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为阐明辽宁西部风沙地区花生田的昆虫种级群落,剖析花生害虫与益虫发生动态,2015年5-10月,采用马来氏网收集结合形态学鉴定、解剖鉴定、DNA条形码三种鉴定方法,对辽宁西部重要花生产区阜新花生试验田开展了昆虫系统调查,并对其主要害虫与天敌益害比进行分析。结果表明:共获得昆虫标本15725头,鉴定为7目65科206种。其中膜翅目的茧蜂科、姬蜂科、隧蜂科、金小蜂科,半翅目的叶蝉科、蚜科,鞘翅目的叶甲科、瓢虫科为科级优势类群;优势种有膜翅目的卷叶虫绒茧蜂(11.10%)、铜色隧蜂(9.80%)、粘虫绒茧蜂(7.52%)、食蚜蝇姬蜂(7.14%)、喜马拉雅聚瘤姬蜂(7.01%)、燕蚜茧蜂(6.15%);半翅目的小绿叶蝉(44.88%)、花生蚜(14.63%)和小长蝽(11.79%);鞘翅目的双斑萤叶甲(71.68%)、龟纹瓢虫(8.90%)、异色瓢虫(8.26%);鳞翅目的小菜蛾(23.88%)、草小卷蛾(22.55%)、玉米螟(9.12%);双翅目的粘虫缺须寄蝇(30.63%)、大灰优食蚜蝇(21.77%)和夜蛾土蓝寄蝇(19.19%)等。斜纹夜蛾、花生须峭麦蛾的天敌种类分别为11种和3种;益害比分别为244.80、33.26,显示出较好的天敌控制作用;花生蚜天敌种类24种,益害比为2.39,西花蓟马天敌种类为4种,益害比为3.29,花生蚜和西花蓟马的天敌控制力较差。 相似文献
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为了摸清花生田种级昆虫群落结构，阐明主要害虫及天敌种间对应关系，明确主要害虫及潜在天敌种类，为花生害虫生物防治和生态调控奠定基础，通过采用传统形态、解剖和DNA条形码三种鉴定方法，对2016-2017年辽宁阜新花生田昆虫进行种级分类鉴定，解析昆虫群落结构，并对害虫优势种、常见种与天敌的发生动态及相关性进行分析。结果表明，辽宁阜新花生田昆虫种类丰富，群落结构比较稳定，害虫优势种为双斑萤叶甲(2 793±3头)和小绿叶蝉(1 725±341头),收集到对应天敌7种(1 477±184头)和19种(2 116±353头);害虫常见种花生蚜(826±110头),收集到天敌23种(2 656±353头),天敌种类丰富。天敌与害虫发生动态及相关性分析表明，与双斑萤叶甲显著相关的天敌是黑背毛瓢虫，与小绿叶蝉显著相关的天敌种类是龟纹瓢虫、叶色草蛉、大草蛉、异色瓢虫、大灰食蚜蝇、黑食蚜盲蝽和黑头叉胸花蝽；与花生蚜显著相关的是大灰食蚜蝇、烟蚜茧蜂、窄腹食蚜蝇、烟盲蝽和斜斑鼓额食蚜蝇。本研究阐明了阜新地区花生田昆虫群落结构稳定，天敌资源丰富；明确了双斑萤叶甲、小绿叶蝉和花生蚜的田间潜在控害天敌种类，在生产中... 相似文献
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利用马来氏网收集法,2014-2015年开展了吉林松原地区花生田昆虫系统调查,旨在阐明当地花生田的昆虫群落结构及相关群体指数动态规律。结果表明:松原地区花生田共收集到昆虫38281头,隶属12目137科,其中膜翅目和双翅目类群个体数量最大,分别占总收集昆虫数的29.67%和44.13%,主要昆虫种类有暗黑鳃金龟、大黑鳃金龟、大灰象甲、小长蝽、小绿叶蝉、花生蚜、西花蓟马、灰地种蝇等;主要类群个体数峰值分别出现在每年的6月下旬至7月初、8月下旬至9月初,最低值则出现在花生起收后;昆虫群落多样性指数在2.8~3.4之间,在每年7-8月份期间较为稳定;昆虫群落总体均匀度指数整体保持在0.65以上;昆虫群落丰富度指数在8-9月份较为稳定,峰值出现在8月上旬,最高点为95;昆虫优势集中指数整体水平较低,而昆虫群落丰盛度随花生生育进程推移呈单峰曲线变化,通常在7-8月份出现峰值。 相似文献
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花生田蚜虫天敌初步调查与利用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
蚜虫是花生开花下针期的主要害虫,发生严重时可减产10%-15%,其天敌主要有瓢虫、草蛉、食蚜蝇等,在莱西市以瓢虫为主。防治蚜虫应搞好＂两查三定＂,以充分发挥天敌作用。实践证明,花生蚜防治指标可掌握在百墩蚜量千头左右,瓢蚜比为1∶100-150以下。 相似文献
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玉米田昆虫群落的结构及时序动态研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2008年6月6日至2008年9月23日系统调查了夏玉米田主要害虫及天敌的种类和数量动态变化,并运用物种丰富度、优势度、多样性指数和相似性指数、相异性指数分析了昆虫群落的结构和时序动态。结果表明,在夏玉米田共有害虫和天敌11目32科44种;玉米蚜[Rhopalosiphummaidis(Fitch)]为玉米害虫群落中的最优势种,优势度指数为0.0002～0.3889;多样性指数在2008年8月7日和2008年8月21日达到两个高峰值;害虫及天敌在时间上的同步性和在空间上的同域性一致,为保护利用天敌、控制玉米的害虫提供理论依据。 相似文献
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开发利用自然天敌资源,是发展害虫生态控制和综合防治的重要基础工作。近年来作者对安徽茶区天敌资源进行了调查研究,结果如下:(一)茶园天敌资源丰富,且对害虫有一定控制能力初步查明安徽茶园害虫天敌,多达300余种,包括多种捕食性和寄生性昆虫、蜘蛛、捕食螨和食虫鸟类,以及多种昆虫病毒、白僵菌、虫草和蚜霉等。许多天敌昆虫明显表现与害虫的发生有同步现象和制约效应。如异色瓢虫(Leisaxyridis)、大灰食蚜蝇(Syrphus corollae)等 相似文献
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茶园害虫天敌资源调查研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
开发利用自然天敌资源,是发展害虫生态控制和综合防治的重要基础工作。近年来作者对安徽茶区天敌资源进行了调查研究,结果如下:(一)茶园天敌资源丰富,且对害虫有一定控制能力初步查明安徽茶园害虫天敌,多达300余种,包括多种捕食性和寄生性昆虫、蜘蛛、捕食螨和食虫鸟类,以及多种昆虫病毒、白僵菌、虫草和蚜霉等。许多天敌昆虫明显表现与害虫的发生有同步现象和制约效应。如异色瓢虫(Leisaxyridis)、大灰食蚜蝇(Syrphus corollae)等 相似文献
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Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
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Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
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种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
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ZHU Mingdong WEI Xiangjin XIE Hongjun TANG Guohua ZENG Xiaoshan WANG Jianlong HU Peisong YU Yinghong 《中国水稻科学》2019,33(5):401-406
Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry. 相似文献
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种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
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通过比较分析芸薹属多倍体复合种与其祖先二倍体基本种在花柱、柱头大小、角果长度、宽度、种子直径 及种子干重变化上的异同,发现多倍体复合种在这些发育性状上表现出处于两个祖先二倍体亲本之间,或只偏向 于其中一个祖先亲本。同一个多倍体品种在不同发育性状上具有不同的表现,即在某一发育性状上偏向于其祖先 亲本之一,而在另一发育性状上偏向其另一祖先亲本。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献
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Effects of crop density and tillage system on grain yield and N uptake from soil and atmosphere of sole and intercropped pea and oat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) were grown as sole and mixed crops in various densities under two different tillage systems on a loess soil near Göttingen/Germany in a 2-year field experiment (2002/2003). In the conventional tillage system a mouldboard plough (CT) was used and in the minimum tillage system a rotary harrow (MT) was employed. The effect of crop density and tillage system on the grain dry matter and grain N yields, N2 fixation and soil N uptake were determined to address the following questions: (i) which mixture compositions exhibit the highest grain yields compared to the sole crops, (ii) which mixture compositions also fix a high level of N2 and leave low levels of residual inorganic soil N after harvest, and (iii) whether the intercrop advantage is influenced by the tillage system. For (i) the result in 2002 showed that the highest grain yields of both sole cropped pea and oat and intercropped pea and oat were achieved at the highest densities. In 2003, when the inorganic soil N content was higher and weather conditions were warmer and drier, grain yields were significantly higher than in 2002, but sole as well as intercropped pea and oat gave their highest grain yields at lower densities. For both years and tillage systems, the highest intercrop advantages were achieved in mixtures with densities above the optimal sole crop densities. The result for (ii) was that a distinctly higher proportion of nitrogen was derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) by intercropped pea than by sole cropped pea. However, the uptake of soil N by intercropped pea and oat was not reduced in comparison with that of sole cropped oat as the decrease in the uptake of N from the soil by oat at lower oat densities in the mixture was compensated for by the soil N uptake of pea. Additionally, the Nmin-N content of the soil following the mixtures and sole cropped oat did not differ, especially in the deeper soil layers because oat in mixture was forced to take up more soil N from deeper layers. Therefore, the risk of soil N losses through leaching after mixtures was lower compared to sole cropped pea. The tillage system (iii) had no significant influence on grain yield and soil N uptake, but N2 fixation and the competitive ability of intercropped pea were higher under CT than with MT. An additional result was that intercropping led to a significantly increased grain N content of both pea and oat compared to the sole crops. The increase in grain N content from sole to intercrop was from 3.30 to 3.42% for pea and from 1.73 to 1.96% for oat as a mean for both years and tillage systems. The present study confirms that growing pea and oat as intercrops highlights potential economic and environmental benefits which still need to be understood in more detail in order to exploit intercropping to a greater extent. 相似文献
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