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用寇氏法测定了红茂草水提取物腹腔注射小鼠的半数致死量(LD50)。取70只昆明系小白鼠,雌雄各半,体重(20±2)g,按序贯法测出红茂草水提取物腹腔注射小鼠100%致死率的最小剂量和0%致死率的最大剂量,染毒测定其LD50。结果红茂草水提取物腹腔注射小鼠的LD50为1777.5 mg/kg,95%可信限为1585.7mg/kg~1992.5 mg/kg。 相似文献
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用60％乙醇作溶剂制备千里先抗菌有效部位冻干粉（即千里光60％乙醇提取物）．分析其化学成分．并用改良寇氏法测定其对小鼠腹腔注射的急性半数致死量（LD50）。结果发现,千里光60％乙醇提取物合有生物碱、黄酮类化合物,但不含双稠吡咯啶生物碱;测得千里光60％乙醇提取物对小鼠腹腔注射的LD50为2206mg／kg,95％可信限为1867—2607mg／kg。表明千里光60％乙醇提取物属低毒性物质,并可保留千里光的有效成分生物碱和黄酮类化合物而排除其中的双稠吡略啶生物碱．进一步提高了千里光的安全性。 相似文献
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采用水煎乙醇提取的方法从山豆根中获得有效成分,根据预试验结果将60只小鼠随机分成6组,每组10只,雌雄各半,采用改良寇氏法将山豆根乙醇提取物按3.57g/kg、5.00g/kg、7.00g/kg、9.80g/kg、13.72g/kg、19.21g/kg的剂量一次性灌服小鼠后观察7天。通过记录小鼠临床症状及死亡情况,观察山豆根乙醇提取物的急性毒性并确定其半数致死量(LD50)。结果表明,山豆根水煎醇提物经口给药对小鼠的LD50为9.8021±2.0067g/kg。说明山豆根乙醇提取物实际无毒。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(22)
为了研究不同剂量的葎草乙醇提取物对小鼠血液淋巴细胞转化率和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性的影响,试验将48只健康昆明小鼠随机分为对照组(灌胃生理盐水),葎草提取物低剂量(100 mg/kg)组、中剂量(200 mg/kg)组及高剂量(300 mg/kg)组,每组3个重复,每个重复4只,低、中、高剂量组小鼠每天分别按体重灌胃葎草提取物100,200,300 mg/kg,每天1次,连续灌胃30 d。肌肉注射植物血细胞凝集素用以检测血液淋巴细胞转化率;腹腔注射鸡红细胞,取腹腔液,检测巨噬细胞吞噬百分率和吞噬指数。结果表明:葎草提取物中剂量组小鼠的淋巴细胞转化率和巨噬细胞吞噬百分率、吞噬指数均极显著高于低剂量组和高剂量组(P0.01)。说明葎草提取物能提高血液淋巴细胞转化率和巨噬细胞吞噬活性,提高机体免疫功能。 相似文献
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地胆头提取物的急性和亚急性毒性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用650mL／L乙醇热回流浸提结合冰冻干燥法,制备了地胆头提取物。分别给昆明种雄性小鼠腹腔注射不同剂量的地胆头提取物,研究该提取物对小鼠的急性毒性和亚急性毒性试验。结果表明,地胆头提取物对供试小鼠腹腔注射的LD50为2123．24mg／kg,959／6可信限为1742.86mg／kg～2503．62mg／kg,地胆头提取物对供试小鼠属于低毒。亚急性毒性试验结果表明,地胆头提取物未引起供试小鼠临床表现和体重异常,未引起心、肺和肾等脏器的病理变化,但高剂量的地胆头提取物能够导致肝脏中央静脉轻度充血。 相似文献
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千里光提取物的小鼠骨髓微核试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
制备了千里光70%乙醇提取物冻干粉,用昆明种雌雄性小鼠进行了该提取物的微核试验。结果发现,在雌性小鼠,中、高剂量的千里光70%乙醇提取物能够引起小鼠骨髓细胞微核发生率升高,而低剂量(130.9mg/kg)千里光70%乙醇提取物不能引起小鼠骨髓细胞微核发生率升高;在雄性小鼠,高剂量(1309.0mg/kg)千里光70%乙醇提取物能够引起小鼠骨髓细胞微核发生率升高,而低、中剂量的千里光70%乙醇提取物不能引起小鼠骨髓细胞微核发生率升高;而且小鼠骨髓细胞微核发生率与千里光70%乙醇提取物具有剂量依赖性。说明千里光70%乙醇提取物仅在较高剂量时能够对小白鼠产生致突变作用。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献