的不同效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1种类搭配在育苗生产中,幼体成长的好坏与饵料的营养直接相关。而多种饵料混合投喂是解决营养全面的最佳途径。如鲍的人工育苗中,在提供适量的底栖硅藻的同时,投喂含大量蛋白质的人工合成饵料以促进生长,而人工合成饵料中的相当一部分就是单胞藻,如螺旋藻、海泥中的底栖硅藻等；海参育苗已见的最佳投饵方法就是角毛藻、盐藻混和投喂,尽管使用其一甚至小新月菱形藻也能出苗,但受营养及培养条件(主要是施肥量)的影响, 相似文献
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2种底栖硅藻饲养杂色鲍幼体和稚贝的饵料效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用羽纹藻（Pinnularia sp．）、简单双眉藻（Amprhoraexigua）、羽纹藻和简单双眉藻混合（混合组）作为饵料,以自然海区采集的硅藻作对照,研究其对杂色鲍（Haliotisdiversicolor）幼体和稚贝成活和生长的影响,确定人工分离的2种硅藻的饵料效果。结果表明,2种底栖硅藻在杂色鲍育苗中具有一定的饵料价值。饵料种类对不同规格杂色鲍的成活率和生长影响显著,并且2个观测指标的结果相同。幼体羽纹藻组、简单双眉藻、混合组3组间的成活率、生长无显著差异,但都明显比对照组低;稚贝简单双眉藻、混合组和对照组无显著差异,羽纹藻组显著比对照组低。 相似文献
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硅藻对鲍幼体着底和生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
硅藻对鲍幼体着底和生长的影响日本水产大学大贝政治、广岛县水试若野真、兵库县水试长井敏研究表明，皱纹盘鲍幼体从浮游转着底时，因附着板上硅藻优势种不同，而出现着底数差别很大，且其后生长也有很大差异。附着硅藻为单一培养的卵形藻、聚生舟形藻、新月菱形藻。对照... 相似文献
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底栖硅藻能够较好地响应河流水环境变化,其群落物种组成与分布已被广泛应用于河流水质与生态状况的指示与评估。为了解流溪河底栖硅藻群落结构的时空异质性及其受河流水文与水质的影响,从上游到下游共设置了 20个样点,于2018年3月、6月、9月和12月进行季节采样和观测,采集底栖硅藻,同步测定了水体理化因子;在分析群落组成的基础上,进一步探究河流环境变量和空间变量对流溪河底栖硅藻群落的影响。结果表明,4次调查共检 出底栖硅藻276种,隶属于2纲、6目、9科、55属,底栖硅藻多样性具有明显的时空差异。在季节上,丰水期的物种丰 富度和真辛普森多样性指数高于枯水期。枯水期曲壳藻科的相对丰度超过50%,高于丰水期;而舟形藻科在丰水期 时相对丰度比枯水期高。在空间上,三级河流物种多样性最高,一级河流物种多样最低;一级河流和二级河流的优 势种主要以曲丝藻属的种类为主,三级河流的优势种主要以菱形藻属的种类为主。随着河流等级增加,曲壳藻科相 对丰度降低,而菱形藻科的相对丰度逐渐升高。冗余分析（RDA）表明,环境选择和空间要素对流溪河硅藻群落结构 均有显著影响,但营养盐水平比空间要素有更高的解释率。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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